There is no easy way to convert Photovoltaic (PV) energy with high
efficiency due to dynamic changes in solar irradiance and temperature. This
paper illustrates a control strategy to design and implementation of
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic system using
Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm. The PSIM simulation results confirm
proper functioning of the proposed MPPT sub-circuit to achieve a constant
48V DC output from fluctuating voltage of solar panel by varying duty cycle
of the MOSFET in the 24V-48V boost converter. The filtered output
waveform of the SPWM driven H-bridge inverter via the L-C low pass filter
is found to be a pure sine-wave of 48V peak which is then stepped-up 312V
peak (220V rms) by using a step up transformer. The frequency of output
voltage is found to be 50Hz with a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.001
which is much lower than the IEEE 519 standard.
Real Time Implementation of Variable Step Size Based P&O MPPT for PV Systems ...IJPEDS-IAES
Nowadays Solar energy is an important energy source due to the energy crisis and environment pollution. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm improves the utilization efficiency of a photovoltaic systems. In this paper an improved P&O MPPT algorithm is developed and simulated using MATLAB / SIMULINK to control the DC/DC buck converter. The obtained simulink model is also verified using dspace tool. Both the simulated and experimental results are validated by also comparing them with conventional MPPT methods. The performance measures show the increase in the efficiency of PV system by the proposed model.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Single Phase Grid Connected PV System...Ali Mahmood
Ordinary technique fail to ensure successful tracking of the maximum power point under partial shading conditions (PSC). This performs in significant reduction in the power generated as well as the reliability of the photovoltaic energy production system. For the effective utilization of solar panel under partial shading condition (PSC), maximum power point tracking method (MPPT) is required.
Design and Analysis of Three Phase Inverter with Two Buck/Boost MPPTs for DC ...IJERA Editor
1) The document describes a three-phase inverter system with two buck/boost maximum power point trackers (MPPTs) for drawing power from photovoltaic (PV) arrays.
2) A key aspect is the use of a buck/boost MPPT topology that can operate in both buck and boost modes to accommodate a wide range of PV array voltages from 0-600V. This helps reduce voltage stress on the inverter.
3) The system aims to regulate the dc bus voltage, balance power flow between the dc and ac sides, and accommodate load variations using a droop regulation mechanism based on the inverter current levels. This helps reduce the size of dc bus capacitors needed.
Development and Analysis of Fuzzy Control for MPPT Based Photovoltaic SystemIJERD Editor
This document presents a study on developing and analyzing a fuzzy control system for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic system. It proposes using a modified perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm with a fuzzy controller to track the maximum power point under varying conditions. The system is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that the fuzzy controlled P&O method produces smoother output power with less fluctuation compared to the conventional P&O method.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems that presents a dynamic power management model for a standalone DC microgrid using a Combined PI and Hysteresis Control (CPIHC) technique. The proposed microgrid includes a solar PV array, lead-acid battery storage, and constant/dynamic loads. Simulation results show the CPIHC technique efficiently manages power flow, regulates the DC link voltage, and maintains the battery's state of charge, performing better than a conventional Combined PI and Droop Control approach. The document provides background on various control methods used in microgrids and describes the modeling and simulation of the key components in the proposed standalone DC microgrid system.
Fast photovoltaic IncCond-MPPT and backstepping control, using DC-DC boost c...IJECEIAES
In this paper, we present our contribution in photovoltaic energy optimization subject. In this research work, the goal is to determinate fastly the optimal PV Module working point, allowing maximum power extraction. In this work we use DC-DC Boost converter to control the working point, by adjusting PV voltage trough duty cycle. In order to achieve our goal, we use the combination of incremental conductance MPPT technique and DC-DC Boost converter backstepping control. The validation of this control is made by Matlab simulation; the obtained results prove its effectiveness and its good maximum power tracking dynamics for different irradiance and temperature profiles.
This document summarizes a study that proposes a photovoltaic (PV) system with fuzzy logic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) applied to a boost converter and PI control applied to a buck converter to act as a battery charge controller. The fuzzy logic MPPT method is used to operate the PV panels at maximum power under varying temperature and irradiance conditions, increasing efficiency. The PI controller regulates the buck converter output to provide appropriate constant current and voltage for fast battery charging with low losses. The system was modeled and analyzed in MATLAB/Simulink.
This paper provides a new approach to reducing high-order harmonics in 400 Hz inverter using a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) converter. A voltage control loop using the harmonic compensation combined with NPC clamping diode control technology. The capacitor voltage imbalance also causes harmonics in the output voltage. For 400 Hz inverter, maintain a balanced voltage between the two input (direct current) (DC) capacitors is difficult because the pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation frequency ratio is low compared to the frequency of the output voltage. A method of determining the current flowing into the capacitor to control the voltage on the two balanced capacitors to ensure fast response reversal is also given in this paper. The combination of a high-harmonic resonator controller and a neutral-point voltage controller working together on the 400 Hz NPC inverter structure is given in this paper.
Real Time Implementation of Variable Step Size Based P&O MPPT for PV Systems ...IJPEDS-IAES
Nowadays Solar energy is an important energy source due to the energy crisis and environment pollution. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm improves the utilization efficiency of a photovoltaic systems. In this paper an improved P&O MPPT algorithm is developed and simulated using MATLAB / SIMULINK to control the DC/DC buck converter. The obtained simulink model is also verified using dspace tool. Both the simulated and experimental results are validated by also comparing them with conventional MPPT methods. The performance measures show the increase in the efficiency of PV system by the proposed model.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Single Phase Grid Connected PV System...Ali Mahmood
Ordinary technique fail to ensure successful tracking of the maximum power point under partial shading conditions (PSC). This performs in significant reduction in the power generated as well as the reliability of the photovoltaic energy production system. For the effective utilization of solar panel under partial shading condition (PSC), maximum power point tracking method (MPPT) is required.
Design and Analysis of Three Phase Inverter with Two Buck/Boost MPPTs for DC ...IJERA Editor
1) The document describes a three-phase inverter system with two buck/boost maximum power point trackers (MPPTs) for drawing power from photovoltaic (PV) arrays.
2) A key aspect is the use of a buck/boost MPPT topology that can operate in both buck and boost modes to accommodate a wide range of PV array voltages from 0-600V. This helps reduce voltage stress on the inverter.
3) The system aims to regulate the dc bus voltage, balance power flow between the dc and ac sides, and accommodate load variations using a droop regulation mechanism based on the inverter current levels. This helps reduce the size of dc bus capacitors needed.
Development and Analysis of Fuzzy Control for MPPT Based Photovoltaic SystemIJERD Editor
This document presents a study on developing and analyzing a fuzzy control system for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic system. It proposes using a modified perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm with a fuzzy controller to track the maximum power point under varying conditions. The system is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that the fuzzy controlled P&O method produces smoother output power with less fluctuation compared to the conventional P&O method.
This document summarizes an article from the International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems that presents a dynamic power management model for a standalone DC microgrid using a Combined PI and Hysteresis Control (CPIHC) technique. The proposed microgrid includes a solar PV array, lead-acid battery storage, and constant/dynamic loads. Simulation results show the CPIHC technique efficiently manages power flow, regulates the DC link voltage, and maintains the battery's state of charge, performing better than a conventional Combined PI and Droop Control approach. The document provides background on various control methods used in microgrids and describes the modeling and simulation of the key components in the proposed standalone DC microgrid system.
Fast photovoltaic IncCond-MPPT and backstepping control, using DC-DC boost c...IJECEIAES
In this paper, we present our contribution in photovoltaic energy optimization subject. In this research work, the goal is to determinate fastly the optimal PV Module working point, allowing maximum power extraction. In this work we use DC-DC Boost converter to control the working point, by adjusting PV voltage trough duty cycle. In order to achieve our goal, we use the combination of incremental conductance MPPT technique and DC-DC Boost converter backstepping control. The validation of this control is made by Matlab simulation; the obtained results prove its effectiveness and its good maximum power tracking dynamics for different irradiance and temperature profiles.
This document summarizes a study that proposes a photovoltaic (PV) system with fuzzy logic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) applied to a boost converter and PI control applied to a buck converter to act as a battery charge controller. The fuzzy logic MPPT method is used to operate the PV panels at maximum power under varying temperature and irradiance conditions, increasing efficiency. The PI controller regulates the buck converter output to provide appropriate constant current and voltage for fast battery charging with low losses. The system was modeled and analyzed in MATLAB/Simulink.
This paper provides a new approach to reducing high-order harmonics in 400 Hz inverter using a three-level neutral-point clamped (NPC) converter. A voltage control loop using the harmonic compensation combined with NPC clamping diode control technology. The capacitor voltage imbalance also causes harmonics in the output voltage. For 400 Hz inverter, maintain a balanced voltage between the two input (direct current) (DC) capacitors is difficult because the pulse width modulation (PWM) modulation frequency ratio is low compared to the frequency of the output voltage. A method of determining the current flowing into the capacitor to control the voltage on the two balanced capacitors to ensure fast response reversal is also given in this paper. The combination of a high-harmonic resonator controller and a neutral-point voltage controller working together on the 400 Hz NPC inverter structure is given in this paper.
Performance Analysis of DC Micro Grid with PV-Fuel Cell Hybrid GenerationIJMREMJournal
Conventional energy resources are being replaced by Renewable energy sources mainly due to increasing
environmental concerns. Photovoltaic (PV) and Fuel cell (FC) are suitable to be used in modern DC microgrids
due to their DC output. In this research work, a DC microgrid structure is proposed for small residential areas
using hybrid PV and FC generation. Power Electronic converters are used to regulate generated voltage of the
two sources for integration to a common DC bus. Proposed system is simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK to
observe its performance. Simulation results show that output voltage is properly maintained at different DC
3 ijaems nov-2015-9-microcontroller based constant voltage maximum power poin...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Microcontroller based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been presented for single phase stand alone or grid connected solar inverter applications. The PV array consists of only 12V cell arrangement, thereafter, Discrete Comparator Circuit, The PIC microcontroller P16F676 controls the high power switching devices in the proposed MPPT scheme. The Constant Voltage (CV) algorithm continuously searches for the PV voltages in the rapidly changing weather conditions. The less pin and housing microcontroller does it all for the proposed Constant Voltage (CV) MPPT algorithm. The MPAB Simulation proves a very good agreement with the discrete comparator and switching devices for grid voltage, back-up battery charging and temporary load shedding operation. Therefore, until and unless MPPT voltages are in the operating region, the scheme allows grid voltage and back-up battery charging.
The document compares the performance of three MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controllers - Perturb & Observe, PID, and fuzzy logic control - for a photovoltaic system in southwest Algeria. It first provides background on energy conversion and MPPT control in photovoltaic systems. It then describes the modeled system components - the photovoltaic generator, DC-DC boost converter, storage battery, and three MPPT algorithms. The goal of the comparison is to explain the precision, rapidity, and stability of the standalone photovoltaic system under each MPPT control strategy.
In a distributed generation system, divers renewable agents are connected to the low voltage 3 phase utility grid by an inverter which is used as power condition and must assurance the higher efficiency of the renewable agent. To achieve this level of efficiency, a unitary power factor between the utility grid voltages and the inverter currents is necessary, and a synchronization algorithm is required for the perfect synchronization between the 3-phase utility grid and the renewable agent. The aim of this paper is to present the optimization of the performance of a Synchronization controller for a 3-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system, assessing its accuracy under different conditions and studying their drawbacks and advantages. A grid connected photovoltaic system with a nominal power of 5 kW is used so as to assess the behavior of the synchronization algorithm when the 3 phase utility grid is affected by some disturbances such as voltage unbalances.
Reactive Power Compensation in Distribution Network with Slide Mode MPPT Cont...IJRST Journal
This document discusses using a sliding mode controller with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for voltage control in a grid-connected photovoltaic power system. It begins with an introduction to solar energy and MPPT. It then describes the proposed system, which uses a sliding mode controller to balance power flow from the PV panel to the grid and load. Simulation results show the system maintaining constant voltage on both the grid and load sides while effectively utilizing the PV power. The design aims to improve on traditional voltage control mechanisms and improve system lifetime.
A hybrid DC/DC/AC converter connected to the grid without a three-phase transformer is controlled. The decentralized control method is applied to the hybrid DC-DC converter such that the maximum power of PV flows to the grid side. This controller must charge and discharge the battery at the proper time. It must also regulate DC-link voltage. An additional advantage of the proposed control is that the three-phase inverter does not need a separate controller such as PWM and SPWM. A simple technique is used for creating the desired phase shift in the three-phase inverter, which makes the active and reactive power of the inverter controllable. A new configuration is also proposed to transmit and manage the generation power of PV. In this scheme, the battery and fuel cell are employed as an auxiliary source to manage the generation power of PV. Finally, a real-time simulation is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller and system by considering the real characteristics of PV and FC.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
This document summarizes an operating strategy for a grid-connected hybrid power system consisting of a photovoltaic array and proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The strategy determines the control mode (unit power control or feeder flow control) and reference power values. In unit power control mode, the reference power is set such that the PV array operates at maximum power and the fuel cell operates within its high efficiency band. The reference power is increased incrementally as PV output increases beyond certain thresholds to maintain these constraints. The strategy aims to improve system performance and stability while minimizing the number of control mode changes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
[1] a control of stand alone photovoltaic waterNgoc Dinh
1. Vu Hoang Phuong, Le Viet Hung, Nguyen Dinh Ngoc, Tran Anh Dung, Nguyen Van Dua, “A control of stand-alone photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems”, The 9th AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (RCEEE 2016).
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a maximum power point tracking system for photovoltaic systems using a quadratic boost converter. The system steps up the low voltage from the PV modules using the quadratic boost converter, which provides high voltage gain. It also implements an incremental conductance algorithm to track the maximum power point of the PV system under changing operating conditions like solar irradiance. Simulation results show that the proposed system can track the maximum power point fast and with less oscillation even with rapid irradiation changes, while also achieving high voltage conversion gain from the quadratic boost converter.
A Simple Control Strategy for Boost Converter Based Wind and Solar Hybrid Ene...IJRES Journal
This paper deals about the improvement of output from hybrid (Wind and PV) system through the maximum power point technique (MPPT). Though various power tracking techniques are available, Constant Voltage method is simple and effective way to track the maximum power. In this method output voltage is compared with the maximum voltage and based on the comparison gate signal is generated to the boost converter switch. Two boost converters are used individually for PV and Wind system. The whole system is modeled by using the Matlab/Simulink Model.
A multi converter based pure solar energy system with high efficiency mppt conIAEME Publication
1) The document proposes a new multi-converter based pure solar energy system with a high efficiency MPPT controller.
2) It uses a hybrid bridge resonant DC-DC converter to track the maximum power point from the solar panels and regulate the output voltage. A bidirectional DC-DC converter is used to charge and discharge the battery.
3) A multi-level inverter converts the DC output to AC voltage that is regulated and can power standalone loads or be connected to the grid. MATLAB simulations were used to validate the overall system design.
Drive Applications of Fuzzy Logic Controlled Interleaved Boost Converter for ...EECJOURNAL
This document presents a proposed interleaved boost converter controlled by a fuzzy logic controller for maximum power point tracking in solar photovoltaic systems. The interleaved boost converter is used to extract power from the solar panel with reduced ripple losses and greater efficiency, obtaining maximum power output. The fuzzy logic controller controls the converter operation to minimize power losses. Mathematical modeling of the solar panel, interleaved boost converter, and fuzzy logic controller is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed system provides constant, high voltage output while eliminating ripples and increasing efficiency compared to conventional methods. This enables extraction of maximum power from the solar panel under varying conditions.
1) The document proposes using a high step-up converter controlled by a fuzzy logic controller for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in solar power applications to drive a brushless DC motor.
2) A conventional DC-DC converter is replaced with the high step-up converter to efficiently boost the output voltage from the solar panel without needing parallel buck operation.
3) The fuzzy logic controller adjusts the duty cycle of the high step-up converter to track the maximum power point under varying solar irradiance and temperature conditions.
Operational performance of a PV generator feeding DC shunt and induction moto...IJECEIAES
This paper presented the transient and operational behavior of a parallel Combination of DC Shunt Motor and IM fed by a photovoltaic generator at different solar irradiance levels. The maximum power point of current/voltage (I/V) characteristic of the PV generator was achieved for different solar intensities, by utilizing an open circuit voltage method. The nonlinear operational behavior of (I/V) characteristics of the PV generator at various solar intensities and the magnetization curve of the ferromagnetic material of the DC shunt motor were both modeled by high order polynomial mathematical expressions. The study investigated the response of the system at different solar irradiance levels and changing the torque loads for both motors and then following step change in solar intensity levels with fixed loading torques for both motors. All numerical simulations were executed using MATLAB software.
The real problems in diminution of power quality occurs due to the rapid growth of nonlinear load are leads to sudden decrease of source voltage for a few seconds i.e sag, swell, harmonics in source and load current, voltage unbalance etc. All these problems can be compensated by using Unified Power Quality Controller (UPQC) and the operation of UPQC depends upon the available voltage across capacitor present in dc link. If the capacitor voltage is maintained constant then it gives satisfactory performance. The proposed research is basically on designing of Photo Voltaic (PV) /Wind energy fed to the dc link capacitor of UPQC so as to maintain proper voltage across it and operate the UPQC for power quality analysis. The said model is simulated in Matlab and results are verified by using FFT analysis.The proposed PV/ Wind energy-UPQC is design in Matlab simulation for reduction of voltage sag, swell, interruption of voltage, harmonics in load current and compensation of active and reactive power.
This document summarizes a study that simulated a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system incorporating an efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The study used PSIM software to model the PV module, boost converter with Perturb and Observe MPPT control, and inverter connecting the PV array to the grid. Simulation results showed the model achieved the MPPT function and improved the inverter output by reducing voltage ripple.
Partial Shading Detection and MPPT Controller for Total Cross Tied Photovolta...IDES Editor
This paper present Maximum Power Point Tracking
(MPPT) controller for solving partial shading problems in
photovoltaic (PV) systems. It is well-known that partial shading
is often encountered in PV system issue with many
consequences. In this research, PV array is connected using
TCT (total cross-tied) configuration including sensors to
measure voltage and currents. The sensors provide inputs for
MPPT controller in order to achieve optimum output power.
The Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is
utilized in this paper as the controller methods. Then, the
output of MPPT controller is the optimum power duty cycle
(α) to drive the performance DC-DC converter. The simulation
shows that the proposed MPPT controller can provide PV
voltage (VMPP) nearly to the maximum power point voltage.
The accuracy of our proposed method is measured by
performance index defined as Mean Absolute Percentage Error
(MAPE). In addition, the main purpose of this work is to
present a new method for detecting partial condition of
photovoltaic TCT configuration using only 3 sensors. Thus,
this method can streamline the time and reduce operating
costs.
Solar energy based impedance-source inverter for grid systemIJECEIAES
In this work, the fickleness of solar energy can be overcome by using Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm (MPPT). Perturb and Observation (P&O) MPPT algorithm accomplish fast the maximum power point for rapid change of environmental conditions such as irradiance intensity and temperature. The MPPT algorithm applied to solar PV system keep the boost converter output constant. Output from boost converter is taken to three phase impedance-source inverter with RL load and grid system. Impedance-source inverter performs the transformation of variable DC output of the solar PV system in to near sinusoidal AC output. This near sinusoidal AC output consecutively is served to the RL load first and then to grid system. The simulation is carried out in matlab/simulink platform both for RL load and grid system and the simulation results are experimentally validated for RL load arrangement only.
Design and Simulation of Soft Switched Converter with Current Doubler Scheme ...IOSR Journals
This document describes the design and simulation of a soft switched converter with a current doubler scheme for a photovoltaic system. The proposed converter aims to improve reliability, efficiency and increase the current rating from the photovoltaic panels. The system includes a boost converter to increase the voltage from the PV modules, a soft switched DC-DC converter using phase shift control, a transformer, and a current doubler rectifier. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show the voltage and current waveforms at different stages, demonstrating doubled output current and soft switching waveforms, helping to reduce losses and improve reliability compared to hard switched converters.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a variable step incremental conductance (VSIC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The VSIC method aims to improve both the tracking speed and accuracy of the traditional incremental conductance (IC) method by varying the step size according to how far the operating power point is from the maximum power point. Simulation results presented in the paper show that the VSIC method achieves better tracking performance than the IC method with fixed step sizes, obtaining higher average power output while reducing voltage and current ripples near the maximum power point.
Dual – MPPT Control of a Photovoltaic SystemIJTET Journal
Abstract - This paper proposes an efficient solar tracker system using a dual MPPT controller. It consists of three step DC to DC converter, which has been controlled by a microcontroller based unit. MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is used in photovoltaic system to maximize the PV array output power, irrespective of temperature, irradiation conditions and electrical characteristics of the load. The first MPPT controller is a dual axis solar tracker, which ensures optimization of the conversion of solar energy into electricity by properly orienting the PV panel in accordance with the real position of the sun to track azimuth and elevation angles. The second MPPT controller controls the duty cycle of the converter using modified Incremental Conductance algorithm to enable the PV array operate at maximum operating power at all conditions. The proposed control scheme eliminates oscillations and tracks the global maximum power point (GMPP) accurately. The simulation has been accomplished in MATLAB software.
Performance Analysis of DC Micro Grid with PV-Fuel Cell Hybrid GenerationIJMREMJournal
Conventional energy resources are being replaced by Renewable energy sources mainly due to increasing
environmental concerns. Photovoltaic (PV) and Fuel cell (FC) are suitable to be used in modern DC microgrids
due to their DC output. In this research work, a DC microgrid structure is proposed for small residential areas
using hybrid PV and FC generation. Power Electronic converters are used to regulate generated voltage of the
two sources for integration to a common DC bus. Proposed system is simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK to
observe its performance. Simulation results show that output voltage is properly maintained at different DC
3 ijaems nov-2015-9-microcontroller based constant voltage maximum power poin...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Microcontroller based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been presented for single phase stand alone or grid connected solar inverter applications. The PV array consists of only 12V cell arrangement, thereafter, Discrete Comparator Circuit, The PIC microcontroller P16F676 controls the high power switching devices in the proposed MPPT scheme. The Constant Voltage (CV) algorithm continuously searches for the PV voltages in the rapidly changing weather conditions. The less pin and housing microcontroller does it all for the proposed Constant Voltage (CV) MPPT algorithm. The MPAB Simulation proves a very good agreement with the discrete comparator and switching devices for grid voltage, back-up battery charging and temporary load shedding operation. Therefore, until and unless MPPT voltages are in the operating region, the scheme allows grid voltage and back-up battery charging.
The document compares the performance of three MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controllers - Perturb & Observe, PID, and fuzzy logic control - for a photovoltaic system in southwest Algeria. It first provides background on energy conversion and MPPT control in photovoltaic systems. It then describes the modeled system components - the photovoltaic generator, DC-DC boost converter, storage battery, and three MPPT algorithms. The goal of the comparison is to explain the precision, rapidity, and stability of the standalone photovoltaic system under each MPPT control strategy.
In a distributed generation system, divers renewable agents are connected to the low voltage 3 phase utility grid by an inverter which is used as power condition and must assurance the higher efficiency of the renewable agent. To achieve this level of efficiency, a unitary power factor between the utility grid voltages and the inverter currents is necessary, and a synchronization algorithm is required for the perfect synchronization between the 3-phase utility grid and the renewable agent. The aim of this paper is to present the optimization of the performance of a Synchronization controller for a 3-phase photovoltaic grid-connected system, assessing its accuracy under different conditions and studying their drawbacks and advantages. A grid connected photovoltaic system with a nominal power of 5 kW is used so as to assess the behavior of the synchronization algorithm when the 3 phase utility grid is affected by some disturbances such as voltage unbalances.
Reactive Power Compensation in Distribution Network with Slide Mode MPPT Cont...IJRST Journal
This document discusses using a sliding mode controller with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for voltage control in a grid-connected photovoltaic power system. It begins with an introduction to solar energy and MPPT. It then describes the proposed system, which uses a sliding mode controller to balance power flow from the PV panel to the grid and load. Simulation results show the system maintaining constant voltage on both the grid and load sides while effectively utilizing the PV power. The design aims to improve on traditional voltage control mechanisms and improve system lifetime.
A hybrid DC/DC/AC converter connected to the grid without a three-phase transformer is controlled. The decentralized control method is applied to the hybrid DC-DC converter such that the maximum power of PV flows to the grid side. This controller must charge and discharge the battery at the proper time. It must also regulate DC-link voltage. An additional advantage of the proposed control is that the three-phase inverter does not need a separate controller such as PWM and SPWM. A simple technique is used for creating the desired phase shift in the three-phase inverter, which makes the active and reactive power of the inverter controllable. A new configuration is also proposed to transmit and manage the generation power of PV. In this scheme, the battery and fuel cell are employed as an auxiliary source to manage the generation power of PV. Finally, a real-time simulation is performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller and system by considering the real characteristics of PV and FC.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
This document summarizes an operating strategy for a grid-connected hybrid power system consisting of a photovoltaic array and proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The strategy determines the control mode (unit power control or feeder flow control) and reference power values. In unit power control mode, the reference power is set such that the PV array operates at maximum power and the fuel cell operates within its high efficiency band. The reference power is increased incrementally as PV output increases beyond certain thresholds to maintain these constraints. The strategy aims to improve system performance and stability while minimizing the number of control mode changes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
[1] a control of stand alone photovoltaic waterNgoc Dinh
1. Vu Hoang Phuong, Le Viet Hung, Nguyen Dinh Ngoc, Tran Anh Dung, Nguyen Van Dua, “A control of stand-alone photovoltaic Water Pumping Systems”, The 9th AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (RCEEE 2016).
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a maximum power point tracking system for photovoltaic systems using a quadratic boost converter. The system steps up the low voltage from the PV modules using the quadratic boost converter, which provides high voltage gain. It also implements an incremental conductance algorithm to track the maximum power point of the PV system under changing operating conditions like solar irradiance. Simulation results show that the proposed system can track the maximum power point fast and with less oscillation even with rapid irradiation changes, while also achieving high voltage conversion gain from the quadratic boost converter.
A Simple Control Strategy for Boost Converter Based Wind and Solar Hybrid Ene...IJRES Journal
This paper deals about the improvement of output from hybrid (Wind and PV) system through the maximum power point technique (MPPT). Though various power tracking techniques are available, Constant Voltage method is simple and effective way to track the maximum power. In this method output voltage is compared with the maximum voltage and based on the comparison gate signal is generated to the boost converter switch. Two boost converters are used individually for PV and Wind system. The whole system is modeled by using the Matlab/Simulink Model.
A multi converter based pure solar energy system with high efficiency mppt conIAEME Publication
1) The document proposes a new multi-converter based pure solar energy system with a high efficiency MPPT controller.
2) It uses a hybrid bridge resonant DC-DC converter to track the maximum power point from the solar panels and regulate the output voltage. A bidirectional DC-DC converter is used to charge and discharge the battery.
3) A multi-level inverter converts the DC output to AC voltage that is regulated and can power standalone loads or be connected to the grid. MATLAB simulations were used to validate the overall system design.
Drive Applications of Fuzzy Logic Controlled Interleaved Boost Converter for ...EECJOURNAL
This document presents a proposed interleaved boost converter controlled by a fuzzy logic controller for maximum power point tracking in solar photovoltaic systems. The interleaved boost converter is used to extract power from the solar panel with reduced ripple losses and greater efficiency, obtaining maximum power output. The fuzzy logic controller controls the converter operation to minimize power losses. Mathematical modeling of the solar panel, interleaved boost converter, and fuzzy logic controller is presented. Simulation results show that the proposed system provides constant, high voltage output while eliminating ripples and increasing efficiency compared to conventional methods. This enables extraction of maximum power from the solar panel under varying conditions.
1) The document proposes using a high step-up converter controlled by a fuzzy logic controller for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in solar power applications to drive a brushless DC motor.
2) A conventional DC-DC converter is replaced with the high step-up converter to efficiently boost the output voltage from the solar panel without needing parallel buck operation.
3) The fuzzy logic controller adjusts the duty cycle of the high step-up converter to track the maximum power point under varying solar irradiance and temperature conditions.
Operational performance of a PV generator feeding DC shunt and induction moto...IJECEIAES
This paper presented the transient and operational behavior of a parallel Combination of DC Shunt Motor and IM fed by a photovoltaic generator at different solar irradiance levels. The maximum power point of current/voltage (I/V) characteristic of the PV generator was achieved for different solar intensities, by utilizing an open circuit voltage method. The nonlinear operational behavior of (I/V) characteristics of the PV generator at various solar intensities and the magnetization curve of the ferromagnetic material of the DC shunt motor were both modeled by high order polynomial mathematical expressions. The study investigated the response of the system at different solar irradiance levels and changing the torque loads for both motors and then following step change in solar intensity levels with fixed loading torques for both motors. All numerical simulations were executed using MATLAB software.
The real problems in diminution of power quality occurs due to the rapid growth of nonlinear load are leads to sudden decrease of source voltage for a few seconds i.e sag, swell, harmonics in source and load current, voltage unbalance etc. All these problems can be compensated by using Unified Power Quality Controller (UPQC) and the operation of UPQC depends upon the available voltage across capacitor present in dc link. If the capacitor voltage is maintained constant then it gives satisfactory performance. The proposed research is basically on designing of Photo Voltaic (PV) /Wind energy fed to the dc link capacitor of UPQC so as to maintain proper voltage across it and operate the UPQC for power quality analysis. The said model is simulated in Matlab and results are verified by using FFT analysis.The proposed PV/ Wind energy-UPQC is design in Matlab simulation for reduction of voltage sag, swell, interruption of voltage, harmonics in load current and compensation of active and reactive power.
This document summarizes a study that simulated a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system incorporating an efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. The study used PSIM software to model the PV module, boost converter with Perturb and Observe MPPT control, and inverter connecting the PV array to the grid. Simulation results showed the model achieved the MPPT function and improved the inverter output by reducing voltage ripple.
Partial Shading Detection and MPPT Controller for Total Cross Tied Photovolta...IDES Editor
This paper present Maximum Power Point Tracking
(MPPT) controller for solving partial shading problems in
photovoltaic (PV) systems. It is well-known that partial shading
is often encountered in PV system issue with many
consequences. In this research, PV array is connected using
TCT (total cross-tied) configuration including sensors to
measure voltage and currents. The sensors provide inputs for
MPPT controller in order to achieve optimum output power.
The Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is
utilized in this paper as the controller methods. Then, the
output of MPPT controller is the optimum power duty cycle
(α) to drive the performance DC-DC converter. The simulation
shows that the proposed MPPT controller can provide PV
voltage (VMPP) nearly to the maximum power point voltage.
The accuracy of our proposed method is measured by
performance index defined as Mean Absolute Percentage Error
(MAPE). In addition, the main purpose of this work is to
present a new method for detecting partial condition of
photovoltaic TCT configuration using only 3 sensors. Thus,
this method can streamline the time and reduce operating
costs.
Solar energy based impedance-source inverter for grid systemIJECEIAES
In this work, the fickleness of solar energy can be overcome by using Maximum Power Point Tracking algorithm (MPPT). Perturb and Observation (P&O) MPPT algorithm accomplish fast the maximum power point for rapid change of environmental conditions such as irradiance intensity and temperature. The MPPT algorithm applied to solar PV system keep the boost converter output constant. Output from boost converter is taken to three phase impedance-source inverter with RL load and grid system. Impedance-source inverter performs the transformation of variable DC output of the solar PV system in to near sinusoidal AC output. This near sinusoidal AC output consecutively is served to the RL load first and then to grid system. The simulation is carried out in matlab/simulink platform both for RL load and grid system and the simulation results are experimentally validated for RL load arrangement only.
Design and Simulation of Soft Switched Converter with Current Doubler Scheme ...IOSR Journals
This document describes the design and simulation of a soft switched converter with a current doubler scheme for a photovoltaic system. The proposed converter aims to improve reliability, efficiency and increase the current rating from the photovoltaic panels. The system includes a boost converter to increase the voltage from the PV modules, a soft switched DC-DC converter using phase shift control, a transformer, and a current doubler rectifier. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show the voltage and current waveforms at different stages, demonstrating doubled output current and soft switching waveforms, helping to reduce losses and improve reliability compared to hard switched converters.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a variable step incremental conductance (VSIC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The VSIC method aims to improve both the tracking speed and accuracy of the traditional incremental conductance (IC) method by varying the step size according to how far the operating power point is from the maximum power point. Simulation results presented in the paper show that the VSIC method achieves better tracking performance than the IC method with fixed step sizes, obtaining higher average power output while reducing voltage and current ripples near the maximum power point.
Dual – MPPT Control of a Photovoltaic SystemIJTET Journal
Abstract - This paper proposes an efficient solar tracker system using a dual MPPT controller. It consists of three step DC to DC converter, which has been controlled by a microcontroller based unit. MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is used in photovoltaic system to maximize the PV array output power, irrespective of temperature, irradiation conditions and electrical characteristics of the load. The first MPPT controller is a dual axis solar tracker, which ensures optimization of the conversion of solar energy into electricity by properly orienting the PV panel in accordance with the real position of the sun to track azimuth and elevation angles. The second MPPT controller controls the duty cycle of the converter using modified Incremental Conductance algorithm to enable the PV array operate at maximum operating power at all conditions. The proposed control scheme eliminates oscillations and tracks the global maximum power point (GMPP) accurately. The simulation has been accomplished in MATLAB software.
MPPT oscillations minimization in PV system by controlling non-linear dynamic...IJECEIAES
Solar PV power generation has achieved rapid growth in developing countries which has many merits such as absence of noise, longer life, no pollution, less time for installation, and ease of grid interface. A maximum power point tracking circuit (MPPT) consists of DC-DC power electronics converters that are used to improve the energy attainment from solar PV array. This paper presents a detailed analysis to control of chaos, a non-linear dynamic in SEPIC DC-DC converter interfaced solar PV system, to minimize the oscillations near to MPP. In SEPIC DC-DC converter, the input inductor current is continuous and capable of sweeping the whole I-V curve of a PV module from open circuit voltage (V oc ) to short circuit current (I sc ) operating points. To trace the true maximum power point and to nullify the oscillations near to MPP, the yield output voltage needs to ensure period-1 operation.
Development of a Novel Robust Differential Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT...IJSRP Journal
The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasingly growing in importance since they involve an exploitation of solar radiation constituting an energy source which is renewable, available in most places, and pollution-free. Despite their numerous advantages, PV systems have two major drawbacks: low energy conversion efficiency and loss of energy due to variations in meteorological conditions; for this reason, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control techniques play a key role in exploiting the maximum energy caught by PV modules. The output characteristic of a photovoltaic array is nonlinear and changes with solar irradiation and the cell’s temperature. Therefore, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is needed to draw peak power from the solar array to maximize the produced energy. In this study we have analyzed the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method and finding out a new and easier way to track maximum power point (MPP) and also our study is focused to overcome the drawbacks of MPPT. This research paper presents a novel MPP tracking method for tracking exact Maximum Power Point (MPP) if the irradiation or load changes.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
An Intelligent Technique By Using The Method of Constant Coefficient of Short...Ali Mahmood
Photovoltaic (PV) system is extensively increasing since it is clean,
pollution free, and inexhaustible and by consider available resource as a future
energy supply. The PV array output power is used to directly control the Pulse-width
modulation (PWM), dc/dc boost converter, thereby reducing the complexity of the
system. The resulting system has high efficiency with lower cost. This paper presents
an improved Constant Coefficient of Short Circuit Current (CCSCC) Maximum Power
Point Tracking (MPPT) technique under PWM control of photovoltaic (PV) power
generation systems to obtain the maximum output power. The solar panel is
modelled and analyzed in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
This document summarizes a study on controlling DC/DC converters for maximum power tracking in solar energy systems. The study analyzed buck, boost, and buck-boost converter performance using a discrete-time proportional-integral control algorithm to track the maximum power points of a solar array. Simulation and experimental results showed the converters successfully tracked maximum power points under changing solar irradiance. The buck converter achieved the highest efficiency of around 90%. The control method and converter configurations allow solar energy systems to effectively transfer power from solar arrays.
Intelligent controller based power quality improvement of microgrid integrati...IJECEIAES
Now a day the power demand has a major problem for developing countries due to the growth of population, industries, IT companies and other needs. In this present situation the fossil fuel-based power generation alone does not support the consumer needs, poor power quality due to nonlinear function and very harmful for environment. The main objective of this paper is improving the power quality of grid connected photovoltaic power system through a new cascade H-bridge multilevel inverter. The proposed research work has been modelled and controlled by ANFIS intelligence in MATLAB simulation environment. The simulation results are analysed under various operating conditions for improve the performance of proposed system. Finally, the proposed system THD value of simulation results is compared with IEEE 1547 standard for prove the effectiveness of proposed research work.
This paper deals with an advanced design for a pump powered by solar energyto supply agricultural lands with water and also the maximum power point is used to extract the maximum value of the energy available inside the solar panels and comparing between techniques MPPT such as Incremental conductance, perturb & observe, fractional short current circuit, and fractional open voltage circuit to find the best technique among these. The solar system is designed with main parts: photovoltaic (PV) panel, direct current/direct current (DC/DC) converter, inverter, filter, and in addition, the battery is used to save energy in the event that there is an increased demand for energy and not to provide solar radiation, as well as saving energy in the case of generation more than demand. This work was done using the matrix laboratory (MATLAB) simulink program.
Performance of Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm based Photovoltaic Arra...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that models and simulates a hybrid microgrid system interconnected with a photovoltaic array and utility grid. It uses a DC-DC boost converter controlled by an incremental conductance maximum power point tracking algorithm connected to the photovoltaic panels. A three-phase three-level inverter with IGBT switches is used to convert the DC power to AC power that is synchronized to the utility grid using a phase locked loop control algorithm. The system is simulated under varying sunlight conditions and the desired results are obtained, demonstrating effective maximum power point tracking and grid integration of solar power.
An Overview of MPPT for Photovoltaic Panels Using Various Artificial Intellig...IRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of various maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques for photovoltaic panels using artificial intelligence methods. It discusses photovoltaic systems and components like PV panels and DC-DC converters. It then summarizes several common MPPT techniques including fractional open-circuit voltage, perturb and observe, and incremental conductance. Finally, it outlines different artificial intelligence approaches that can be combined with PV systems and MPPT, such as artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic, and particle swarm optimization. The document aims to compare various MPPT and AI techniques to effectively maximize power output from PV systems.
Grid Interfaced 3-phase Solar Inverter with MPPT by using Boost ConverterIJMTST Journal
This document describes a grid-interfaced 3-phase 750VA solar inverter system with maximum power point tracking (MPPT). It uses a boost converter with a perturbation and observation MPPT algorithm to extract maximum power from the solar panels. The boost converter output is fed to a 3-phase inverter to regulate the voltage and frequency for supplying AC loads or grid integration. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show the MPPT algorithm effectively tracks maximum power and the voltage controller with SPWM regulates the inverter output voltage. The inverter can supply 1kW of power to the grid with output voltages and currents as required.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a control model for a three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic generation system with reactive power regulation. It proposes a control scheme using two PI controllers along with an MPPT algorithm to stabilize the DC voltage. A three-phase grid inverter is synchronized to the grid using a phase-locked loop. Simulation results in Matlab/Simulink show the system has high stability and efficiency with flexible power factor control between 0.5-1. The control structure, MPPT method, DC link control, reactive power control and PLL are described.
Sensor-less DC-Voltage Control for Grid-Connected InvertersIJAEMSJORNAL
Three-phase grid-connected inverters using solar energy are applied very popular with large capacity. These inverters usually have input power sources in the direct current (DC) that varies according to the weather conditions. The DC voltage often needs to boost up the higher voltage level to be in accordance with the output voltage of inverters. Then, the output voltage of the DC/DC boost converter is in the form of DC voltage. In order to measure this DC value in the two-stage inverters, the existing methods usually use isolated voltage sensors. This paper presents a strategy for estimating the DC voltage value of inverters without using sensors in order to reduce cost and volume for inverters. The proposed method contributes to decreasing the price of inverters while ensuring the power quality of inverter outputs. The simulated results on MATLAB/Simulink have validated the performance of the presented solution.
Modeling and simulation of three phases cascaded H-bridge grid-tied PV inverterjournalBEEI
In this paper a control scheme for three phase seven level cascaded H-bridge inverter for grid tied PV system is presented. As power generation from PV depends on varing environmental conditions, for extractraction of maximum power from PV array, fuzzy MPPT controller is incorporated with each PV array. It gives fast and accurate response. To maintain the grid current sinusoidal under varying conditions, a digital PI controller scheme is adopted. A MATLAB/Simulink model is developed for this purpose and results are presented. At last THD analysis is carried out in order to validate the performance of the overall system. As discussed, with this control strategy the balanced grid current is obtained keeping THD values with in the specified range of IEEE-519 standard.
This document summarizes a research paper on a hybrid AC-DC microgrid system with intelligent load flow control. The system consists of an AC grid connected to conventional AC loads and a DC grid connected to photovoltaic arrays, DC loads, and a battery. An intelligent load flow control system allows users to prioritize devices as critical or non-critical and divert power accordingly. The system aims to reduce multiple AC-DC conversions through direct connections of DC sources and loads, improving efficiency over individual AC or DC grids. Power electronic interfaces like DC-DC converters and a modified sine wave inverter are used to integrate the AC and DC systems. A microprocessor-based intelligent load monitoring system with a web interface is also incorporated.
Modeling and simulation of three phases cascaded H-bridge grid-tied PV inverterjournalBEEI
In this paper a control scheme for three phase seven level cascaded H-bridge inverter for grid tied PV system is presented. As power generation from PV depends on varing environmental conditions, for extractraction of maximum power from PV array, fuzzy MPPT controller is incorporated with each PV array. It gives fast and accurate response. To maintain the grid current
sinusoidal under varying conditions, a digital PI controller scheme is adopted. A MATLAB/Simulink model is developed for this purpose and results are presented. At last THD analysis is carried out in order to validate the performance of the overall system. As discussed, with this control strategy the balanced grid current is obtained keeping THD values with in the specified range of IEEE-519 standard.
Performance Evaluation of Photo-Voltaic fed Brushless Direct Current Motor fo...IJERA Editor
This work presents an effective approach towards reduction of steps in power conversion from solar
photovoltaic system to load. When a Photovoltaic system is fed to an induction motor, it requires MPPT
controller and an Inverter circuit in first and second stages since Induction motor works with a.c supply. By
eliminating the Inverter circuit and employing a BLDC motor the efficiency of the system can be improved. The
BLDC motor works under Electronic commutation principle with VSI embedded in the motor. A PV Panel fed
to the "R" load with Hill Climbing MPPT is considered along with practical irradiance data. Simulation is
carried out by formulating the mathematical model for the photovoltaic source, MPPT, Motor. System
performance‟s are investigated under different levels of solar insolation.
Integrated energy management converter based on maximum power point tracking...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an integrated power control system for photovoltaic systems based on maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The architecture presented in this paper is designed to extract more power from photovoltaic panels under different partial obscuring conditions. To control the MPPT block, the integrated system used the ripple correlation control algorithm (RCC), as well as a high-efficiency synchronous direct current (DC-DC) boost power converter. Using 180 nm complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) technology, the proposed MPPT was designed, simulated, and layout in virtuoso cadence. The system is attached to a twocell in series that generates a 5.2 V average output voltage, 656.6 mA average output current, and power efficiency of 95%. The final design occupies only 1.68 mm2 .
This document describes a study that uses artificial neural networks (ANN) and genetic algorithms (GA) to model and control a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. 390 sets of temperature and irradiance data were optimized using GA to obtain corresponding maximum power point (MPP) voltages. These optimized data were then used to train an ANN for MPPT control. Simulation results in Matlab/Simulink showed that the ANN-GA controller had less fluctuation around the MPP and faster convergence than conventional methods. A P-Q controller was also used to control grid voltage/current and allow both active and reactive power exchange.
Similar to Design of a Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Inverter with Maximum Power Point Tracking using Perturb and Observe Technique (20)
42 30 nA Comparative Study of Power Semiconductor Devices for Industrial PWM ...IAES-IJPEDS
This document compares the performance of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs and silicon insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) for use in industrial pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters. SPICE simulations were conducted to analyze the static and dynamic characteristics of a 1200V SiC MOSFET and a similar 1200V IGBT at different temperatures and gate resistances. The results show that the SiC MOSFET has lower conduction and switching losses than the Si IGBT. In particular, the SiC MOSFET exhibits lower drain-source voltage, higher switching speeds, and smoother switching waveforms. This makes the SiC MOSFET a more efficient choice than the Si IGBT
Modeling and State Feedback Controller Design of Tubular Linear Permanent Mag...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper a state feedback controller for tubular linear permanent magnet
synchronous motor (TLPMSM) containing two gas springs, is presented.
The proposed TLPMSM controller is used to control reciprocating motions
of TLPMSM. The analytical plant model of TLPMSM is a multi-input
multi-output (MIMO) system which is decoupled to some sub single-input
single-output (SISO) systems, then, the sub SISO systems are converted to
sub-state space models. Indeed, the TLPMSM state space model is decoupled
to some sub-state spaces, and then, the gains of state feedback are calculated
by linear quadratic regulation (LQR) method for each sub-state space
separately. The controller decreases the distortions of the waveforms.
The simulation results indicate the validity of the controller.
Analysis of Harmonics and Ripple Current in Multi-Module Converters with Incr...IAES-IJPEDS
This document analyzes harmonics and ripple current in multi-module converters with increasing numbers of modules for high power applications. It summarizes the design and harmonic analysis of 12-pulse, 24-pulse, 36-pulse and 48-pulse converters connected to a grid. Simulation results from MATLAB show the 48-pulse converter is most effective at mitigating harmonics, making it suitable for high power utility applications. The document also reviews literature on multipulse converters and modulation techniques.
Comparative Study of Various Adjustable Speed Drives during Voltage SagIAES-IJPEDS
This Paper compares the sensitivity of various adjustable speed drives to
voltage sag for the process control applications. Three phase voltage sag of
type B caused due to SLG fault is considered and four topologies of ASD’s
are compared in this paper. The comparison is done especially in speed,
voltage, current and torque of the ASDs. Diode rectifier without z source
inverter, diode rectifier with z source inverter, single phase two leg Vienna
rectifier and single phase neutral linked Vienna with z source inverter are
compared and the best one is highlighted. The circuits of various ASD’s are
simulated using Matlab /Simulink.
Modified Distribution Transformer for Enhancing Power Quality in Distribution...IAES-IJPEDS
The percentage of non-linear loads in the power distribution sector is increasing
day by day. Harmonics injected by these non-linear loads circulate in the delta
windings of the conventional distribution transformer thereby increasing the
temperature and losses. This reduces the efficiency and life of the transformers.
In a modified distribution transformer configuration proposed recently, called
star-star-delta_utilized configuration (YYD_utilized), the harmonics circulating
in the delta winding was utilized and the drainage power thus recovered was
used to power auxiliary loads. This paper presents the experimental studies
conducted on YYD_utilized distribution transformer. When compared to
conventional star-star, delta-star and star-star-delta transformers, the new
configuration of YYD_utilized transformer has shown considerable
improvement in transformer efficiency. The results obtained show that when
the power from the circulating harmonics is recovered and utilized, it not only
improves transformer efficiency but also improves the power factor
and reduces the harmonic distortions at the primary side of the transformer.
The results obtained also suggest the existence of maximum power point or an
optimum loading for the recovered harmonic power.
Modelling of Virtual Synchronous Converter for Grid-Inverter Synchronization ...IAES-IJPEDS
In this paper, virtual synchronous converter (VSCon) is been developed
which mimic the behavior of synchronous generator as in order to have fast
synchronization between the inverter with the grid. This synchronization is
important before can sent the power among inverter-grid connection. This
technique can also been applied at the distributed generated sources when are
connected to the local microgrids. Here, the frequency and voltage
synchronization also can be controlled at the same time some improvement
on synchronous generator mathematical model that is suitable to be
implemented into the inverter control. The whole unit of VSCon is operated
and simulated in Matlab/Simulink in order to observe all consequences
during synchronizing the voltage, frequency and phase-angle. It has been
verified by the simulation circuit where, the power converter can be
synchronized with the microrids without using a PLL unit for self
synchronization. This VSCon technique has proven that, by applying the
concept of the synchronous generator model in inverter control, it can cause
the inverter to behave as generator system, which does not required any
phase information from the grid in order to be synchronized.
Enhanced Crowbar Protection for Fault Ride through Capability of Wind Generat...IAES-IJPEDS
Due to increasing demand in power, the integration of renewable sources like
wind generation into power system is gaining much importance nowadays.
The heavy penetration of wind power into the power system leads to many
integration issues mainly due to the intermittent nature of the wind and the
desirability for variable speed operation of the generators. As the wind power
generation depends on the wind speed, its integration into the grid has
noticeable influence on the system stability and becomes an important issue
especially when a fault occurs on the grid. The protective disconnection of a
large amount of wind power during a fault will be an unacceptable
consequence and threatens the power system stability. With the increasing
use of wind turbines employing Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)
technology, it becomes a necessity to investigate their behavior during grid
faults and support them with fault ride through capability. This paper
presents the modeling and simulation of a doubly fed induction generator
according to grid code compatibility driven by a wind turbine connected to
the grid. This paper analyses the voltage sag due to a three-phase fault in the
wind connected grid. A control strategy including a crowbar circuit has been
developed in MATLAB/SIMULINK to bypass the rotor over currents during
grid fault to enhance the fault ride through capability and to maintain system
stability. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed control
strategies in DFIG based grid connected wind turbine system.
An Improved of Multiple Harmonic Sources Identification in Distribution Syste...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper introduces an improved of multiple harmonic sources
identification that been produced by inverter loads in power system using
time-frequency distribution (TFD) analysis which is spectrogram.
The spectrogram is a very applicable method to represent signals in
time-frequency representation (TFR) and the main advantages
of spectrogram are the accuracy, speed of the algorithm and use low memory
size such that it can be computed rapidly. The identification of multiple
harmonic sources is based on the significant relationship of spectral
impedances which are the fundamental impedance (Z1) and harmonic
impedance (Zh) that extracted from TFR. To verify the accuracy of the
proposed method, MATLAB simulations carried out several unique cases
with different harmonic producing loads on IEEE 4-bus test feeder cases. It is
proven that the proposed method is superior with 100% correct identification
of multiple harmonic sources. It is envisioned that the method is very
accurate, fast and cost efficient to localize harmonic sources in distribution
system.
Performance and Energy Saving Analysis of Grid Connected Photovoltaic in West...IAES-IJPEDS
The paper presents performance and energy saving analysis of 1.25 kWp grid
connected photovoltaic system under difference weather condition in West
Sumatera. The measured data were performed during weather data that often
occur in West Sumatra i.e. sunny, overcast, raining and cloudy.
The synchronizing process successfully done even bad weather conditions
when sunlight was low automatically. Photovoltaic in average start
producing power from 7:00 AM to 6:00 PM for normal or clear sky, however
under overcast, raining and cloudy weather, the PV power decreased and
disconnected earlier before sunset. During intermittent raining, overcast and
cloud covered the PV power output show an irregular profile. The PV energy
saving performed for three residential connection cases: 1300 VA, 900 VA
with subsidized and 900 VA without subsidized. The solar PV installation
have more benefits and energy saving for 1300 VA, 900 VA without
subsidized with payback period around 8.5 years. However, the 900 VA with
subsidized take longer 20.8 years, but still in PV lifespan 25 years. In the
future, household subsidies may be reduced or eliminated, the solar energy
will be viable alternative of energy resources when it can produce electricity
at a cost equivalent to utility grid PLN rate.
An Improved Constant Voltage Based MPPT Technique for PMDC MotorIAES-IJPEDS
This document presents an improved constant voltage based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for a permanent magnet DC motor (PMDC) driven by a standalone photovoltaic (SAPV) system. The technique uses a pilot PV panel to measure the open circuit voltage of the main PV panel in order to track the MPP without disconnecting the panel from the load. A proportional-integrator controller is used to adjust the duty cycle of a DC-DC converter such that the PV voltage matches the MPP voltage. Simulation results show that the array efficiency increases under varying temperature and solar insolation conditions when using the improved MPPT technique compared to directly coupling the PV panel to the motor load.
A Discrete PLL Based Load Frequency Control of FLC-Based PV-Wind Hybrid Power...IAES-IJPEDS
The sun and wind-based generation are considered to besource of green
power generation which can mitigate the power demand issues. As solar and
wind power advancements are entrenched and the infiltration of these
Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into to network is expanding dynamically.
So, as to outline a legitimate control and to harness power from RES the
learning of natural conditions for a specific area is fundamental. Fuzzy Logic
Controller (FLC) based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controlled
boost converter are utilized for viable operation and to keep DC voltage
steady at desired level. The control scheme of the inverter is intended to keep
the load voltage and frequency of the AC supply at aconstant level regardless
of progress in natural conditions and burden. A Simulink model of the
proposed Hybrid system with the MPPT controlled Boost converters
and Voltage regulated Inverter for stand-alone application is developed in
MATLAB R2015a, Version 8.5.0. The ongoing information of Wind Speed
and Solar Irradiation levels are recorded at BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus
the performance of the voltage regulated inverter under constant and varying
linearAC load is analyzed. The investigation shows that the magnitude of
load voltage and frequency of the load voltage is maintained at desired level
by the proposed inverter control logic.
An Adaptive Virtual Impedance Based Droop Control Scheme for Parallel Inverte...IAES-IJPEDS
This document presents an adaptive virtual impedance based droop control scheme for parallel inverters in a microgrid. The scheme uses an impedance estimator to monitor changes in line impedances between inverters and the point of common coupling. It estimates the line impedance in real time using output voltages and currents of the inverters as well as voltages at the point of common coupling. The estimated line impedance is then fed into a virtual impedance loop to adjust the virtual impedance value and compensate for reactive power mismatches due to changing line impedances, improving power sharing performance. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive scheme compared to conventional control methods.
Open-Switch Fault-Tolerant Control of Power Converters in a Grid-Connected Ph...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents the study of an open switch fault tolerant control of a
grid-connected photovoltaic system. The studied system is based on the
classical DC-DC boost converter and a bidirectional 6-pulse DC-AC
converter. The objective is to provide an open-switch fault detection method
and fault-tolerant control for both of boost converter and grid-side converter
(GSC) in a grid-connected photovoltaic system. A fast fault detection method
and a reliable fault-tolerant topology are required to ensure continuity of
service, and achieve a faster corrective maintenance. In this work, the mean
value of the error voltages is used as fault indicator for the GSC, while, for
the boost converter the inductor current form is used as fault indicator. The
fault-tolerant topology was achieved by adding one redundant switch to the
boost converter, and by adding one redundant leg to the GSC. The results of
the fault tolerant control are presented and discussed to validate the proposed
approach under different scenarios and different solar irradiances.
Photovoltaic System with SEPIC Converter Controlled by the Fuzzy LogicIAES-IJPEDS
In this work, a fuzzy logic controller is used to control the output voltage of a
photovoltaic system with a DC-DC converter; type Single Ended Primary
Inductor Converter (SEPIC). The system is designed for 210 W solar
photovoltaic (SCHOTT 210) panel and to feed an average demand of 78 W.
This system includes solar panels, SEPIC converter and fuzzy logic
controller. The SEPIC converter provides a constant DC bus voltage and its
duty cycle controlled by the fuzzy logic controller which is needed to
improve PV panel’s utilization efficiency. A fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is
also used to generate the PWM signal for the SEPIC converter.
An Approach to Voltage Quality Enhancement by Introduction of CWVM for Distri...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presented with problems related with voltage flicker in power
system networks. Several international standard issued to control the voltage
flicker are briefly described and some important methods to analyse
electrical circuits with sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal waveforms are
introduced and evaluated. One of these methods-Cockcroft Walton Voltage
Multiplier (CWVM) has been used to increase the voltage of a filter, which is
also described in this paper as a practical application. The filter can
compensate for harmonic currents, power factor, and unbalance voltage.The
simulation results using Multisimare presented, showing that good dynamic
and steady-state response can be achieved with this approach.
Electric Power Converter with a Wide Input Voltage RangeIAES-IJPEDS
The electric power converter for downhole telemetry systems of oil-well
pumps include a downhole block connected to the pump that contains
electronic circuits required for the operation of the motor pump sensors
and transmission of data about their condition to the surface are described.
A few methods of electric power conversion for this purpose are considered.
The circuit contained two steps of voltage converting are proposed.
The electrical scheme of this method is considered in the article. Proposed
decisions are simulated and verified experimentally. The input high supply
voltage range (200-4200 V) without loss of efficiency (even temporary) was
obtained. The results of simulation and experimental studies have shown
very close results.
Design and Implementation of Real Time Charging Optimization for Hybrid Elect...IAES-IJPEDS
This document describes a proposed real-time charging optimization system for hybrid electric vehicles using an Android application. The system would provide information like the vehicle's battery state of charge and location to help users find and reserve charging slots. It would calculate estimated time and distance to charging stations to allocate parking. Emergency mobile charging stations would also be available. The hardware implementation monitors a battery's voltage using an Arduino board and communicates the state of charge to an Android device via Bluetooth. Algorithms are developed to predict if a destination can be reached based on state of charge and provide alternate routes to nearby charging stations if needed. The system aims to make electric vehicle charging more convenient and help users efficiently plan routes and charging.
Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Induction Motor Drive for Agriculture Pu...IAES-IJPEDS
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a photovoltaic induction motor drive system for water pumping applications without using batteries. The system uses a two inductor boost converter (TIBC) with a hysteresis controller and snubber circuit to boost the output voltage of the PV panel. This converter drives a three-phase inverter that powers an induction motor. The converter is controlled using fixed duty cycle switching along with MPPT and V/F control of the inverter and motor. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the system can drive the motor at different speeds corresponding to changes in solar irradiation levels measured by PV current.
Comparison of Sine and Space Vector Modulated Embedded Z-Source Inverter fed ...IAES-IJPEDS
This document compares the performance of a photovoltaic powered embedded Z-source inverter (EZSI) feeding an induction motor drive using either sine pulse width modulation (PWM) or space vector modulation (SVM). An EZSI provides single-stage power conversion from a DC source and can boost the output voltage above the input DC voltage. The document designs, models and simulates a PV-powered EZSI induction motor system in MATLAB/Simulink. The results show this drive system has advantages like voltage boosting ability and reduced harmonic content compared to a traditional voltage source inverter.
Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter with Simpler Basic Unit Cells for Photovolta...IAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents a single-phase multilevel inverter (MLI) with simpler
basic unit cells. The proposed MLI is able to operate in two modes, i.e.
charge mode to charge the batteries, and inverter mode to supply AC power
to load, and therefore, it is inherently suitable for photovoltaic (PV) power
generation applications. The proposed MLI requires lower number of power
MOSFETs and gate driver units, which will translate into higher cost saving
and better system reliability. The power MOSFETs in the basic unit cells
and H-bridge module are switched at near fundamental frequency, i.e. 100
Hz and 50 Hz, respectively, resulting in lower switching losses. For low total
harmonic distortion (THD) operation, a deep scanning method is employed
to calculate the switching angles of the MLI. The lowest THD obtained is
8.91% at modulation index of 0.82. The performance of the proposed MLI
(9-level) has been simulated and evaluated experimentally. The simulation
and experimental results are in good agreement and this confirms that the
proposed MLI is able to produce an AC output voltage with low THD.
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Road construction is not as easy as it seems to be, it includes various steps and it starts with its designing and
structure including the traffic volume consideration. Then base layer is done by bulldozers and levelers and after
base surface coating has to be done. For giving road a smooth surface with flexibility, Asphalt concrete is used.
Asphalt requires an aggregate sub base material layer, and then a base layer to be put into first place. Asphalt road
construction is formulated to support the heavy traffic load and climatic conditions. It is 100% recyclable and
saving non renewable natural resources.
With the advancement of technology, Asphalt technology gives assurance about the good drainage system and with
skid resistance it can be used where safety is necessary such as outsidethe schools.
The largest use of Asphalt is for making asphalt concrete for road surfaces. It is widely used in airports around the
world due to the sturdiness and ability to be repaired quickly, it is widely used for runways dedicated to aircraft
landing and taking off. Asphalt is normally stored and transported at 150’C or 300’F temperature
Open Channel Flow: fluid flow with a free surfaceIndrajeet sahu
Open Channel Flow: This topic focuses on fluid flow with a free surface, such as in rivers, canals, and drainage ditches. Key concepts include the classification of flow types (steady vs. unsteady, uniform vs. non-uniform), hydraulic radius, flow resistance, Manning's equation, critical flow conditions, and energy and momentum principles. It also covers flow measurement techniques, gradually varied flow analysis, and the design of open channels. Understanding these principles is vital for effective water resource management and engineering applications.
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This paper illustrates a control strategy for MPPT in a photovoltaic system using the P&O method
due to its straightforward, easy implementation and high performance characteristics as described in
section 2B. The proposed photovoltaic system consists of a solar panel, a DC-DC boost converter [13-17], an
MPPT sub-circuit to drive the boost converter, a DC-AC H-bridge inverter [18], an SPWM control circuit
[19-21] to operate the inverter, a step-up transformer and a low pass LC filter to produce harmonics free
output with a fundamental frequency of 50 Hz.
2. PROPOSED SYSTEM
2.1 Photovoltaic Panel Modeling
For modeling the photovoltaic panel, two physical models of solar modules are placed in series
using capacitors and reverse parallel diodes to provide the desired input to the system. The solar panel used
here is Resun Solar Energy‟s solar panel [22] under Standard Test Condition (STC). At STC condition of 25º
temperatures, and irradiance of 1000 W/m, the panel is simulated to give an output voltage of 24V. The
design parameters of the solar system are listed in Table 1. Moreover, a triangular voltage source of 24 Vp-p is
put in parallel with the panels to demonstrate the varying nature of panel voltage.
Table 1. Design parameters of solar system
Parameter Value
Number of cells 60
Standard Light Intensity, S0 1000W/m2
Reference Temperature, Tref 250
C
Series Resistance, Rs 0.0155Ω
Shunt Resistance, Rsh 1000Ω
Short Circuit Current, Isc 8.68
Temperature Coefficient, Ct 0.005454
2.2 Photovoltaic Panel Modeling
In the Perturb and Observe (P&O) method the operating voltage or current is perturbed and then
power is measured. The power calculated is observed to decide the direction of further changes in the voltage
or current. If change in power is positive then the voltage change is done in the same direction by a
constant K. On the other hand, if the power change is negative then change in voltage is done in the opposite
direction by a constant K. The flowchart of the P&O algorithm is drawn in Figure 1. Here we proposed a
simple analog subcircuit using logic gates to implement P&O technique as shown in Figure 2. This analog
subcircuit is suitable for them who are not familiar or feels uneasy with the microcontroller coding.
Here, logic „1‟ is set for „yes‟ in the algorithm and logic „0‟ is set for „no‟ [5]. The summarized truth
table of logic is listed in Table 2, with Vn+K=0 and Vn–K=1. Initially, this sub-circuit measures instantaneous
voltage (Vn) and current (In) and multiplies them to find the power (Pn) of the solar panel. The differentiator
calculates the change in power (dP) which can either be positive or negative, and feeds it to the comparator to
get either logic 0 or logic 1. The second differentiator calculates the change in voltage and repeats the same
operation. The logic values from both these conditions are given as input to XOR gate. The input logic
combination activates either dP>0 or dP<0 and this turns on the desired switch for either addition or
subtraction of voltage to or from the input voltage. The total voltage is then passed on to the third comparator
which compares it with a DC reference voltage. The output of this comparator is the PWM control signal
which is used to operate the boost converter. The PSIM circuit shown in Figure 2 demonstrates the P&O
method. The proposed MPPT sub-circuit helped to achieve the constant 312Vpeak ac at the inverter output
from the fluctuating solar panel voltage (~24V) by varying duty cycle of the boost converter.
Figure 3(a) shows the 24 Vp-p triangular input voltage (Vn) which represents the fluctuating voltage
of the solar panel and the Figure 3(b) shows the pulsating input power (Pn). The output voltage from the
summer (Vsum) and a DC reference voltage (Vref) are demonstrated in Figure 3(c). For clear verification, the
frequency of Vn is chosen to be low as 200 Hz and the simulation time is fixed to 0.008s. These three figures
help to understand the P&O algorithm. Since both voltage and power are increasing till approximately
0.0025s, Vn becomes incremented by 5V as K is given as 5V in the sub-circuit. Here K is considered as a
high value just to help in verifying the function of the P&O algorithm. After that as the voltage is decreasing
while power is increasing, 5V gets decremented from Vn. This addition and subtraction of voltage from
instantaneous input voltage depending on the combinations result in the graph in Figure 3(c). The reference
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voltage (Vref) is taken as 14V. The PWM signal generated by the process is shown in Figure 3(d), which is
used for switching the boost converter. In our design, as the voltage and power from the solar panel varies,
the duty cycle of switches also varies accordingly, as shown in Figure 3(d), using the MPPT control
mechanism to achieve the constant desired output voltage and power.
Figure 1. Flow chart of P&O algorithm
Table 2. P & O truth table
Condition Logic
Pn > Pn-1 1 1 0 0
Vn > Vn-1 1 0 1 0
Vn + K=0; Vn - K=1 0 1 1 0
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of MPPT in PSIM
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2.3 Design of DC-DC Boost Converter
A boost converter has been designed and implemented to the proposed system to step up the
unregulated voltage of the photovoltaic panel (~24V dc) to 48V DC, which is finally stepped up to a desired
output voltage for grid application (312Vpeak ac or 220Vrms) by using a step-up transformer. Figure 4 shows
the boost regulator using a MOSFET switch. The boost converter output (Vboost) of 48V from a varying dc
source (~24V) is demonstrated in Figure 5. Pulse width modulation (PWM) of gating signal is done using the
MPPT control strategy as described in section 2.2 and applied to the transistor. As the voltage varies, the duty
cycle also varies accordingly to produce the constant desired output voltage. The designed parameters for the
boost converter are listed in Table 3.
Table 3. Boost Converter‟s Parameters
Symbol Actual Meaning Value
Vin Given input voltage 24V
Vout Desired average output Voltage 48V
fs Minimum switching frequency 20KHz
D Duty cycle 0.5
ILMax Maximum inductor current 500A
∆IL Estimated inductor ripple current (2.6% of ILMax) 5A
∆Vout Desired output voltage ripple (0.1% of Vout) 0.1V
Iout Maximum output current(Vout/R) 4.8A
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Figure 3. (a) Triangular input voltage, (b) input power, and (c) the summer and reference voltages (d) PWM
pulses to the boost converter
Figure 4. Boost converter
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Figure 5. Boost converter output
Figure 5. H-bridge inverter with control circuit
2.4 H-Bridge Inverter
The H-bridge inverter [29-30] as shown in Figure 6 is used to convert the 312V DC voltage of the
boost converter to 312Vpeak AC (220Vrms) voltage which matches the specifications for grid connection [6].
Sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is used for operating the four transistors A, B, C, D.
In order to generate gating signals, a sinusoidal reference signal (Vr) is compared with a high
frequency triangular wave (Vc) called carrier signal. A 20 KHz frequency of Vc is considered for this model.
The value of the inverter output increases with an increase of modulation index, which is the ratio of two
signals expressed by the following equation:
(1)
2.5 Design of LC Low-Pass Filter
An LC low pass filter has been employed in the proposed system to prevent harmonics from being
injected to the grid. The requirement of the national grid of Bangladesh is 312Vpeak or 220Vrms with 50Hz
frequency. For a characteristic impedance of 30Ω and a cut-off frequency of 50Hz, the inductor capacitor
values are calculated by applying the equations (2) and (3) and are used in the proposed system.
(2)
√
(3)
The capacitor value of LC low-pass filter is calculated using equation (2) as
Putting the value of capacitor in equation (3), the inductor value of LC low-pass filter is calculated as
The 48V output of the low-pass filter is stepped up by using a step-up transformer as shown in
Figure 7 to have the peak output voltage of 312V or an rms voltage of 220V, which is the single-phase grid
voltage in Bangladesh.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The complete schematic of the proposed PV system for PSIM (Power SIMulation Software)
simulation is depicted in Figure 7. The output of the H-bridge inverter is shown in Figure 8(a) which is
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distorted and contains high frequency components with a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.707. In order
to reduce the harmonics at the output, the low pass L-C filter is designed and integrated with the proposed PV
system. Figure 8(b) shows a pure sinusoidal output voltage of 220Vrms at a frequency of 50Hz, which
emerges after passing through the low-pass LC filter. The THD is found to reduce significantly from 0.707 to
0.001 after filtering, which is much lower than the IEEE 519 standard.
Figure 7. Complete PSIM circuit of proposed PV system
The THD is calculated using the following equation:
√∑ (4)
The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the inverter output before filtering and after filtering can be
seen from Figure 9(a) and (b), respectively. The FFT reveals that before filtering additional harmonic spectra
is present with fundamental harmonic component at 50 Hz. However, after filtering the higher harmonics are
seen to disappear with only the 50 Hz component remaining. This indicates that a pure sinusoidal wave has
been generated.
The performance of the proposed photovoltaic inverter is tested by varying the output load from 5Ω
to 100Ω at an interval of 5Ω as shown in Figure 10. The testing result shows that the output current remains
almost constant with changing load, which confirms the applicability of the proposed PV system for dynamic
loads.
(a) (b)
Figure 8. (a) Output voltage before filtering and (b) after filtering
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(a) (b)
Figure 9. FFT of the inverter voltage (a) before filtering and (b) after filtering
Figure 10. Output current variations with increasing load
4. CONCLUSION
This paper puts forward the design and simulation of a transformer-less PV system with an
integrated maximum power point tracking (MPPT) with a sub-circuit using simple logic gates. This simple
design of MPPT sub-circuit will be helpful for the researchers who are not familiar with the microcontroller
coding. The designed MPPT circuit satisfies all the conditions of the P&O algorithm and accurately adds or
subtracts K to the input voltage as per demand of the situation to produce the output voltage as a perfect
sinusoidal wave with 220Vrms and 50 Hz. The THD is found to be a significantly small value of 0.001 after
filtering, which is much lower than the IEEE 519 standard. FFT of the inverter output before and after
filtering demonstrate the effectiveness of the filter. The output current remains almost constant with changing
load, which confirms the applicability of the proposed PV system for dynamic loads.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
M. Abdur Razzak received his MEng and PhD degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering
from Nagoya University, Japan, in 2003 and 2006, respectively. Currently, he is working as an
Associate Professor and Head of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department at
Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB). He has received a number of academic awards
including University Gold Medal (1995), HKUST Fellowship (1999), Japanese Government
Scholarship (2000-2006), IEEE Scholar Award (2005), Hori Information Promotion Award
(2005), and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Postdoctoral Fellowship Award
(2008). He has published more than 120 research papers in peer-reviewed journals, and
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international conference proceedings. He has been invited as a keynote speaker in a number of
international conferences and foreign universities. He was the Organizing Chair of the 2013 &
2015 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering and the Organizing
Secretary of the 2011 International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering held in
Dhaka, Bangladesh. He is also serving as the international program committee member and
reviewer of nore than a dozen peer-reviewed journals and international conferences. He is
serving as the expart member for graduate (MSc & PhD) examination committee both at home
and abroda. He is also serving as an editorial board member of the online journal titled Recent
Patents of Signal Processing. Currently he is serving as the mentor of IEEE IUB Student Branch
and Advisor of IEEE IAS Student Chapter at IUB. His research interests include signal
processing, power electronics and drives, embedded system, renewable energy technologies and
smart grid. He is a member of IEEE.
Wahida Taskin Bhuiyan received her BS degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from
North South University, Bangladesh and her MSc in Mechatronics from University of
Southampton, United Kingdom. She is currently working as a part-time Lecturer at North South
University and Independent University, Bangladesh. Her research interest lies in areas of Solar
Energy Conversion, Photovoltaic Inverter, Maximum Power Point Tracking, Power Electronics,
Microfluidics Technology, Mobile Healthcare Sensor, etc. Wahida was an Undergraduate
Teaching Assistant and also the Vice President of IEEE North South University student branch
during her undergraduate study.
Nawrin Islam Natasha received her Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering
from North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh with Magna Cum Laude in 2014 and currently
pursuing her M.Sc. in Electrical Engineering from University of Texas at Arlington, United
States of America. Her concentrations in M.Sc. are Embedded Systems, Digital and Analog
CMOS Design, MEMS and IC Fabrication. She worked as a Lab Instructor at North South
University from 2014 till 2015 also in the meantime worked as a Research Assistant under
Dr. M. AbdurRazzak. During her bachelor degree she worked as a Teaching Assistant at North
South University for a year. She has a recent research paper publication at 8th
International
Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (ICECE), December 2014 which is indexed
in IEEE eXplore. She was the recipient of 50% merit based tuition fee waiver during her
undergraduate program and achieved Daily Star Award for outstanding results both in Ordinary
Level and Advanced Level.
A.K.M. Muzahidul Islam was born in Bangladesh. He has received M.Sc. in Computer Science
and Engineering from Kharkiv National University of Radio Electronics, Ukraine, in 1999 and
D.Eng. in Computer Science and Engineering from Nagoya Institute of Technology, Japan in
2007. Dr. Muzahid has recieved Japanese Government Monbusho Scholarship (October 2002 -
March 2006). He has worked in various industries in Bangladesh and Japan for around SIX
and Half (6.50) years. Since January 2011, Dr. Muzahid is serving as a Senior Lecturer at
Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) of UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia
(UTM), Kuala Lumpur. His research interests include Network Achitecture, Communication
Protocol, Cognitive Radio Network, Wireless Sensor Network, and Network Security, whereas
teaching interests include Programming for Engineers, Software Engineering, Data structure and
Algorithm, Data Transmission, Network Engineering, etc. Dr. Muzahid has published over 60
international research publications (including peer-reviewed Journal and Conference Paper). He
has secured several National and International Research Grants and spupervised 04 PhD
students, 01 Masters student, and 02 BEng. Students through their graduation. He has served as
the Secretariat of the 7TH AUN/SEED-Net 2014 Int‟l Conference on EEE and is an Advisory
Member of ICBAPS2015, Malaysia. He has also served as the Communication Track Chair at
ICIEV15 and ICAEE 2015 Int‟l Conferences. He is serving as the Secretariat of ICaTAS 2016
Int‟l Conference, Malaysia and as the Program Chair of ICAICT 2016 Int‟l Conference,
Bangladesh. Dr. Muzahid is a Senior IEEE Member (SMIEEE) and is an IET Member with
Designatory Letters (MIET).
Muhamad Kamal Mohammed Amin has completed BEng in Communication from Denki
Tsushin University, Japan, MEngin Computer Science from Iwate University, Japan, and PhD in
Electrical Engineering from Aberdeen University, Scotland. He has received Japanese
Government Monbusho Scholarship Award 1996-1998 and JPA Look East Policy Scholarship
Award 1982-1990. Currently he is serving as a Senior Lecurer at Malaysia-Japan Int‟l Institute
of Tehnology (MJIIT) of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia. He has also served as
the Head of the Electronic Systems Engineering Department for Year 2013-2014.