This document describes a global maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for photovoltaic arrays under partial shading conditions. The algorithm uses an improved perturb and observe method to iteratively adjust the voltage input to a boost converter connected to the PV array in order to extract the maximum available power. Simulation and hardware results show the algorithm is able to track the global MPP under various non-uniform insolation patterns, outperforming conventional MPPT methods. The algorithm was tested on a PV array subjected to different insolation levels on each panel, and it successfully delivered the maximum available power to the load in each case with only around 2W of converter losses.
Development of a Novel Robust Differential Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT...IJSRP Journal
The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasingly growing in importance since they involve an exploitation of solar radiation constituting an energy source which is renewable, available in most places, and pollution-free. Despite their numerous advantages, PV systems have two major drawbacks: low energy conversion efficiency and loss of energy due to variations in meteorological conditions; for this reason, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control techniques play a key role in exploiting the maximum energy caught by PV modules. The output characteristic of a photovoltaic array is nonlinear and changes with solar irradiation and the cell’s temperature. Therefore, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is needed to draw peak power from the solar array to maximize the produced energy. In this study we have analyzed the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method and finding out a new and easier way to track maximum power point (MPP) and also our study is focused to overcome the drawbacks of MPPT. This research paper presents a novel MPP tracking method for tracking exact Maximum Power Point (MPP) if the irradiation or load changes.
Design and Analysis of Three Phase Inverter with Two Buck/Boost MPPTs for DC ...IJERA Editor
1) The document describes a three-phase inverter system with two buck/boost maximum power point trackers (MPPTs) for drawing power from photovoltaic (PV) arrays.
2) A key aspect is the use of a buck/boost MPPT topology that can operate in both buck and boost modes to accommodate a wide range of PV array voltages from 0-600V. This helps reduce voltage stress on the inverter.
3) The system aims to regulate the dc bus voltage, balance power flow between the dc and ac sides, and accommodate load variations using a droop regulation mechanism based on the inverter current levels. This helps reduce the size of dc bus capacitors needed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Grid-Connected Pv-Fc Hybrid System Power Control Using Mppt And Boost ConverterIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a method for operating a grid connected hybrid system. This system composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. As the variations occur in temperature and irradiation during power delivery to load, Photo voltaic (PV) system becomes uncontrollable. In coordination with PEMFC, the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Two operation modes are the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, can be applied to the hybrid system. All MPPT methods follow the same goal that is maximizing the PV system output power by tracking the maximum power on every operating condition. Maximum power point tracking technique (Incremental conductance) for photovoltaic systems was introduced to maximize the produced energy. The coordination of two control modes, coordination of the PV array and the PEMFC in the hybrid system, and determination of reference parameters are presented. The proposed operating strategy systems with a flexible operation mode change always operate the PV array at maximum output power and the PEMFC in its high efficiency performance band. Also thus improving the performance of system operation, enhancing system stability, and reducing the number of operating mode changes.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Single Phase Grid Connected PV System...Ali Mahmood
Ordinary technique fail to ensure successful tracking of the maximum power point under partial shading conditions (PSC). This performs in significant reduction in the power generated as well as the reliability of the photovoltaic energy production system. For the effective utilization of solar panel under partial shading condition (PSC), maximum power point tracking method (MPPT) is required.
3 ijaems nov-2015-9-microcontroller based constant voltage maximum power poin...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Microcontroller based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been presented for single phase stand alone or grid connected solar inverter applications. The PV array consists of only 12V cell arrangement, thereafter, Discrete Comparator Circuit, The PIC microcontroller P16F676 controls the high power switching devices in the proposed MPPT scheme. The Constant Voltage (CV) algorithm continuously searches for the PV voltages in the rapidly changing weather conditions. The less pin and housing microcontroller does it all for the proposed Constant Voltage (CV) MPPT algorithm. The MPAB Simulation proves a very good agreement with the discrete comparator and switching devices for grid voltage, back-up battery charging and temporary load shedding operation. Therefore, until and unless MPPT voltages are in the operating region, the scheme allows grid voltage and back-up battery charging.
This document presents a simulation model for modeling maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms in photovoltaic systems. The model includes a photovoltaic panel, buck converter, and MPPT controller implementing the incremental conductance algorithm. Simulation results show that using the MPPT controller increases power extraction by 26% compared to not using MPPT under changing irradiance conditions. The model effectively evaluates MPPT performance for photovoltaic systems under rapidly changing irradiance.
power management strategies for a grid-connected PV-FC Hybrid systemAsoka Technologies
This paper presents a method to operate a grid connected hybrid system. The hybrid system composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. The PV array normally uses a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to continuously deliver the highest power to the load when variations in irradiation and temperature occur, which make it become an uncontrollable source. In coordination with PEMFC, the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, can be applied to the hybrid system. The coordination of two control modes, the coordination of the PV array and the PEMFC in the hybrid system, and the determination of reference parameters are presented. The proposed operating strategy with a flexible operation mode change always operates the PV array at maximum output power and the PEMFC in its high efficiency performance band, thus improving the performance of system operation, enhancing system stability, and decreasing the number of operating mode changes.
Development of a Novel Robust Differential Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT...IJSRP Journal
The use of photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasingly growing in importance since they involve an exploitation of solar radiation constituting an energy source which is renewable, available in most places, and pollution-free. Despite their numerous advantages, PV systems have two major drawbacks: low energy conversion efficiency and loss of energy due to variations in meteorological conditions; for this reason, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control techniques play a key role in exploiting the maximum energy caught by PV modules. The output characteristic of a photovoltaic array is nonlinear and changes with solar irradiation and the cell’s temperature. Therefore, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is needed to draw peak power from the solar array to maximize the produced energy. In this study we have analyzed the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method and finding out a new and easier way to track maximum power point (MPP) and also our study is focused to overcome the drawbacks of MPPT. This research paper presents a novel MPP tracking method for tracking exact Maximum Power Point (MPP) if the irradiation or load changes.
Design and Analysis of Three Phase Inverter with Two Buck/Boost MPPTs for DC ...IJERA Editor
1) The document describes a three-phase inverter system with two buck/boost maximum power point trackers (MPPTs) for drawing power from photovoltaic (PV) arrays.
2) A key aspect is the use of a buck/boost MPPT topology that can operate in both buck and boost modes to accommodate a wide range of PV array voltages from 0-600V. This helps reduce voltage stress on the inverter.
3) The system aims to regulate the dc bus voltage, balance power flow between the dc and ac sides, and accommodate load variations using a droop regulation mechanism based on the inverter current levels. This helps reduce the size of dc bus capacitors needed.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Grid-Connected Pv-Fc Hybrid System Power Control Using Mppt And Boost ConverterIJERA Editor
This paper proposes a method for operating a grid connected hybrid system. This system composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. As the variations occur in temperature and irradiation during power delivery to load, Photo voltaic (PV) system becomes uncontrollable. In coordination with PEMFC, the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Two operation modes are the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, can be applied to the hybrid system. All MPPT methods follow the same goal that is maximizing the PV system output power by tracking the maximum power on every operating condition. Maximum power point tracking technique (Incremental conductance) for photovoltaic systems was introduced to maximize the produced energy. The coordination of two control modes, coordination of the PV array and the PEMFC in the hybrid system, and determination of reference parameters are presented. The proposed operating strategy systems with a flexible operation mode change always operate the PV array at maximum output power and the PEMFC in its high efficiency performance band. Also thus improving the performance of system operation, enhancing system stability, and reducing the number of operating mode changes.
Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Single Phase Grid Connected PV System...Ali Mahmood
Ordinary technique fail to ensure successful tracking of the maximum power point under partial shading conditions (PSC). This performs in significant reduction in the power generated as well as the reliability of the photovoltaic energy production system. For the effective utilization of solar panel under partial shading condition (PSC), maximum power point tracking method (MPPT) is required.
3 ijaems nov-2015-9-microcontroller based constant voltage maximum power poin...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Microcontroller based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) has been presented for single phase stand alone or grid connected solar inverter applications. The PV array consists of only 12V cell arrangement, thereafter, Discrete Comparator Circuit, The PIC microcontroller P16F676 controls the high power switching devices in the proposed MPPT scheme. The Constant Voltage (CV) algorithm continuously searches for the PV voltages in the rapidly changing weather conditions. The less pin and housing microcontroller does it all for the proposed Constant Voltage (CV) MPPT algorithm. The MPAB Simulation proves a very good agreement with the discrete comparator and switching devices for grid voltage, back-up battery charging and temporary load shedding operation. Therefore, until and unless MPPT voltages are in the operating region, the scheme allows grid voltage and back-up battery charging.
This document presents a simulation model for modeling maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms in photovoltaic systems. The model includes a photovoltaic panel, buck converter, and MPPT controller implementing the incremental conductance algorithm. Simulation results show that using the MPPT controller increases power extraction by 26% compared to not using MPPT under changing irradiance conditions. The model effectively evaluates MPPT performance for photovoltaic systems under rapidly changing irradiance.
power management strategies for a grid-connected PV-FC Hybrid systemAsoka Technologies
This paper presents a method to operate a grid connected hybrid system. The hybrid system composed of a Photovoltaic (PV) array and a Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. The PV array normally uses a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to continuously deliver the highest power to the load when variations in irradiation and temperature occur, which make it become an uncontrollable source. In coordination with PEMFC, the hybrid system output power becomes controllable. Two operation modes, the unit-power control (UPC) mode and the feeder-flow control (FFC) mode, can be applied to the hybrid system. The coordination of two control modes, the coordination of the PV array and the PEMFC in the hybrid system, and the determination of reference parameters are presented. The proposed operating strategy with a flexible operation mode change always operates the PV array at maximum output power and the PEMFC in its high efficiency performance band, thus improving the performance of system operation, enhancing system stability, and decreasing the number of operating mode changes.
Reactive Power Compensation in Distribution Network with Slide Mode MPPT Cont...IJRST Journal
This document discusses using a sliding mode controller with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for voltage control in a grid-connected photovoltaic power system. It begins with an introduction to solar energy and MPPT. It then describes the proposed system, which uses a sliding mode controller to balance power flow from the PV panel to the grid and load. Simulation results show the system maintaining constant voltage on both the grid and load sides while effectively utilizing the PV power. The design aims to improve on traditional voltage control mechanisms and improve system lifetime.
This document presents a summary of a student's project on designing a solar-powered boat using a distributed photovoltaic power system. The project involves designing the solar boat and determining its power requirements. It then discusses implementing multiple solar panels, batteries, and a cascaded maximum power point tracking controller. The document outlines the hardware design including the central MPPT controller and individual power optimizers. It also describes a modified quadratic maximization MPPT algorithm to track maximum power across multiple panels. Finally, it discusses integrating the full system and concludes that the solar-powered boat can improve efficiency and reduce costs compared to other energy systems.
Performance enhancement of maximum power point tracking for grid-connected ph...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a new variant of smart adaptive algorithm of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in the photovoltaic (PV) system. The algorithm was adopted from Modified Perturb and Observe (MP&O). The smart adaptive MPPT is used to search Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the PV system under various irradiance changes. This algorithm incorporates information of current change (ΔI), maximum operating point margin and dynamic perturbation step to prevent MPPT diverging away from the MPP and minimize the steady state oscillation. The smart adaptive MPPT algorithm performance is compared with the dI-P&O and conventional P&O to prove its effectiveness. The comparison is performed under the various gradient of irradiance change. It was found that, for all the tests, the smart adaptive algorithm scheme improve the tracking efficiency under various gradients of irradiance changes and increase the efficiency of extraction power from PV system.
IRJET- Application of Model Predictive Control in PV-STATCOM for Achieving Fa...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a method for using a PV solar inverter system as a PV-STATCOM to improve power quality by modifying the inverter controller. The PV-STATCOM can provide voltage regulation, power factor correction, and reduce harmonic distortion.
2) It replaces the conventional perturb and observe MPPT method with model predictive control to improve response during fast changing conditions. It also replaces PI controllers with neural network controllers to further improve response time.
3) Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the PV-STATCOM is able to correct voltage and current distortions caused by a rectifier load. It reduces harmonic distortion and improves power factor, with better performance when using model predictive control and neural network
A Survey on the Performance of the Various MPPT Techniques of Standalone PV G...IJSRD
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller is very important part of the solar generation system. This paper presents the basic need and the various methods and techniques of maximum power tracking (MPPT) control. Every technique of MPPT control is evaluated based on its ability to detect multiple maxima, efficiency of the output solar power, cost and way of implementation, rate of convergence etc. the Perturbation and Observation technique and Incremental conductance Technique are widely used in MPPT control due to their advantages.
Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for Photovoltaic SystemIJPEDS-IAES
In this study, a fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) based maximum power point tracking strategy has been applied for photovoltaic (PV) system. The key idea of the proposed technique is to combine the performances of the fuzzy logic and the sliding mode control in order to improve the generated power for a given set of climatic conditions. Different from traditional sliding mode control, the developed FSMC integrates two parts. The first part uses a fuzzy logic controller with two inputs and 25 rules as an equivalent controller while the second part is designed for an online adjusting of the switching controller’s gain using a fuzzy tuner with one input and one output. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach achieving maximum power point. The fuzzy sliding mode (FSM) controller takes less time to track the maximum power point, reduced the oscillation around the operating point and also removed the chattering phenomena that could lead to decrease the efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV Arrays using Different TechniquesIJERA Editor
The increasing demand for electricity and depleting fossil fuels made the solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems to be a better alternative for the future power requirements. The fact that the output of the PV system is dependent upon the solar irradiance and temperature demands a means to maximize the output of the PV system by continuously tracking the maximum power point(MPP) under changing atmospheric conditions. This paper presents the design and implementation of various techniques like perturb and observe (P&O) method, incremental conductance method, constant current method and constant voltage method. The performance of the techniques have been analyzed through simulation
Comparison of Maximum Power Point Technique for Solar Photovoltaic ArrayIRJET Journal
This document compares two maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques - incremental conductance and perturb and observe algorithms. It summarizes the modeling of a solar photovoltaic module and the use of a DC-DC converter along with an MPPT control mechanism to extract maximum available power from the solar panel under different irradiance conditions. The algorithms are implemented using MATLAB simulations. The perturb and observe algorithm uses duty cycle adjustments to approach the MPP based on the slope of the power-voltage curve. The incremental conductance method matches the PV array impedance to the converter impedance by increasing or decreasing duty cycle. A buck converter configuration is used for MPPT tracking in the simulations.
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are employed in photovoltaic (PV) systems to make full utilization of PV array output power, which have a complex relationship between ambient temperature and solar irradiation. The power-voltage characteristic of PV array operating under partial shading conditions (PSC) exhibits multiple local maximum power points (LMPP). In this paper, an advanced algorithm has been presented to track the global maximum power point (GMPP) of PV. Compared with the Perturb and Observe (P&O) techniques, the algorithm proposed the advantages of determining the location of GMPP whether partial shading is present.
Development and Analysis of Fuzzy Control for MPPT Based Photovoltaic SystemIJERD Editor
This document presents a study on developing and analyzing a fuzzy control system for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic system. It proposes using a modified perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm with a fuzzy controller to track the maximum power point under varying conditions. The system is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that the fuzzy controlled P&O method produces smoother output power with less fluctuation compared to the conventional P&O method.
Nonlinear Current Controller for a Single Phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic S...IRJET Journal
This document presents a nonlinear current control method for a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. Partial feedback linearization is used to design the controller, which linearizes the system partially and enables controller design. The controller regulates the inverter switches to track the reference current from the maximum power point tracking system. Simulation results show the proposed controller performs well under changing conditions like atmospheric changes and faults, regulating the grid current better than hysteresis control. Experimental validation of the control scheme is also presented.
Photovoltaic subpanel converter system With Mppt controltheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The document discusses a new maximum power point tracker (MPPT) using the Perturb & Observe algorithm to improve the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic systems. It presents a mathematical model of a photovoltaic module and boost converter. A simulation is conducted using Matlab/Simulink that shows the proposed MPPT control avoids tracking deviations and improves performance under changing conditions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed power tracking strategy with quick response times and stable DC output.
Improving efficiency of Photovoltaic System with Neural Network Based MPPT Co...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Real Time Implementation of Variable Step Size Based P&O MPPT for PV Systems ...IJPEDS-IAES
Nowadays Solar energy is an important energy source due to the energy crisis and environment pollution. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm improves the utilization efficiency of a photovoltaic systems. In this paper an improved P&O MPPT algorithm is developed and simulated using MATLAB / SIMULINK to control the DC/DC buck converter. The obtained simulink model is also verified using dspace tool. Both the simulated and experimental results are validated by also comparing them with conventional MPPT methods. The performance measures show the increase in the efficiency of PV system by the proposed model.
This document compares the performance of an artificial neural network trained with genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) data and a fuzzy logic controller for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in a grid-connected photovoltaic system. The ANN-GA method uses a genetic algorithm to optimize training data for an artificial neural network controller. Simulation results in Matlab/Simulink show that the ANN-GA controller produces power with fewer fluctuations around the maximum power point and extra power compared to the fuzzy logic controller under different irradiance and temperature conditions. The ANN-GA method also regulates the PV output power well with the grid-connected inverter.
Integral Backstepping Control for Maximum Power Point Tracking and Unity Powe...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a robust control strategy for a grid connected photovoltaic system with a boost converter by using an integral Backstepping method based on a nonlinear state model, which guarantees the Lyapunov stability of the global system. The system has tracked precisely the maximum power point, with a very fast response and the unit power factor has been observed under different atmospheric conditions. Moreover, the best advantage of the controller is that it’s a good corrector of the grid perturbation and system parameter disturbance. The simulation result has demonstrated the performance of this strategy.
DESIGN A TWO STAGE GRID CONNECTED PV SYSTEMS WITH CONSTANT POWER GENERATION A...Journal For Research
The many Different techniques for Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic arrays are discussed. This constant power generation is produced by limiting to a set limit around the MPPT, which makes the panel to reach around the MPPT, this makes the voltage and the current to stabilize so oscillations are reduced. These methods provide a better efficiency but suffer from sudden solar irradiance changes. Hence to alleviate the issues of the variation power a robust controller based on the Input Output Linearizer along with the constant power control is introduced. This controller can ensure a fast transition between maximum power point tracking regardless of the solar irradiance levels, high performance and stable operation are always achieved by the proposed control strategy. It can regulate the PV output power according to any set point and force the PV systems to operate around MPPT which enhances the efficiency.
This document provides a summary of a conference paper presented at the 1st International Conference on Electrical Energy and Systems in Annaba, Algeria from October 22-24th, 2013. The paper proposes a new maximum power point tracker (MPPT) using the Perturb and Observe algorithm to improve the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power systems. Simulation results show that the proposed MPPT control method can avoid tracking deviations and improve both dynamic response and steady-state performance. Key aspects of the photovoltaic system model, boost converter design, proposed MPPT control algorithm, and simulation results demonstrating tracking of maximum power points are summarized.
This document presents a study that uses artificial neural networks (ANN) and genetic algorithms (GA) to improve the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a grid-connected photovoltaic system under different operating conditions. GA is used to optimize the data and determine the optimal voltage corresponding to the maximum power point. This optimized data is then used to train the ANN. The trained ANN is able to track the maximum power point with fewer fluctuations compared to conventional MPPT methods. A grid side p-q controller is also implemented to control both the line voltage and current and allow active and reactive power exchange with the grid. Simulation results in Matlab/Simulink demonstrate the effectiveness of the ANN-GA controller
Integrated energy management converter based on maximum power point tracking...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an integrated power control system for photovoltaic systems based on maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The architecture presented in this paper is designed to extract more power from photovoltaic panels under different partial obscuring conditions. To control the MPPT block, the integrated system used the ripple correlation control algorithm (RCC), as well as a high-efficiency synchronous direct current (DC-DC) boost power converter. Using 180 nm complementary metal-oxidesemiconductor (CMOS) technology, the proposed MPPT was designed, simulated, and layout in virtuoso cadence. The system is attached to a twocell in series that generates a 5.2 V average output voltage, 656.6 mA average output current, and power efficiency of 95%. The final design occupies only 1.68 mm2 .
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a two-level control system to improve maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in photovoltaic systems. The first level uses ripple correlation control to calculate the duty cycle for maximum power output. The second level uses model reference adaptive control to eliminate transient oscillations in output voltage caused by duty cycle changes. Simulation results showed the system converges rapidly to the maximum power point with minimal output voltage oscillation under changing environmental conditions.
Reactive Power Compensation in Distribution Network with Slide Mode MPPT Cont...IJRST Journal
This document discusses using a sliding mode controller with maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for voltage control in a grid-connected photovoltaic power system. It begins with an introduction to solar energy and MPPT. It then describes the proposed system, which uses a sliding mode controller to balance power flow from the PV panel to the grid and load. Simulation results show the system maintaining constant voltage on both the grid and load sides while effectively utilizing the PV power. The design aims to improve on traditional voltage control mechanisms and improve system lifetime.
This document presents a summary of a student's project on designing a solar-powered boat using a distributed photovoltaic power system. The project involves designing the solar boat and determining its power requirements. It then discusses implementing multiple solar panels, batteries, and a cascaded maximum power point tracking controller. The document outlines the hardware design including the central MPPT controller and individual power optimizers. It also describes a modified quadratic maximization MPPT algorithm to track maximum power across multiple panels. Finally, it discusses integrating the full system and concludes that the solar-powered boat can improve efficiency and reduce costs compared to other energy systems.
Performance enhancement of maximum power point tracking for grid-connected ph...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a new variant of smart adaptive algorithm of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in the photovoltaic (PV) system. The algorithm was adopted from Modified Perturb and Observe (MP&O). The smart adaptive MPPT is used to search Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the PV system under various irradiance changes. This algorithm incorporates information of current change (ΔI), maximum operating point margin and dynamic perturbation step to prevent MPPT diverging away from the MPP and minimize the steady state oscillation. The smart adaptive MPPT algorithm performance is compared with the dI-P&O and conventional P&O to prove its effectiveness. The comparison is performed under the various gradient of irradiance change. It was found that, for all the tests, the smart adaptive algorithm scheme improve the tracking efficiency under various gradients of irradiance changes and increase the efficiency of extraction power from PV system.
IRJET- Application of Model Predictive Control in PV-STATCOM for Achieving Fa...IRJET Journal
1) The document presents a method for using a PV solar inverter system as a PV-STATCOM to improve power quality by modifying the inverter controller. The PV-STATCOM can provide voltage regulation, power factor correction, and reduce harmonic distortion.
2) It replaces the conventional perturb and observe MPPT method with model predictive control to improve response during fast changing conditions. It also replaces PI controllers with neural network controllers to further improve response time.
3) Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink show that the PV-STATCOM is able to correct voltage and current distortions caused by a rectifier load. It reduces harmonic distortion and improves power factor, with better performance when using model predictive control and neural network
A Survey on the Performance of the Various MPPT Techniques of Standalone PV G...IJSRD
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller is very important part of the solar generation system. This paper presents the basic need and the various methods and techniques of maximum power tracking (MPPT) control. Every technique of MPPT control is evaluated based on its ability to detect multiple maxima, efficiency of the output solar power, cost and way of implementation, rate of convergence etc. the Perturbation and Observation technique and Incremental conductance Technique are widely used in MPPT control due to their advantages.
Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control for Photovoltaic SystemIJPEDS-IAES
In this study, a fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) based maximum power point tracking strategy has been applied for photovoltaic (PV) system. The key idea of the proposed technique is to combine the performances of the fuzzy logic and the sliding mode control in order to improve the generated power for a given set of climatic conditions. Different from traditional sliding mode control, the developed FSMC integrates two parts. The first part uses a fuzzy logic controller with two inputs and 25 rules as an equivalent controller while the second part is designed for an online adjusting of the switching controller’s gain using a fuzzy tuner with one input and one output. Simulation results showed the effectiveness of the proposed approach achieving maximum power point. The fuzzy sliding mode (FSM) controller takes less time to track the maximum power point, reduced the oscillation around the operating point and also removed the chattering phenomena that could lead to decrease the efficiency of the photovoltaic system.
Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV Arrays using Different TechniquesIJERA Editor
The increasing demand for electricity and depleting fossil fuels made the solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems to be a better alternative for the future power requirements. The fact that the output of the PV system is dependent upon the solar irradiance and temperature demands a means to maximize the output of the PV system by continuously tracking the maximum power point(MPP) under changing atmospheric conditions. This paper presents the design and implementation of various techniques like perturb and observe (P&O) method, incremental conductance method, constant current method and constant voltage method. The performance of the techniques have been analyzed through simulation
Comparison of Maximum Power Point Technique for Solar Photovoltaic ArrayIRJET Journal
This document compares two maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques - incremental conductance and perturb and observe algorithms. It summarizes the modeling of a solar photovoltaic module and the use of a DC-DC converter along with an MPPT control mechanism to extract maximum available power from the solar panel under different irradiance conditions. The algorithms are implemented using MATLAB simulations. The perturb and observe algorithm uses duty cycle adjustments to approach the MPP based on the slope of the power-voltage curve. The incremental conductance method matches the PV array impedance to the converter impedance by increasing or decreasing duty cycle. A buck converter configuration is used for MPPT tracking in the simulations.
Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms are employed in photovoltaic (PV) systems to make full utilization of PV array output power, which have a complex relationship between ambient temperature and solar irradiation. The power-voltage characteristic of PV array operating under partial shading conditions (PSC) exhibits multiple local maximum power points (LMPP). In this paper, an advanced algorithm has been presented to track the global maximum power point (GMPP) of PV. Compared with the Perturb and Observe (P&O) techniques, the algorithm proposed the advantages of determining the location of GMPP whether partial shading is present.
Development and Analysis of Fuzzy Control for MPPT Based Photovoltaic SystemIJERD Editor
This document presents a study on developing and analyzing a fuzzy control system for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic system. It proposes using a modified perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm with a fuzzy controller to track the maximum power point under varying conditions. The system is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. Simulation results show that the fuzzy controlled P&O method produces smoother output power with less fluctuation compared to the conventional P&O method.
Nonlinear Current Controller for a Single Phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic S...IRJET Journal
This document presents a nonlinear current control method for a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. Partial feedback linearization is used to design the controller, which linearizes the system partially and enables controller design. The controller regulates the inverter switches to track the reference current from the maximum power point tracking system. Simulation results show the proposed controller performs well under changing conditions like atmospheric changes and faults, regulating the grid current better than hysteresis control. Experimental validation of the control scheme is also presented.
Photovoltaic subpanel converter system With Mppt controltheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The document discusses a new maximum power point tracker (MPPT) using the Perturb & Observe algorithm to improve the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic systems. It presents a mathematical model of a photovoltaic module and boost converter. A simulation is conducted using Matlab/Simulink that shows the proposed MPPT control avoids tracking deviations and improves performance under changing conditions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed power tracking strategy with quick response times and stable DC output.
Improving efficiency of Photovoltaic System with Neural Network Based MPPT Co...IJMER
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IJER_2013_308
1. International Journal of Engineering Research (ISSN : 2319-6890)
Volume No.2, Issue No.3, pp : 219-223 01 July 2013
IJER@2013 Page 219
Global Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Array under Partial
Shaded Conditions
G. Shobana, P. Sornadeepika, Dr. R. Ramaprabha
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
SSN College of Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, Kalavakkam-603110, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
1
gshobana92@gmail.com, 2
sornaponnan@gmail.com, 3
ramaprabhar@ssn.edu.in
Abstract - Efficiency of the PV module can be improved by
operating at its peak power point so that the maximum power
can be delivered to the load under varying environmental
conditions. This paper is mainly focused on the maximum
power point tracking of solar photovoltaic array (PV) under
non uniform insolation conditions. A maximum power point
tracker (MPPT) is used for extracting the maximum power
from the solar PV module and transferring that power to the
load. The problem of maximum power point (MPP) tracking
becomes a problem when the array receives non uniform
insolation. Cells under shade absorb a large amount of electric
power generated by cells receiving high insolation and convert
it into heat which may damage the low illuminated cells. To
relieve the stress on shaded cells, bypass diodes are added
across the modules. In such a case multiple peaks in voltage-
power characteristics are observed. Classical MPPT methods
are not effective due to their inability to discriminate between
local and global maximum. In this paper, Global MPPT
algorithm is proposed to track the global maximum power point
of PV array under partial shaded conditions.
Key Words - PV systems, Boost power converters, MPPT,
MATLAB
I. INTRODUCTION
Photovoltaic power generation systems have infinite energy
resources and are environment friendly technology. But low
efficiency and high cost per unit output power is the biggest
problem of these systems. Accommodation of PV panels in the
roof top creates a practical constraint of “partially shaded
condition” or “Non uniformly illuminated array condition”. The
power-voltage characteristic of photovoltaic arrays operating
under partial shading conditions exhibits multiple local maximum
power points due to the usage of bypass diodes [1]-[2]. The
bypass diode is connected in parallel with each PV module/ group
of cells to protect the PV cells against efficiency degradation and
hot-spot failure effects. So the MPP tracking algorithm which is
able to track global MPP (GMPP) is essential to improve the
efficiency of PV arrays. Choice of the apt algorithm from all that
available is the biggest challenge.
The MPPT algorithm that is based on a Fibonacci sequence
does not provide accurate GMPP [3]. The particle swarm
optimization (PSO) [4], Genetic algorithms [5] and differential
evolution [6] global MPPT are complex, increase the
implementation cost and are unable to guarantee the
discrimination between local and global MPP, unless the PV array
output power is measured at a large number of operating points. A
new method to track the GMPP of PV array operating under
partial shading conditions of standalone system is done by
iteratively controlling the voltage input to the converter using
improved perturb and observe ( P&O) algorithm. The PV array is
connected to a Boost power converter, which is controlled by a
microcontroller based control unit to produce pulses for making
load matching. This method guarantees convergence to the global
MPP under any partial shading conditions, with significantly less
PV array power perturbation steps than those obtained using other
techniques. This method can easily be incorporated into any
existing MPPT control system in both high and low-power energy
harvesting applications.
II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
This section provides the modelling of PV system and design of
the converter with MPPT.
A. MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PV SYSTEM
A group of solar PV cells together form the PV power
generation system. The modelling of PV system has been done
using the equations presented in [1], [3]. Simulation model has
been developed using MatLab-Simulink. For isolation,
G = 1000 W/m2
and temperature, T = 370
C the characteristics of
PV panel consisting of 36 cells in series with peak watt of 37.08
W is shown in Fig 1.
Fig 1. Simulated Characteristics of PV system
B. DESIGN OF CONVERTER FED FROM MPPT ALGORITHM
The boost converter fed from the MPPT algorithm is used to
provide a load matching. The proposed GMPP algorithm is used
to feed the load with a fixed reference value from the given set of
insolation and temperature conditions. The relationship between
the output voltage and the input panel voltage is given by (1).
)D1(
PV
V
oV
(1)
where D is the converter duty cycle or the duty ratio that signifies
the on time of the power converter. (D > 1) where T is the total
time period, Ton is the switching time period, Toff is the off time
2. International Journal of Engineering Research (ISSN : 2319-6890)
Volume No.2, Issue No.3, pp : 219-223 01 July 2013
IJER@2013 Page 220
period of IGBT (T=Ton+Toff). So the boost converter is fed by
means of a control pulse from the pulse width modulated signal
obtained by the comparison of the triangular voltage waveform
and the error signal from the proportional integral (PI) controller.
III. PROPOSED GLOBAL MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING
SYSTEM
Schematic diagram of the proposed global MPPT system is
depicted in Fig 2. Depending on the PV system application
domain, boost type dc-dc power converter is used to interface the
PV array output power to load. PV array consisting of three
panels is connected to a dc-dc boost converter [7]-[10], which is
controlled by a microcontroller based control unit, such that it
behaves as a constant input-power load. The proposed GMPPT
provides a reference voltage. This voltage is compared with the
terminal voltage of the PV array under partial shade. This error
voltage is applied to the PI Controller to improve the system’s
gain and steady state tracking accuracy. The output voltage of the
PI Controller thus produced is compared with a triangular input
and given to the boost converter as input voltage to be boosted.
The continuous tracking of the maximum power point of the
power voltage characteristics is taken care of by the GMPPT
algorithm that decides the reference voltage to the be compared
with PV output voltage.
Fig 2. Schematic diagram of the proposed model
The Proposed algorithm does not require the knowledge of
electrical characteristics of PV modules and their configuration
within PV array. The use of specialized sensors for the
measurement of PV array open circuit voltage or short circuit
current is not required. The cost of implementation is reduced.
This algorithm guarantees the discrimination between local and
global maximum power points thereby preventing losses.
Flowchart of the proposed global MPPT control algorithm is
shown as in Fig.3. Initially, the global MPPT process is
performed in order to detect the position of the global MPP of the
PV array [1]. During that phase of the proposed algorithm, the
power converter control method is set such that the power
converter operates as an adjustable constant input-power load.
The power drawn by the dc-dc Boost converter is iteratively
increased by appropriately adjusting the amplitude of the Vic
control signal output by the D/A converter is given in (2)
)k(cV)1k(cV)k(cV
(2)
Vc (k) and Vc (k − 1) are the Vc signal values at steps k and k−1,
respectively (initially Vc (0) = 0), and ΔVc is the constant
perturbation applied [1].
Fig 3. Flowchart of MPPT algorithm
Increasing the value of ΔVc results not only in a reduction of
time required to detect the PV array global MPP , but also reduce
the ability of the algorithm to discriminate local and global MPP
s of similar power levels. At each step, the PV array operating
voltage is measured and stored in the microcontroller memory.
This process is repeated until the maximum voltage point is
reached, where the PV array output power increment is inhibited.
This condition indicates that photovoltaic array output power
measured during the previous step of the algorithm corresponds
to the global MPP. Then, the dc-dc converter duty cycle is
iteratively reduced until the PV array output voltage is regulated
to the global MPP. Only Photo voltaic array output voltage is
measured in order to perform this process. The procedure
presented previously is applied periodically (e.g., 1–15 min) to
detect the position of the global MPP of the PV array. Then, the
P&O MPPT algorithm is executed in order to maintain operation
at the previously detected global MPP during the short-term
variations of solar irradiation and the ambient temperature
conditions. During the P&O MPPT process, the dc-dc converter
average input power is calculated by measuring the PV array
output voltage and current. The resulting value is compared with
the input power measured during the previous iteration of the
algorithm. The duty cycle of the converter is computed by (3) and
(4).
kD1kDkD (3)
)1k,pvPk,pvP(sign)1kD(signCkD (4)
ΔDk is the duty cycle change at step k; Ppv,k and Ppv,k−1 are the
photovoltaic array output power levels at steps k and k−1,
respectively, C; is the constant determining the speed and
accuracy of convergence to the MPP point ; and the function
sign(x) is defined as
3. International Journal of Engineering Research (ISSN : 2319-6890)
Volume No.2, Issue No.3, pp : 219-223 01 July 2013
IJER@2013 Page 221
0x,1
0x,1
)x(sign (5)
The duty cycle is changed continuously according to the P&O
algorithm, resulting in steady-state operation around the global
MPP. It is observed that compared with past-proposed methods,
using the algorithm presented will result in a much faster
convergence to the global MPP.
IV. RESULTS AND TABLES
Under non-uniform insolation condition, the P-V characteristic
of PV array exhibits a multiple local maxima and only one of
them corresponds to global MPP. The non-uniform insolation
condition is obtained by giving three different insolation
condition (G1=1000 W/m2
, G2=800 W/m2
, G3=500W/m2
) and
constant temperature T=37o
C to each PV panel. The following
electrical characteristics were observed. PV array characteristics
under non-uniform insolation condition are shown in Fig 4.
Fig 4. Characteristics of PV array under non-uniform insolation
condition
Similarly the simulation is performed for various insolation
pattern and the desired values of panel voltage (Vm), panel
current (Im), panel power (Pm) is found. Various shading patterns
are tabulated in table as shown in Table 1. The corresponding
voltage, current and power at both PV side and load side are
tabulated in Table 2 and Table 3. From these tables, it is
observed that for different insolation set, the proposed algorithm
tracks the maximum power. Also it is inferred from the Table 3,
the losses occur in the MPP tracker and it is approximately 2 W.
Table 1. Set values under various non uniform insolation
conditions
Set No. G1(W/m2
) G2(W/m2
) G3(W/m2
)
1 700 500 300
2 800 300 500
3 900 300 600
4 1000 500 800
5 1000 700 300
6 1000 800 900
7 1000 900 500
8 1000 1000 1000
Table 2.Output Vs Input Values for different shading pattern
Set No. VPV(V) VOUT(V) IPV(A) IOUT(A)
1 24.86 47.98 1.232 0.599
2 24.95 48.16 1.236 0.602
3 29.08 56.26 1.441 0.703
4 32.00 64.00 1.62 0.784
5 31.62 61.25 1.563 0.765
6 40.30 78.30 2.02 0.978
7 33.35 64.64 1.64 0.808
8 45.52 88.54 2.22 1.107
Table 3. Output Power Vs Input Power for different shading
pattern
Set No. Pm(W) PPV(W) P0(W)
1 38 30.61 28.78
2 35 30.83 28.99
3 42 41.89 39.57
4 56 52.87 50.23
5 51 49.43 46.9
6 83 81.01 76.63
7 56 54.49 52.23
8 102 101 97.99
The simulation of proposed algorithm is done. The panel is
subjected to various non-uniform insolation conditions are
performed. The non-uniform insolation condition is obtained by
giving three different insolation condition (G1=1000 W/m2
,
G2=800 W/m2
, G3=500W/m2
) and constant temperature T=37o
C
to each PV panel. Fig 5, Fig 6 and Fig 7 represent the voltage,
current and power.
Fig 5. PV Array and Output voltages for Set 4
Fig 6. PV Array and Output currents for Set 4
4. International Journal of Engineering Research (ISSN : 2319-6890)
Volume No.2, Issue No.3, pp : 219-223 01 July 2013
IJER@2013 Page 222
Fig 7. PV Array and Output powers for Set 4
V.THE HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
Fig 8 shows the schematic diagram of the proposed model where
the solar photovoltaic panel is replaced by the equivalent circuit
model with the five parameters of VPV, IPV, VSH, ISH, ID. Thus
the constant power is delivered to the load (that is constant power
that the panel is capable of producing is delivered to the load) by
means of this MPPT tracker. The Hardware implementation is
shown in Fig 9.
Fig 8. Schematic diagram of the proposed model
Fig 9. Hardware set up of Fig 8
The hardware implementation is done for the same non - uniform
insolation level (i.e. G1=920W/m2
, G2=510W/m2
, G3=602W/m2
) using Digital Signal Oscilloscope is shown in the Fig 13. The
output Voltage measured from DSO is 89.18 V as shown in Fig
14. PV array power and output power are measured by
flukemeter. Flukemeter readings are shown in the Fig 12.
Fig 10. Hardware result obtained from the Digital Signal
Oscilloscope.
Fig 11. Output voltage obtained from DSO
Fig 12. Power at PV side and Output side
From Fig 12, it is observed that the proposed algorithm tracks
the maximum power that is input power is equal to output power
which in turn equal to maximum power for that particular
condition. Also it is observed that there is 2 W converter losses.
VI. CONCLUSION
The developed GMPPT will be available to apply for a large
scale industrial application in roof top as well as domestic
applications due to its adaptability under both high and low
power applications including the factors of frequently changing
ambient temperature and solar irradiation. This algorithm seems
to be a more efficient method compared with other conventional
algorithm because it does not need the knowledge of the electrical
characteristics unlike the classical algorithms. With a large
number of real time data, the proposed method can be converted
as a neural network trained method with proper training and
tuning of the network.
VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors wish to thank the management of SSN College of
Engineering, Chennai for providing internal funding to carry out
this work.
5. International Journal of Engineering Research (ISSN : 2319-6890)
Volume No.2, Issue No.3, pp : 219-223 01 July 2013
IJER@2013 Page 223
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