Group no -05 discusses Kumana National Park in Sri Lanka. Kumana National Park is located 391 km southeast of Colombo along Sri Lanka's southeastern coast. It is an important bird sanctuary and wetland that provides feeding and resting habitats for many threatened species. However, the park faces threats from poaching, gem mining, logging, agriculture, and invasive species. Conservation efforts have included managing grazing lands, conserving small water ponds, and erecting electric fences to protect wildlife.

1. Group no -05
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2. name Register no
Rathnayeke RMPCS AG/GT/2012/3503
Paranagamage LC AG/GT/2012/3504
Dasanayeke RPK AG/GT/2012/3506
Jayaweera NJST AG/GT/2012/3507
Wijerathna RMCD AG/GT/2012/3508
Rajatheja MKJC AG/GT/2012/3509
Kajaluxshie E AG/GT/2012/3510
Hazzana MRF AG/GT/2012/3511
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3.  Location of Kumana National Park
 Importance
 Biodiversity
 Threats to the park
 Conservation
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6.  391 Km (243 miles)
southeast of Colombo on
Sri Lanka's southeastern
coast
 Kumana is neighboring
with Yala National Park.
Before name - Yala
East
National park
Now –kumana
(in 5 September 2006)
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7.  Kumbukkan Oya forms the southern
boundary.
 Some 20 lagoons and tanks support
the extensive birdlife .
 The lagoons are shallow with depths
less than 2 meters (6.6 ft).
 Kumana villu is subject to occasional
flood with seawater.
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8.  The elevation of the area ranges from sea level
to 90 metres (300 ft).
 The mean annual temperature is 27.30 °C
annual rainfall 1300mm
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10.  Kumana National Park’s
name brings grand birds to
the minds –
because it is addressed
as one of the most
important bird nesting and
feeding areas of Sri Lanka.
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11.  attract wildlife visitors to
the park –
 its undisturbed, wild,
and calm environment
 turtles peacefully lay
their eggs and where
birds walk calmly in the
lagoons and tanks.
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12.  Sri Lanka makes the tropical island a
major bird watching destination in the world –
Kumana National Park is the most
important and most popular bird sanctuary in
Sri Lanka.
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14.  Setup and store
sediment
 helps to hold & store
moisture
 Carry contaminants and
nutrient
 Store water
 Reduce flood damage
 Reduce erosion
 Recharge aquifer
 Store ,hold , slowly
release water
 Maintain surface flow
in river and streams
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15.  Filter and buffer water
 Uptake nutrients by riparian plants
 Reduce water quality issues
 Maintain biodiversity
 Create and maintain habitats
 Maintain high no of individual and species
 Create primary productivity
 Enhance soil development
 Capture the recycle nutrients
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17.  The park's wetland areas are surrounded by
dry zone tropical thorn forest.
 The inland forest's flora is dominated by
 Manilkara hexandra ( "Palu"),
 Bauhinia racemosa(“maila”)
 Cassia fistula ( "Ehela"),
 Chloroxylon swietenia ( "Burutha"),
 Salvadora persica(toothbrush tree)
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Ehela
burutha palu

19.  The dominant tree of the Kumana villu is
Sonneratia caseolaris (Crabapple mangrove),
 while Typha angustifolia(type of bulrush) is the
dominant reed.
 Terminalia arjuna(aralu) trees dominate the
riverine forests along the Kumbukkan Oya.
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20.  The common aquatic plants of the swamp are
colourful Ludwigia spp.,
Nelumbo nucifera (lotus),
Nymphaea pubescens (water lily),
Aponogeton spp.
Neptunia oleracea (Water Mimosa).
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21.  Kumana Bird Sanctuary, declared in 1938
 255 species of birds have been recorded in the
national park.
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22.  During April–July months tens of thousands of
birds migrate to the Kumana swamp area
annually.
 Rare species such as
 Black-necked Stork,
 Lesser Adjutant,
 Eurasian Spoonbill, and
 Great Thick-knee are breeding
inhabitants of the Kumana villu.
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23.  Waders belonging to families Scolopacidae and
Charadriidae are among the visitors to the area
along with waterfowl.
 Pintail Snipes migrate here flying 9,000
kilometres to 11,000 kilometres from Siberia.
 the bird species migrate here,
 White-breasted Waterhen,
 Pheasant-tailed Jacana,
 Glossy Ibis,
 Great Egret,
 Black-crowned Night Heron,
 Little Egret,
 Little Grebe
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24.  Among the rare birds that
migrate to the swap include
 Yellow-footed Green Pigeon,
 Malabar Trogon,
 Red-faced Malkoha,
 Sirkeer Malkoha.
 Pacific Golden Plover,
 Lesser Sand Plover,
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25.  Tilapia and Mullet are the commonly fish
varieties in the area while Channa spp. are also
caught occasionally.
 Mugger Crocodile, Indian Flap-shelled Turtle
and Indian Black Turtle are the common
reptiles inhabiting the park.
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26.  Mammals such as Golden Jackal, Wild Boar, Sri
Lankan Elephant, European Otter, and Fishing
Cat also visit the swamp to feed.
 The number of elephants traveling in the
Kumana is estimated at 30–40
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Wild Boar Golden Jackal

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28.  The number of birds observed in the national
park has fallen in recent years.
 The main threats to the park,
 Poaching,
 gem mining,
Gems are mined along the Menik River and holes
created by gem mining which extend up to 30 m can
be seen along the Kumbukkan Oya
 logging,
 encroachment by agriculture,
chena cultivation
burning
 free-roaming domestic livestock
entering 28

29.  other conservation issues
 Cultivation of tobacco
 the uncontrolled tourism
 noise and air pollutions
 commercialization
 tourism’s vehicles harassing wild animals
 The growth of invasive alien species such
as Lantana camara, Opuntia dillenii, Chromolaena
odorata is threatening the native plants.
 The wildlife is poached and disturbed by the
fishermen.
 turtles are caught in fishing nets
 the fishermen also litter the beach with debris
 set traps inland and dig up turtle nests
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30.  Impact of 2004 tsunami
 The tsunami caused severe but localized damage on
the park
 The main habitats affected were scrub forest,
grasslands and wetland are directly affected by the
tsunami.
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32.  The site provides feeding and resting habitats
for a large number of threatened wetland
species.
 The site consists of a huge biodiversity .
 productive coastal wetlands support a
successful near-shore fishery that includes
commercially important crustaceans.
 The site is famous for its historical values.
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33.  Department of Wildlife Conservation has
taken some conservation measures such as,
 management of grazing lands,
 conservation of small water ponds,
 irradiation of invasive alien species.
 electric fence was erected to prevent elephants from
moving into nearby villages.
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34.  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumana_National_Park
 http://www.srilanka-expr
 http://www.explorevacations.lk/about-srilanka.
htm
ess.com/srilanaka_National_park.html
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