The document discusses Karnaugh maps (k-maps), a graphical method for minimizing boolean expressions, initially invented by Maurice Karnaugh in 1953. It outlines the advantages of k-maps, such as simplicity in representation and ease of implementation, and explains different types of k-maps alongside simplification techniques using sum of products (SOP) and product of sums (POS) expressions. Additionally, it mentions the handling of don't care conditions to further simplify logical expressions.

2. Introduction
Advantages of Karnaugh map(k-map)
S.O.P & P.O.S
Properties
Process of simplification
Types of K-maps
Logic simplifications by different K-maps
Don’t care condtions
Refrences

3. > Also known as K-map.
> Invented by MAURICE – KARNAUGH in 1953.
> A graphical way of minimizng boolean
expressions.
> Consists tables and rows represented by 0’s
& 1’s.

4. >Data representation’s simplicity.
>The K-map simplification technique is simpler
and less error-prone
>Changes Easy and Convenient to implement.
>Reduces the cost and quantity of logical gates.

5. >The SOP (Sum of Product) expression represents
1’s .
>SOP form such as (A.B)+(B.C).
>The POS (Product of Sum) expression represents the
low (0) values in the K-Map.
>POS form like (A+B).(C+D)

8. >An n-variable K-map has 2n cells with n-
variable truth table value.
>Adjacent cells differ in only one bit .
>Each cell refers to a minterm or
maxterm.
>For minterm m ,maxterm M and don’t
care of we place 1 , 0 , x .

9. >No diagonals.
>Only 2^n cells in each group.
>Groups should be as large as possible.
>A group can be combined if all cells of
the group have
same set of variable.
>Overlapping allowed.
>Fewest number of groups possible.

10. ** Two variable k-map >In this type, the
variables are arranged in pairs of one..
** Three variable k-map>In this type,the
variables are arranged in order of one
and two..
for example ,if the variables a.b.c are to be used in k-map then
a will be isolately
Arranged from b&c.
** Four variable k-map>In this type,the
variables are arranged n the pairs of
two..

14. >Minterms that may produce either
0 or 1 for the function.
>Marked with an ‘x’
in the K-map.
>These don’t-care conditions can
be used to provide further simplification.

16. >Wikipedia
>Digital Design by MORRIS MANNO

17. #include<stdio.h>
main()
{
printf(“Thankyou
Everyone”);
}

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