Dr Paul Blatchford, Scientist at Plant & Food Research, New Zealand, presentation at the 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/kiwifruit-driven-microbiota-metabolites-and-implications-for-human-health/
The research presented attempts to understand how kiwifruit impacts upon microbial composition and metabolism in the human large bowel using in vitro fermentation systems.
Health and Immune Function Benefits of Kiwifruit Derived Vitamin C by Dr Anit...Kiwifruit Symposium
Dr Anitra Carr, Researcher at University of Otago, New Zealand, presentation at 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/health-and-immune-function-benefits-of-kiwifruit-derived-vitamin-c/
Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient. Unlike most animals, we have lost the ability to synthesise our own vitamin C and must therefore obtain it from our diet. Fresh fruit and vegetables are the best source of vitamin C, and regular and adequate daily intake of vitamin C is required to prevent marginal vitamin C status (hypovitaminosis C) and the potentially fatal deficiency disease scurvy. Kiwifruit are an outstanding source of vitamin C with one kiwifruit providing twice the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) of vitamin C.
Dr Carlene Starck, Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Riddet Institute, New Zealand: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/kiwifruit-and-digestive-comfort-in-vitro-and-in-vivo-supporting-evidence/
Presentation at the 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health.
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) hosts a number of beneficial properties for gut health. In addition to its high fibre content, water holding capacity and levels of the vitamins C and E, its consumption has been reported to provide relief of symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort.
Kiwifruit – A Double Agent for Glycaemic Control and Nutrient Enhancement by...Kiwifruit Symposium
Dr John Monro, Principal Scientist at Plant & Food Research, New Zealand, presentation at 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/kiwifruit-double-agent-glycaemic-control-and-nutrient-enhancement/
A ripe kiwifruit is a luscious, sweet, carbohydrate-rich food – the kind of food that would be expected to raise blood glucose concentrations. However, kiwifruit is also nutrient dense and capable of promoting health in numerous ways.
Overview of the Health Benefits of Vitamin C by Prof Margreet VissersKiwifruit Symposium
Prof Margreet Vissers, Research Professor at University of Otago, New Zealand: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/overview-of-the-many-health-benefits-of-vitamin-c/
Presented at 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health.
Vitamin C is essential for life, and humans obtain this nutrient exclusively through the diet. It functions inside the cells in our bodies, where it plays an important role in supporting many essential processes. One kiwifruit a day gives the daily requirement of vitamin C.
Moving into the Post-MetagenomicEra of Gut Microbiome ResearchJonathan Clarke
Julian Marchesi's presentation slides from our previous Microbiome R&D and Business Collaboration Forum. For information about this years event please visit http://www.globalengage.co.uk/microbiota.html
Health and Immune Function Benefits of Kiwifruit Derived Vitamin C by Dr Anit...Kiwifruit Symposium
Dr Anitra Carr, Researcher at University of Otago, New Zealand, presentation at 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/health-and-immune-function-benefits-of-kiwifruit-derived-vitamin-c/
Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient. Unlike most animals, we have lost the ability to synthesise our own vitamin C and must therefore obtain it from our diet. Fresh fruit and vegetables are the best source of vitamin C, and regular and adequate daily intake of vitamin C is required to prevent marginal vitamin C status (hypovitaminosis C) and the potentially fatal deficiency disease scurvy. Kiwifruit are an outstanding source of vitamin C with one kiwifruit providing twice the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) of vitamin C.
Dr Carlene Starck, Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Riddet Institute, New Zealand: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/kiwifruit-and-digestive-comfort-in-vitro-and-in-vivo-supporting-evidence/
Presentation at the 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health.
Kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) hosts a number of beneficial properties for gut health. In addition to its high fibre content, water holding capacity and levels of the vitamins C and E, its consumption has been reported to provide relief of symptoms of gastrointestinal discomfort.
Kiwifruit – A Double Agent for Glycaemic Control and Nutrient Enhancement by...Kiwifruit Symposium
Dr John Monro, Principal Scientist at Plant & Food Research, New Zealand, presentation at 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/kiwifruit-double-agent-glycaemic-control-and-nutrient-enhancement/
A ripe kiwifruit is a luscious, sweet, carbohydrate-rich food – the kind of food that would be expected to raise blood glucose concentrations. However, kiwifruit is also nutrient dense and capable of promoting health in numerous ways.
Overview of the Health Benefits of Vitamin C by Prof Margreet VissersKiwifruit Symposium
Prof Margreet Vissers, Research Professor at University of Otago, New Zealand: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/overview-of-the-many-health-benefits-of-vitamin-c/
Presented at 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health.
Vitamin C is essential for life, and humans obtain this nutrient exclusively through the diet. It functions inside the cells in our bodies, where it plays an important role in supporting many essential processes. One kiwifruit a day gives the daily requirement of vitamin C.
Moving into the Post-MetagenomicEra of Gut Microbiome ResearchJonathan Clarke
Julian Marchesi's presentation slides from our previous Microbiome R&D and Business Collaboration Forum. For information about this years event please visit http://www.globalengage.co.uk/microbiota.html
Renée Wilson, Registered Dietitian and PhD Candidate at University of Otago, New Zealand. Presented at the 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/diet-microbiota-and-metabolic-health/
This cross-sectional pilot study aims to determine whether or not there are any differences between the gut microbiota of people with normal glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
An Ecophylogenetic Approach to Determine the Evolutionary History of the Mamm...tsharpton
Identifying those gut microbes that co-diversify with mammals is important to our understanding of the mechanisms and health implications of host-microbiome interactions. For example, microbiota that are conserved across mammalian species may express a trait that has been subject to selection throughout the evolution of these mammals, possibly because it is critical to health. While advances in environmental DNA sequencing have transformed our understanding of how enteric microbes are distributed across mammalian species, these data are frequently analyzed using phylogenetically agnostic approaches. Such approaches can obscure the detection of diverged groups of bacteria that have been conserved across mammalian species. To provide enhanced resolution into evolutionary associations between gut microbiota and mammals, we innovated a high-throughput ecophylogenetic method, known as ClaatTU (Cladal Taxonomic Units). ClaaTU analyzes phylogenies assembled from environmental DNA sequences collected from a set of microbial communities and profiles the presence and abundance of each monophyletic clade in each community. As a result, it enables the identification of specific microbial clades that are distributed across host communities in a manner indicative of being associated with mammalian evolution. To demonstrate this, we applied ClaaTU to a mammalian microbiome dataset and (1) identified clades of gut bacteria that are unique to groups of mammals based on their taxonomy or dietary regime, (2)
found that there exists ecophylogenetic structure in the mammalian gut microbiome, indicating that gut bacterial phylogenetic diversity associates with host phylogeny, and
(3) discovered specic clades that are present in a larger number of mammals than expected by chance, some of which may co-diversify with their hosts. Our findings indicate that some mammalian gut microbiota may have been anciently acquired and subsequently retained in extant lineages, indicating that they may play an important role in mediating host-microbiome interactions and maintaining host health.
Dr. Tom Burkey - Host-Microbe Interactions: Effects on nutrition and physiologyJohn Blue
Host-Microbe Interactions: Effects on nutrition and physiology - Dr. Tom Burkey, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, from the 2014 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 15-16, 2014, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-leman-swine-conference-material
Ankylosing Spondylitis the gut and the bugs: an integrative approach to treat...IFSMED
Rheumatologist Dr. Alex Shikhman makes the connection between ankylosing spondylitis and the gut. Offering natural dietary supplements to help manage many of the side effects associated with the disease
Fruits and Vegetables in a Healthy Diet by Prof Jaap SeidellKiwifruit Symposium
Prof Jaap Seidell, Full Professor at the VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Presented at the 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/fruits-and-vegetables-in-a-healthy-diet/
An epidemic of chronic non-communicable diseases is sweeping the globe. It is afflicting especially vulnerable
groups in urban settings. Upstream factors include societal problems such as loss of social cohesion, chronic stress, poverty and unhealthy food environments.
Functional Digestive Disorders and the Role of Diet by Giovanni BarbaraKiwifruit Symposium
Prof. Giovanni Barbara, Professor of Medicine and Gastroenterology at the University of Bologna, Italy: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/functional-gastrointestinal-disorders-and-the-role-of-diet/
Roughly 30% of the population is affected by at least one of the several functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) with functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic constipation (CC) being the most common.
Renée Wilson, Registered Dietitian and PhD Candidate at University of Otago, New Zealand. Presented at the 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/diet-microbiota-and-metabolic-health/
This cross-sectional pilot study aims to determine whether or not there are any differences between the gut microbiota of people with normal glucose tolerance, pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
An Ecophylogenetic Approach to Determine the Evolutionary History of the Mamm...tsharpton
Identifying those gut microbes that co-diversify with mammals is important to our understanding of the mechanisms and health implications of host-microbiome interactions. For example, microbiota that are conserved across mammalian species may express a trait that has been subject to selection throughout the evolution of these mammals, possibly because it is critical to health. While advances in environmental DNA sequencing have transformed our understanding of how enteric microbes are distributed across mammalian species, these data are frequently analyzed using phylogenetically agnostic approaches. Such approaches can obscure the detection of diverged groups of bacteria that have been conserved across mammalian species. To provide enhanced resolution into evolutionary associations between gut microbiota and mammals, we innovated a high-throughput ecophylogenetic method, known as ClaatTU (Cladal Taxonomic Units). ClaaTU analyzes phylogenies assembled from environmental DNA sequences collected from a set of microbial communities and profiles the presence and abundance of each monophyletic clade in each community. As a result, it enables the identification of specific microbial clades that are distributed across host communities in a manner indicative of being associated with mammalian evolution. To demonstrate this, we applied ClaaTU to a mammalian microbiome dataset and (1) identified clades of gut bacteria that are unique to groups of mammals based on their taxonomy or dietary regime, (2)
found that there exists ecophylogenetic structure in the mammalian gut microbiome, indicating that gut bacterial phylogenetic diversity associates with host phylogeny, and
(3) discovered specic clades that are present in a larger number of mammals than expected by chance, some of which may co-diversify with their hosts. Our findings indicate that some mammalian gut microbiota may have been anciently acquired and subsequently retained in extant lineages, indicating that they may play an important role in mediating host-microbiome interactions and maintaining host health.
Dr. Tom Burkey - Host-Microbe Interactions: Effects on nutrition and physiologyJohn Blue
Host-Microbe Interactions: Effects on nutrition and physiology - Dr. Tom Burkey, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, from the 2014 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, September 15-16, 2014, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2014-leman-swine-conference-material
Ankylosing Spondylitis the gut and the bugs: an integrative approach to treat...IFSMED
Rheumatologist Dr. Alex Shikhman makes the connection between ankylosing spondylitis and the gut. Offering natural dietary supplements to help manage many of the side effects associated with the disease
Fruits and Vegetables in a Healthy Diet by Prof Jaap SeidellKiwifruit Symposium
Prof Jaap Seidell, Full Professor at the VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Presented at the 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/fruits-and-vegetables-in-a-healthy-diet/
An epidemic of chronic non-communicable diseases is sweeping the globe. It is afflicting especially vulnerable
groups in urban settings. Upstream factors include societal problems such as loss of social cohesion, chronic stress, poverty and unhealthy food environments.
Functional Digestive Disorders and the Role of Diet by Giovanni BarbaraKiwifruit Symposium
Prof. Giovanni Barbara, Professor of Medicine and Gastroenterology at the University of Bologna, Italy: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/functional-gastrointestinal-disorders-and-the-role-of-diet/
Roughly 30% of the population is affected by at least one of the several functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) with functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic constipation (CC) being the most common.
Everyday Good Health: The Nutrient Rich Way by Lynley DrummondKiwifruit Symposium
Lynley Drummond, Director of Drummond Food Science Advisory, New Zealand. Presented at the 1st International Symposium on Kiwifruit and Health: http://www.kiwifruitsymposium.org/presentations/everyday-good-health-the-nutrient-rich-way/
This presentation considers the role of fruit, in particular kiwifruit, in the diet and how the nutrient-rich, and phytonutrient-rich properties can contribute to the improvement of health outcomes
Neutraceuticals - Probiotics, Prebiotics & SynbioticsMayur D. Chauhan
The following presentation is only for quick reference. I would advise you to read the theoretical aspects of the respective topic and then use this presentation for your last minute revision. I hope it helps you..!!
Mayur D. Chauhan
Telehealth Psychology Building Trust with Clients.pptxThe Harvest Clinic
Telehealth psychology is a digital approach that offers psychological services and mental health care to clients remotely, using technologies like video conferencing, phone calls, text messaging, and mobile apps for communication.
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
4. Health benefits
Glycaemic impact Vitamin C
Prebiotic effects?Laxation
Immune benefits
Prebiotic definition
‘a selectively fermented ingredient that results in specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the
gastrointestinal microbiota, thus conferring benefit(s) upon host health’ (Gibson et al., 2010)
5. KIWIFRUIT
• Kiwifruit contain 2-3% non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) such as pectic polysaccharides,
hemicellulose and cellulose
• The NSP escape digestion by human enzymes and reach the colon relatively unmodified.
Here they become substrates for bacterial fermentation
The following work used green-fleshed Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa
`Hayward’ (Zespri® Green Kiwifruit) and gold-fleshed Actinidia chinensis
var. chinensis `Zesy002’ (Zespri® SunGold Kiwifruit)
6. GUT MICROBIOTA
• The human gut microbiota has strong associations with many aspects of human health
• The colon is an active site of fermentation:
- short chain fatty acids (SCFA)
- branched chain fatty acids (BCFA)
- gases (hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane)
• Acetate, propionate, butyrate as well as lactate, formate, succinate etc..
8. • Mimics the large bowel microbial community
• Several variables can be controlled:
- pH
- temperature
- O2
• 10% w/v faecal slurry
• Typically run in triplicate with different faecal donors
• Run for 24 – 48 hours
IN VITRO PH-CONTROLLED BATCH CULTURE GUT MODEL
9. IN VITRO FERMENTATION STUDY 1
• Batch culture gut models (in vitro) conducted with green and gold kiwifruit
- 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Gas Chromatography, NMR Spectroscopy
Kiwifruit fermentation drives positive gut microbial and metabolic changes irrespective of initial microbiota composition.
P Blatchford, H Stoklosinski, G Walton, J Swann, G Gibson, R Gearry, J Ansell, Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre, 2015.
12. ORGANIC ACIDS BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
µmol/mL
µmol/mL
µmol/mL
0 5 10 24 48
Time (h)
0 5 10 24 48
Time (h)
0 5 10 24 48
Time (h)
13. IN VITRO FERMENTATION STUDY 2
Batch culture gut models (in vitro) with gold kiwifruit
- 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Gas Chromatography, LC-MS
In vitro characterisation of the fermentation profile and prebiotic capacity of gold-fleshed kiwifruit
P Blatchford, K Bentley-Hewitt, H Stoklosinski, T McGhie, R Gearry, G Gibson, J Ansell, Beneficial Microbes, 2015.
18. • Despite notable donor inoculum differences, kiwifruit was able to drive the microbial profile towards more
commensal genera
• Kiwifruit supplementation in vitro promoted the commensal Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides spp. and
Bifidobacterium spp.
• The kiwifruit-driven increase of commensal bacteria in the in vitro models resulted in a propionate-
enriched environment
• Organic acids and polyphenols can survive SGD and may act as substrates for bacterial fermentation
CONCLUSIONS
19. • What fractions of kiwifruit are responsible for causing the microbial and metabolic effects presented in
this work?
• What is the effect of other kiwifruit-derived metabolites that escape simulated gastrointestinal
digestion and reach the colon?
We know polysaccharides are principal drivers of microbiota composition
• Organic acids - Quinic acid, malic acid, citric acid
• Polyphenols – E-caffeoyl-3-glucoside, E-caffeoyl-4-glucoside etc...
• Fatty acids – Linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid
UNANSWERED QUESTIONS…
22. Thanks!
• To Riddet and Zespri for the opportunity to present at this forum
• To everyone in the Food, Nutrition and Health group at PFR, Palmerston North
• Supervisors – Juliet Ansell, Richard Gearry, Glenn Gibson
QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU
Paul Blatchford
Paul.Blatchford@plantandfood.co.nz
064 6 3556164