types of urinary alterations

1. COMMON
TYPES OF
URINARY
ALTERATIONS
ANILKUMAR BR
LECTURER MSN

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3. Urgency
– Feeling of need to void immediately

4. Cause of urinary urgency
– Full bladder
– Infection and irritation of the bladder
– Hyperactive bladder
– Psychological stress

5. Dysuria
– Painful or difficult urination

6. Causes if dysuria
– Inflammation of the bladder
– Trauma or inflammation if urethral
sphincter

7. Frequency
– Voiding at frequent intervals (less than 2 hrs)

8. Causes of urinary frequency
– High amount of fluid intake
– Bladder inflammation
– Increased pressure in bladder
– Diuretic medications therapy

9. Hesitancy
– Difficulty initiating urination

10. Causes if hesitancy
– BPH
– Anxiety
– Urethral edema

11. Polyuria
– Voiding or passing large amount of urine

12. Causes of polyuria
– Large amounts of fluid intake
– Diabetes mellitus ( DM)
– Diabetes insipedus
– Using of diuretic medications

13. Oliguria
– Decreased urinary output less than 400
ml/24 hrs

14. Causes of oliguria
– Severe dehydration
– Renal failure
– UTI
– Increased ADH secretion
– CHF

15. Nocturia
– Voiding one or more times especially at night

16. Causes of nocturia
– Large amount of fluid intake before going to bed
– Renal disease
– Aging process
– BPH

17. Dribbling
– Leakage if urine despite voluntary control of
urination

18. Causes of dribbling
– Stress incontinence
– Over flow from urinary retention

19. Incontinence
– Involuntary loss of urine

20. Causes if incontinence
– Loss if pelvic muscle tone
– Fecal impaction
– Neurological impairment
– Overactive bladder

21. Hematuria
– Blood in urine

22. Retention
– Accumulation of urine in the bladder,with
inability if bladder to empty fully

23. Causes of retention
– Urethral obstruction
– Decreased sensory activity
– Neurogenic bladder
– BPH
– Post anesthesia effects
– Medications side effects

24. Residual urine
– Volume if urine remaining after voiding
more than 100ml

25. Causes
– Inflammation and irritation if bladder mucosa
from infection
– Neurogenic bladder
– BPH
– Trauma and inflammation of the urethra

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