human kidney is a vital organ in our body than helps removes waste and extra water from the blood (as urine) etc.

1. KIDNEY

2. Outline
 Definition of kidney, it’s structure and function
 Kidney disease, the causes, the sign and symptoms,
and the treatment
 Food that are good and bad for your kidney
 Tips to help your kidney health
 What is urine and what does it’s colour says about
your health.

3. What is Kidney
 The kidneys are a pair of reddish- brown bean-shaped
organs found in vertebrates.
 It is located high in the abdominal cavity, one on either
side of the spine, below the ribs and behind the belly.
 The asymmetry within the abdominal cavity, caused by
the position of the liver, typically result in the right kidney
being slightly lower and smaller than the left and being
placed slightly more to the middle than the left kidney.
 Each kidney is about 4 to 5 inches long in adult human,
roughly the size of a large fist.
 Each kidney is attached to a ureter, a tube that carries
excreted urine to the bladder where it is stored
temporarily before disposal by urination via the urethra.

4. Structure of the Kidney

5. Function of the kidney
 The Kidney removes waste and extra water from the
Blood(as urine)
 help keep chemicals (such as sodium, potassium and
calcium) balanced in the body.
 The kidney also make hormones that help control
blood pressure and stimulate bone marrow to make
red blood cells
 Regulation of pH
 Regulation of ion concentrations

6. GLOMERULUS
 The glomerulus is a network of small
blood vessels known as a tuft, located at
the beginning of a nephron in the
kidney.
 The glomerulus is an integral part of the
nephron, the basic unit of the kidney.
Each nephron is capable of forming urine
by itself, and each kidney has
approximately a million nephrons. The
specific function of each glomerulus is to
bring blood (and the waste products it
carries) to the nephron.
 Glomerular filtration is the process that
your kidneys use to filter excess fluid and
waste products out of the blood into the
urine collecting tubules of the kidney, so
they may be eliminated from your body.

7. Nephrons
 A nephron is the basic unit
of structure in the kidney.
 It consist of a glomerulus
and its associated tubule,
through which the
glomerular filtrate passes
before emerging as urine.
 It separates water, ions and
small molecules from the
blood, filter out wastes and
toxins, and return needed
molecules to the blood

8. Types of kidney disease
The term kidney disease refers to any disease, disorder, or
condition that affects the kidneys.
1. Kidney stone, also known as renal calculus
2. Polycystic kidney Disease or PKD
3. Nephrotic Syndrome
4. Glomerulonephritis
5. Fabry Disease
6. Diabetic Nephropathy
7. IgA Nephropathy (Berger’s Disease)
8. Alport Syndrome
9. Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
10. Kidney cancer

9. Causes of Kidney disease
The kidneys can also be damaged by
 Overuse or abuse of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen and
naproxen sodium
 taking illegal drugs such as heroin
 heavy metal poisoning, such as lead poisoning
 Smoking
some disease that cause damage to the kidney
 Diabetes
 High blood pressure
 Glomerulonephritis
 Intestinal nephritis
 Vesicoureteral reflux
 renal artery stenosis
 Obesity
 Abnormal genes
 Autoimmune diseases.
 Bacterial infection

10. Signs and Symptoms of
kidney disease
 Loss of appetite
 Vomiting
 Swelling of feet and ankles
 Urinate more often
 Urine is foamy
 Urinate with blood
 Shortness of breath
 High blood pressure
 Fatigue and weakness
 Nausea
 Muscles twitches and cramps
 Dry and itchy skin
 Sleep problems
 Tired and having problems concentrating

11. Treatment for Kidney disease
Treatment for early stage
 Reducing high blood pressure.
 Reducing cholesterol level
 Treating anaemia
Treatment for late-stage kidney disease
 Dialysis
 Kidney transplant

12. Types of food that helps
repair your kidney
 Cauliflower
 Garlic
 Onions
 Apple
 Cranberries
 Blueberries
 Raspberries
 Cabbage
 Red bell pepper
 Green beans
 Cereals
 Breads
 Vegetables
 Kale
 Asparagus
 Fatty fish
 Carrots
 Red grapes
 Pumpkin seeds

13. limit eating these if you have
kidney disease
 Banana
 Potatoes
 Spinach
 Orange
 Meat
 Egg
 Milk
 Cheese
 beans
 Gelatin dessert and
fluids
 Alcohol
 Ice cream
 Chocolate
 Frozen food
 Canned food
 Fast food
 tomato

14. Tips to help your kidney
health
 Keep active and fit
 Control your blood sugar
 Drink plenty of water
 Monitor weight and eat a healthy diet
 Monitor blood pressure
 Stop smoking
 Limiting alcohol intake
 Getting enough sleep
 Maintaining a healthy weight
 Exercise regularly
 Take a balance diet

15. What is Urine
 Liquid excrement consisting of water, salt and urea, which is
made in the kidneys, stored in the bladder, then released
through the urethra
 The colour of the urine is caused by the pigment urochrome,
also known as urobilin. (Urochrome is a pigment that causes the
yellow colour in urine. It is a breakdown product of the blood’s
haemoglobin and is removed by the kidneys.
 Whether your urine is diluted by water or in a more
concentrated form determines the appearance of the of the
pigment.
 The more water you drink, and the more hydrated you become,
the lighter the pigment in your urine.

16. What the colour of your urine
says about your health
TRANSPARET
Sign of over hydration.
PALE YELLOW
Means a person is healthy
and hydrated
TRANSPARENT YELLOW
Normal
DARK YELLOW
Normal but needs to drink more
water
BROWNISH ORANGE Sign
of dehydration or a
possible sign of liver disease
PINKISH RED
Possible a sign of kidney disease,
UTI or tumor
BLUE OR GREEN
sign of a rare genetic disease
FOAMY
Sign of kidney disease

17. Thanks for
watching
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