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KATH-KUNI HOUSING
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- 2. VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE THE ARCHITECTURESTYLE THAT IS BASED ON THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS: LOCAL NEEDS AVAILABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS LOCAL TRADITIONS SKILL OF LOCAL BUILDERS VERNA MEANS NATIVE ARCHITECTURE MEANS DESIGN OF BUILDINGS VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
- 3. SOME VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURESTYLES IN INDIA JAISELMER-RAJASTAN LADKAK-KASHMIR NALUKETTU-KERALA POLL HOUSES- AHMEDABAD BHUNGAS-GUJARAT TODA HUTS-KARNATAKA
- 4. VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE ANDRANDOM HOUSING
- 5. KATH-KUNI VERNACULAR STYLE KATH-KUNIIS AN INDIGENOUS CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE IN HIMACHAL PRADESH KATH-KUNI KATH MEANS WOOD KUNI MEANS CORNER THE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING A WALL USING WOOD AT THE CORNER AS A MAJOR STRUTURAL ELEMENT
- 6. WHY KATH-KUNI VERNACULARSTYLE THIS ARCHIITECTURE STYLE HAS THE FOLLOWING CHARACTERISTICS: ECO-FRIENDLY KEEP COLD OUT EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH IT IS A TRADITIONAL TECHNIQUE THAT USES ALTERNATING LAYERS OF LONG THICK WOODEN LOGS AND STONE MASONRY, HELD IN PLACE USUALLY WITHOUT USING MORTAR.
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- 8. CLIMATIC INFLUENCES • HIMACHALPRADESH HAVE VERY COLD CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. • DUE TO COLD CLIMATE,THE SOUTHERN SLOPES ARE PREFERRED • THE ORIENTATION OF THE HOUSES IS TO MAXIMIZE THE PENETRATION OF THE SUN RAYS • THE PATH OF THE SUN CONTROLS THE HEIGHT OF BUILDING,AS THE SUN IS NEEDED FOR EACH DWELLING UNIT • THE HIEGHT OF THE ROOMS IS 2.1-2.4M WHICH RESULTS IN LOW SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO REDUCING HEAT LOSS FROM SURFACES • SMALL WINDOW SIZE TO PREVENT HEAT LOSS • SLOPED TERRACE FOR EFFICIENT DRAINAGE OF RAINFALL AND SNOWFALL 50cm
- 9. BUILDING MATERIALS MUD DEODARWOOD STONE • WOODEN POSTS • WINDOWS • BEAMS • DOORS • ROOFS • AS A BINDING MATERIAL • MUD BLOCKS FOR WALLS • FOUNDATION • WALLS • ROOF BUILDING MATERIAL AND THE USAGE IN CONSTRUCTION
- 10. SOCIO-CULTURE PEOPLE PEASANTS (RAJPUTS) ARTISIANS SCHEDULED CASTES PEOPLE CARRYINGTHE IDOL IN FESTIVAL DAYS PEOPLE GATHERING AT TEMPLE ON FESTIVAL DAYS CARVED WOODEN PORTION OF A WALL PEOPLE GATHERING AT STREETS AND CARRYING THE IDOL IN FESTIVAL DAYS WOODEN CARVING
- 12. ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS SITING • FOUNDIN FLAT AND SLOPED AND HILLY AREAS • THEY DO NOT SHARE COMMON WALLS WITH ADJACENT BUILDINGS. • THE TYPICAL DISTANCE FROM A NEIGHBORING BUILDING IS 2.0 - 4.0 METERS. TWO STOREY HOUSES WITH OUT ANI BOUNDERIES SETTELMENT PATTERN
- 13. ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS BUILDING CONFIGURATION •THE RATIO BETWEEN BOTH DIMENSIONS VARIES BETWEEN 1.1 AND 1.4 • THE UPPER TWO FLOORS ADDITIONALLY HAVE EXTERNAL BALCONIES WHICH ARE CONSTRUCTED WITH A WOODEN RAILING • THE BALCONIES ARE SUPPORTED BY CANTILEVERING WOODEN LOGS OF THE FLOORING SYSTEM • BUILDINGS REST UPON A STONE-FILLED PLATFORM OUT OF DRY STONE MASONRY CONTINUATION OF THE FOUNDATION TRENCH PROJECTED WOODEN BALCONY CANTILEVER SUPPORTS OF BALCONY
- 14. ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS BUILDING CONFIGURATION INTHE LOWER PART, THE WALLS CONSIST ORTHOGONALLY ARRANGED WOODEN LOGS INTERCONNECTED AT THE JUNCTIONS BY WOODEN PINS/TENONS STONE AND WOOD WALL WALL COURSES INTERLOCKING WITH WOODEN TENONS ALTERNATE WOODEN POST FIXING CROSS SECTION OF A WALL
- 15. The structure isfurther reinforced by wooden beams which are perpendicular attached to the wooden logs at the middle of the walls connecting two parallel outer walls. ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS BUILDING CONFIGURATION • THE OPEN SPACES BETWEEN THE HORIZONTAL LOGS ARE FURNISHED WITH WELL-DRESSED FLAT STONES WHICH ARE DRY-PACKED OR BY USING A PASTE OF PULSES AS MORTAR • THE STRUCTURE IS FURTHER REINFORCED BY WOODEN BEAMS WHICH ARE PERPENDICULAR ATTACHED TO THE WOODEN LOGS AT THE MIDDLE OF THE WALLS CONNECTING TWO PARALLEL OUTER WALLS. • DRY TOILESTS AT UPPER FLOOR AT CANTILEVER AREA DRY PACKING WALL WOODEN BEAMS,RAFTTERS
- 16. The structure isfurther reinforced by wooden beams which are perpendicular attached to the wooden logs at the middle of the walls connecting two parallel outer walls. ARCHITECTURAL ASPECTS FUNCTIONAL PLANNING • THE MAIN FUNCTION OF THIS BUILDING TYPOLOGY IS SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSE • THERE ARE NO ELEVATORS AND NO FIRE- PROTECTED EXIT STAIRCASES. • ONE MAIN ENTRANCE AT GROUND FLOOR LEVEL ABOVE THE FOUNDATION PLATFORM • ACCESS TO UPPER FLOORS IS SOLELY PROVIDED BY WOODEN LADDERS MADE OF A SINGLE WOODEN TRUNK • DUE TO THEIR MASSIVE WALLS, SOME OF THE BUILDINGS HAVE ALSO BEEN USED AS FORTRESS AGAINST ENEMY ATTACKS WALL COURRSES LADDER FOR CIRCULATION
- 17. VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE DIFFERENT TYPESOF DWELLINGS BASED ON THEIR ECONOMY
- 18. PLANNING OF ATYPICAL HOUSE GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN EAST FACADE WEST FACADE SECTION A-A’ A A’ A A’ A A’ GOUSHAL GRANNARY KITCHEN RESIDENCE
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- 20. VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE SLATE ROOF WOODEN PROJECTING BALCONY FLOORS STONEAND WOOD WALL STONE PLINTH BUILDING COMPONENTS
- 21. ROOF DETAIL • WOODENJOISTS LAID ON THE CANTILEVERD FLOOR HORIZONTALLY • PLACING WOODEN JOISTS WITH A SLOPE ON THE RAFTERS • COVERING THE ROOF PORTION WITH SLATE STONE MASONRY WALL WOODEN RAFTERS SLATE STONES SLATEE SLONE COVERING ROOF COURRSES
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- 23. HIGHLIGHTS • SUSTAINABLE • LOCALLYAVAILABLE MATERIALS • SUITABLE FOR SEISMIC ZONES • INSULATES DURING EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS • ENERGY EFFICIENT • SUSTAIN THE LIVELIHOOD OF FARMERS AND CRAFTMEN • EMPLOYS LOCAL CRAFTMEN • EMPLOYSS UNSKILLED LABOUR KATHU-KUNI VERNACULAR STYLE TEMPLE
- 24. DECLINE AFTER THE BANOF WOOD CUTTING TO CONSTRUCT HOUSE THERE IS A DECLINE IN KATH-KUNI HOUSING STYLE BY ENVIRONMENT FOREST ACT LOW INCOME HOUSE HIGH INCOME HOUSES
- 25. REFERENCES • SPIRIT OFPLACE AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE VERNAVULAR HOUSE IN KINNAUR,HIMACHAL PRADESH - MELISSA MALOUF BELZ • PRATHAA KATH-KUNI ARCHITECTURE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH- BHARAT DEV ,JAY THAKAR,MANSI SHAH • TIMES OF INDIA • http://www.world-housing.net/whereport1view.php?id=100168