The document discusses various mechanical sterilization processes. It describes hot air ovens, autoclaves, laminar air flow hoods, and filtration as common mechanical sterilization methods. Hot air ovens use dry heat at high temperatures to sterilize. Autoclaves use steam under pressure to kill microbes. Laminar air flow hoods use HEPA filters to provide sterile air. Filtration passes solutions through bacteria-proof filters to remove microbes. The document provides details on each method and concludes that mechanical sterilization plays an important role in ensuring safe use of medical devices when guidelines are followed.

1. HYGIA INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY
PRBANDHNAGAR , FAIZULLAHGANJ , GHAILA ROAD
LUCKNOW , 226020
SUBJECT -PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
( BP303T )
TOPIC-MECHANICAL PROCESS OF
STERILIZATION
PRESENTED BY- UNDER THE
SUPERVISION OF-
KAPIL SINGH (Batch-A)
B. PHARM 2ND YEAR Miss PRAGYA SHUKLA
2108950500044
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2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF MECHANICAL PROCESS
HOT AIR OVEN
AUTOCLAVE
LAMINAR AIR FLOW
FILTRATION
CONCLUSION
REFRENCES
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3. INTRODUCTION
Sterilization is the process of removing or destroying all viable form of life
(m.organism ) by phisical and chemical including mechanical method .
Sterilization describes a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of
microbial life and is carried out in health-care facilities by physical or
chemical methods.
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4. HOT AIR OVEN
• Hot air oven is an electrical devices which use
dry heat to sterilize .
• They were originally developed by Louis Pastuer
.
• They use a thermostat to control the temprature
.
• Substance are treated at 160°C for 2 hrs. , 180°C
for 1 hrs. and 260°C for 45 min.
• It works based upon the dry heat sterilization .
• It destroy bacterial endotoxins (pyrogens) spores
which are difficult to eliminate by other means . 4

5. AUTOCLAVE
Autoclave is a machine that uses steam under pressure to kill
harmful bacteria.
It consist of a verticle ,cylinder of gun metal or stainless steel
in a supporting frame or case .
The inner chamber is filled with water and contains a basket
to load the materials to be sterilize .
The plastic material and surgical dressing can be sterilize by
auto-claving .
Powder and ointments base cannot be sterilize .
It is use for sterilization of injections ,glassware,
s rubber
material , plastic container and culture media etc.
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6. LAMINAR AIR FLOW
• Laminar air flow is defined as airflow in which the entire
body of air within a designated space is uniform in both
velocity and direction .
• A laminar flow hood consist of a filter pad ,a fan and a
HEPA (high efficency particulates air ) filter .
• After that the prefiltered air has to pass the hepa filter
where contaminating fungi , bacteria , dust etc are
removed.
• It is use in the laboratory , Laminar flow cabinets are
commonly used for specialised work.
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7. FILTRAION
• It is the simple method in which solution (material ) passed through bacteria-proof
filter unit then bacteria is only removed from solution which does not destroy or kill
.
• It is used for both the clarification and sterilization of liquids such as Sera ,and
solution of sugars or antibiotics.
• This is an official method , also mentioned in Indian Pharmacopoeia.
• Bacterial toxins can be obtained by passing cultures through filters .
• Asbestos filter are no longer used due to their carcinogenic property.
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8. TYPES OF FILTRATION
Candle filter (ceramic filter)
Sintered glass filter (Fritted glass filter)
Membrane filter (Millipore/ultra filter)
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9. CANDLE FILTER/CERAMIC FILTER
• Candle filter are manufactured in different grades of porosity and have been used
widely for the purification of water for industrial and drinking purpose .
• They are two types ;
• Unglazed ceramic filter (for example ,chamberland and doultan )
• Diatomaceous earth filter(for example,berkefeld and mandler)
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10. SINTERED/FRITTED GLASS FILTER
• Sintered glass filters are prepared by heat-fusing finely powdered
glass particles of graded sizes
They have low absorptive property and can be cleaned easily , but
are brittle and expensive .
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11. MEMBRANE FILTER /ULTRA FILTER
• Membrane filters are made of cellulose esters or other polymers have largely
replaced other types of filters .
• They are routinely used in water purification and analysis , sterilization and
sterility testing ,and for the preparation of solutions for parenteral use.
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12. CONCLUSION
• When properly used, disinfection and sterilization
can ensure the safe use of invasive and non-
invasive medical devices. However, current
disinfection and sterilization guidelines must be
strictly followed.
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13. REFENCES
 Jain, N.K , “Pharmaceutical Microbiology” second edition , Vallabh prakashan ,
2005
page no – 95-103
 Arora , D.R “Textbok of Microbiology” second edition (reprint 2004) Published by
C B S publisher & Distributors page no – 50-53
 https://images.app.goo.gl/tJBFXJBcR2k6h75YA ( Fig.no.1)
 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https% ( Fig.no.2)
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14. THANK YOU..!!
For Your Precious Time…
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15. QUERIES…??
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