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This document discusses Zygamut Bauman's views on the human consequences of globalization: 1) Bauman sees globalization as a "space war" where the winners have more mobility and define their own meaning, while the losers are confined to isolated territories stripped of meaning. 2) Mobility is an important factor of social stratification - those with mobility (tourists) move by choice, while vagabonds move out of necessity due to intolerable environments. 3) Tourists have burdens of not being able to slow down, endless choices with risks and dangers at each decision point.
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- Actor-network theory views both human and non-human entities as equal "actors" interacting within complex networks. It aims to describe society without distinguishing between social and technical elements.
- Both theories are interested in how science, technology, and nature create affects that influence humans and are now integral to understanding society. They examine the impacts of advances like artificial intelligence and humanity's relationship with nature.
Contemporary theories of Modernity_.pptx
This document discusses several key theories of modernity. It describes Anthony Giddens' theory of the "juggernaut of modernity" which identifies capitalism, industrialization, and surveillance as the three basic institutions of modernity. It also summarizes theories by Ulrich Beck on the "risk society," Manuel Castells on the "informational society," and Jurgen Habermas' view of modernity as an "unfinished project."
The Enlightenment Age and Thinkers.pptx
The document discusses the Age of Enlightenment, which took place from the 17th to early 19th centuries. It was a period that witnessed progress in science, politics, and philosophical discourse. Key aspects included replacing tradition with reason, exploration, tolerance, and scientific endeavor. The Enlightenment promoted reason, the scientific method, and the idea that society and human understanding would continue to progress. It influenced movements for political freedom, religious tolerance, and the scientific revolution. The document also outlines the main Enlightenment thinkers such as Locke, Rousseau, Voltaire, and their contributions.
Reliability and validity.pptx
The document discusses the concepts of reliability and validity in quantitative and qualitative research. In quantitative research, reliability and validity aim to ensure consistency and truthfulness through measures like replicability and generalizability of results. In qualitative research, the concepts of trustworthiness, including credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability, aim to ensure rigor through in-depth understanding rather than measurable outcomes.
Literature review.pptx
The document discusses what constitutes a literature review and provides guidance on how to conduct one. It begins by defining a literature review and explaining that it must be guided by a research objective or problem. It then discusses common problems in literature reviews, such as excluding seminal works or adopting a narrow perspective. The document also outlines the purposes of a literature review and different types. Finally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the literature review process, including searching, reading, evaluating, summarizing sources, and writing the review.
Aims of research.pptx
This document outlines different types of research and their aims, including exploratory research which aims to explore unknown areas, gain insights and develop hypotheses; descriptive research which describes characteristics and relationships; correlational research which establishes relationships between variables; explanatory research which clarifies why relationships exist; predictive research which anticipates outcomes; and pragmatic research which finds solutions to problems using mixed methods.
Moral Obligations To Future Generations.pptx
The document discusses moral obligations to future generations in the context of an environmental crisis. It argues that we have a duty to future generations to preserve natural resources and leave them a livable planet based on utilitarian and consequentialist ethics. Specifically, it claims that reducing environmental resources will lower future happiness and well-being. Additionally, the document suggests our obligations extend to our children and grandchildren currently alive as the "younger generation". It considers various arguments for and against moral duties to future people, such as the "last person argument" that there is no obligation if humanity does not survive long-term.
Secularization theories.pptx
1. Secularization refers to the process by which societies transition from traditional religious practices and thinking to a more rational and irreligious worldview. It involves the loss of social significance of religion and religious institutions.
2. Several factors contribute to secularization, including modernity, urbanization, industrialization, the rise of science, and an increased division of labor. As societies modernize and specialize, religious thinking declines and is replaced by rational and scientific worldviews.
3. However, secularization theories have been challenged by evidence that religion has proven remarkably resilient even in societies like the former Soviet Union that actively sought to eliminate it. Religious belief may be an innate human tendency not easily eradicated
10. (three topics in one slide) Global Developments In Religion (Christianity...
Global Developments in Religion
The document discusses global developments in three major world religions: Christianity, Hinduism/Buddhism, and Islam. For Christianity, it summarizes that the religion has grown rapidly in the Global South (Africa, Latin America, Asia-Pacific) in the last century due to higher birth rates and conversions. Pentecostalism has been a major driver of Christianity's growth. For Islam, it notes the rise of the global Muslim community (Ummah) due to factors like migration, technology and events like the Hajj pilgrimage. It also discusses concepts like Islamic fundamentalism.
Presentation1.pptx
Ubuntu is an African philosophy that views humanity as interconnected and interdependent. It emphasizes oneness between humans and nature, rejecting dualism or separation. Ubuntu environmental ethics see humans and nature as a community, with nature deserving intrinsic value rather than being commodified. The use of natural resources is based on sufficiency, discouraging excess accumulation, and promotes empathy over self-interest. Nature is valued based on the socio-cultural traditions embedded within it. Ubuntu ethics establish harmony between humans and the natural world in a collective manner, differing from Western ethics focused on economic systems and growth. Ubuntu principles could provide an alternative sustainable development strategy to address climate change by prioritizing community and sufficiency over exploitation.
Religion and gender.pptx
1. Women generally exhibit higher levels of religiosity than men according to surveys. This is referred to as the "feminization of religion".
2. Explanations for this gender difference include women having a lower tolerance for risk, and socialization in patriarchal households leading women to be more religious.
3. Many religions have historically supported gender inequality and associated women with notions like sinfulness. However, Jesus treated women more positively. Debates over practices like the hijab often relate more to power and culture than religion.
Young people and religion.ppt
This document discusses how young adults are finding and connecting with religion in different ways than previous generations. It notes that while millennials and young adults are less likely to regularly attend traditional religious services, many still consider themselves spiritual and seek community and meaningful experiences. Reasons for distancing from organized religion include delaying adulthood milestones like marriage, valuing diversity and multicultural experiences, and preferring a more self-directed approach to faith. However, surveys show this generation remains curious about life's big questions and frequently feels gratitude, suggesting they still engage with spiritual topics through less conventional means.
EXAMS - During the exam sitting.pptx
The document provides tips for preparing for and taking an exam. It discusses:
1) How to prepare for the exam day by getting enough rest, eating breakfast, and revising key topics without cramming.
2) What to do during the reading time such as checking instructions, allocating time to questions, and planning answers.
3) Techniques for answering different types of questions including essays, short answers, and multiple choice. It emphasizes answering all questions, writing clearly, and managing time.
AZA2703 Lecture 1 - Introduction (2).ppt
This document provides an introduction and overview of weapons of mass destruction (WMD). It begins with contact details for the lecturer and important course dates. It then defines WMDs and discusses the evolution of nuclear weapons from atomic bombs to hydrogen bombs. It also covers chemical weapons including lethal agents like nerve agents. Biological weapons are categorized by priority levels. The document concludes by discussing different delivery systems for WMDs, noting that ballistic missiles are difficult to defend against but other means like aircraft are also potent threats.
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