This document outlines a talk about natural limits to economic growth. It introduces key concepts like exponential growth curves and logistic growth curves. It then provides a whistle-stop tour of economic history from hunter-gatherers to modern consumerism. It notes that past civilizations collapsed due to environmental degradation. The current situation involves ecological crisis, energy issues, agricultural problems, and climate change. Our civilization is complex and not immune to collapse. The document considers what can be done, like adopting a powerdown approach globally and transitioning to more sustainable local economies.
Theories for World Sociology (Global Development)MissHSociology
Description of 7 different theoretical approaches to understanding world development.
Modernisation Theory, Neo-Liberalist Theory, Counter-Industrial Theory, Dependency Theory, World Systems Theory, Feminist Theory.
Descriptions of theories, plus evaluations.
Theories for World Sociology (Global Development)MissHSociology
Description of 7 different theoretical approaches to understanding world development.
Modernisation Theory, Neo-Liberalist Theory, Counter-Industrial Theory, Dependency Theory, World Systems Theory, Feminist Theory.
Descriptions of theories, plus evaluations.
The role of business in the transformation to a post-growth, post-consumer so...Wilmette Institute
Based on concepts from ELEVEN by Paul Hanley, business can be seen as both an active and passive participant in a world at risk due to consumerism and its consequences, and economic planning based on an ethos of never-ending growth. In his book ELEVEN, Paul Hanley uses multiple sources to present a clear and logical description of the genesis of the current paradigm and where it is inexorably leading. Science informs us that the current economic order is unsustainable. With the world population projected to rise another 50% to 11 billion by 2100, current economic and environmental issues will deepen and turn catastrophic. As the notion that there is a spiritual aspect to reality fades into anachronism, the sustainability crisis deepens.
The core proposal of the book and the learnshop is that the solution to the seemingly insurmountable and catastrophic issues facing the world today can be found through a comprehensive public education approach that leads to profound ethical-social-ecological transformation. Such a program can be spearheaded by responsible business and their activities in the community —for example, supporting neighbourhood grass roots initiatives. Business can play play an enabling role in this process. It can reorient advertisements that suggest how consumer goods should not define us and symbolise who we are, and instead promote environmental and moral values that result in a sustainable future. Instead of a focus on profits only, business can support communities to transform, and demonstrate by example that “avarice and self-interest (need not) prevail at the expense of the common good.” Ultimately, in order to realistically address world issues, businesses will need to live a new morality, contribute to a reduction in excessive consumption, and renounce the paradigm of continuous economic growth. A sustainable, values-based reality needs to be made visible through education, particularly moral education, starting with children and youth.
What new insights or learning do you hope your learnshop will provoke?
To investigate the present environmental and economic issues so that our awareness is improved, and that we can clearly explain why a change in paradigm is essential. The learnshop will seek to gain insight and understanding about the issues facing the world and the role of business. Through discussion and sharing of ideas we hope brainstorm what could and should be done to address these issues – both the possible and the desirable. Which values/virtues are present and absent in the current paradigm? How to select a plan of action in the face of confusing messages and “false news.” Which virtues or values, if implemented, have the greatest potential for affecting constructive change? Finally what are the barriers to change that need to be overcome. What are the main themes that can be effectively addressed by the business community and what methods and materials are needed to address them?
Present Market Globalisation And Democratic Decentralisation of Gandhi - Cont...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
- The political ecology of understanding the creation of
the international order!
- Social movements and the challenge to existing orders!
- Linking the body and spaces of resistance
Meditations on the 100th anniversary of the Halifax, Nova Scotia, ship explosion, which gave rise to the first concerted social study of disaster and started a century of academic work in this field. Where do we 'disasterologists' come from and where are we going in the next century of our work?
The role of business in the transformation to a post-growth, post-consumer so...Wilmette Institute
Based on concepts from ELEVEN by Paul Hanley, business can be seen as both an active and passive participant in a world at risk due to consumerism and its consequences, and economic planning based on an ethos of never-ending growth. In his book ELEVEN, Paul Hanley uses multiple sources to present a clear and logical description of the genesis of the current paradigm and where it is inexorably leading. Science informs us that the current economic order is unsustainable. With the world population projected to rise another 50% to 11 billion by 2100, current economic and environmental issues will deepen and turn catastrophic. As the notion that there is a spiritual aspect to reality fades into anachronism, the sustainability crisis deepens.
The core proposal of the book and the learnshop is that the solution to the seemingly insurmountable and catastrophic issues facing the world today can be found through a comprehensive public education approach that leads to profound ethical-social-ecological transformation. Such a program can be spearheaded by responsible business and their activities in the community —for example, supporting neighbourhood grass roots initiatives. Business can play play an enabling role in this process. It can reorient advertisements that suggest how consumer goods should not define us and symbolise who we are, and instead promote environmental and moral values that result in a sustainable future. Instead of a focus on profits only, business can support communities to transform, and demonstrate by example that “avarice and self-interest (need not) prevail at the expense of the common good.” Ultimately, in order to realistically address world issues, businesses will need to live a new morality, contribute to a reduction in excessive consumption, and renounce the paradigm of continuous economic growth. A sustainable, values-based reality needs to be made visible through education, particularly moral education, starting with children and youth.
What new insights or learning do you hope your learnshop will provoke?
To investigate the present environmental and economic issues so that our awareness is improved, and that we can clearly explain why a change in paradigm is essential. The learnshop will seek to gain insight and understanding about the issues facing the world and the role of business. Through discussion and sharing of ideas we hope brainstorm what could and should be done to address these issues – both the possible and the desirable. Which values/virtues are present and absent in the current paradigm? How to select a plan of action in the face of confusing messages and “false news.” Which virtues or values, if implemented, have the greatest potential for affecting constructive change? Finally what are the barriers to change that need to be overcome. What are the main themes that can be effectively addressed by the business community and what methods and materials are needed to address them?
Present Market Globalisation And Democratic Decentralisation of Gandhi - Cont...inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
- The political ecology of understanding the creation of
the international order!
- Social movements and the challenge to existing orders!
- Linking the body and spaces of resistance
Meditations on the 100th anniversary of the Halifax, Nova Scotia, ship explosion, which gave rise to the first concerted social study of disaster and started a century of academic work in this field. Where do we 'disasterologists' come from and where are we going in the next century of our work?
I make this presentation for a project with 5 team member, they've decided to applied Scrum for some Sprint, but they want to strengthen their Scrum skills
Module 2 Critical Thinking Assignment
Understanding Financial Statements and Cash Flow
Problem 2-1: Preparing Financial Statements
Information below is for Buraydah Manufacturing, Inc. for the year ended December 31, 20x1 except where beginning of year numbers indicated. All amounts in SAR unless otherwise stated.
Accumulated depreciation
2,817,000
Sales
5,826,000
Accounts receivable
233,000
Interest expense
237,000
Cost of goods sold
2,672,000
Short term notes payable
195,000
Income taxes
366,600
Inventories
967,000
Common stock
428,000
Dividends paid
120,000
Cash
986,500
Marketing, general and administrative expenses
1,678,500
Long term debt
5,844,000
Fixed assets (property & equipment)
7,218,000
Accounts payable
395,000
Other assets
862,000
Depreciation expense
422,000
Retained earnings at beginning of year
419,600
Number of shares of common stock
1,000
Using the information above:
1. Prepare an income statement in good form
2. Prepare end of year balance sheet in good form
3. Calculate net working capital
4. Calculate the debt ratio
Using an additional column for each financial statement:
5. Prepare a common sized income statement
6. Prepare a common sized balance sheet
Problem 2-2 Preparing Statement of Cash Flows
Given the following information, prepare a statement of cash flows.
Dividends
15
Increase in common stock
22
Decrease in accounts receivable
24
Increase in inventories
35
Operating income
80
Increase in accounts payable
25
Interest expense
25
Depreciation expense
12
Increase in long term debt
48
Increase in fixed assets
33
Income taxes
17
Beginning cash balance
20
Assume all amounts are in 000's SAR.
TH E
WOR LDWATCH
I N STITUTE
S TAT E O F T H E WO R L D
Transforming Cultures
2 0 1 0
From Consumerism to Sustainability
www.worldwatch.orgB
SCIENCE/ENVIRONMENT
W. W. N O R T O N
N E W Y O R K • L O N D O N
STATE O F TH E WO R LD
Advance Praise for State of the World 2010:
“If we continue to think of ourselves mostly as
consumers, it’s going to be very hard to bring our
environmental troubles under control. But it’s also
going to be very hard to live the rounded and joyful
lives that could be ours. This is a subversive volume
in all the best ways!”
—Bill McKibben, author of Deep Economy and
The End of Nature
“Worldwatch has taken on an ambitious agenda in
this volume. No generation in history has achieved a
cultural transformation as sweeping as the one called
for here…it is hard not to be impressed with the
book’s boldness.”
—Muhammad Yunus, founder of the Grameen Bank
“This year’s State of the World report is a cultural
mindbomb exploding with devastating force. I hope
it wakes a few people up.”
—Kalle Lasn, Editor of Adbusters magazine
Like a tsunami, consumerism has engulfed human
cultures and Earth’s ecosystems. Left unaddressed, we
risk global disaster. But if we channel this wave, intention-
ally transforming our cultures to center on ...
A photograph of the decisive decade we are facing, the perfect storm of environmental, economic and growth crisis we are facing and some possible ways to help the transition from this old unsustainable system to a new world order sustained by a new approach of global prosperity, justice and sustainability.
Slideshows about nonviolence and nonviolent resolution of conflicts, economic alternatives, ecology, social change, spirituality : www.irnc.org , Slideshows in english
The bad state of our planet
The reasons to believe
02 07-Joan Martinez-Alier The alliance between the Environmental Justice move...environmentalconflicts
Joan Martinez-Alier Summer School Env Justice ICTA UAB 2012
The alliance between the Environmental Justice movements of the South,
and the small Degrowth movement in the North
Modernisation and Dependency theory 33 mark planSapphoWebb
Here is an interactive plan for lesson use borrowed from my teacher for here. It includes paragraphs and ideas to put in them.
For more revision material visit revise-sociology-aqa.tumblr.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
1. A Tale of Two Curves
Helping to break the Conspiracy
of Silence about Natural Limits
and Economic Growth.
A personal view by Nick Watts
2. Outline
1. Introducing the curves.
2. How did we get here? A whistlestop tour of
economic history.
3. Where are we now? The (de)pressing reality.
4. What can be done about it? Systemic change
or mobilisation at grass-roots?
3. 1. Introducing the Curves
• Preamble: Introduce myself & apologise for
nerves or hiccups. Q&A to follow, bar
open, notepaper/pens available, there will be a
resource list at the end.
• Exponential function: Chessboard, compound
interest (be optimistic – on savings not debt!)
with graphs on flipchart, hockey stick
• Logistic distribution: Heights of the audience
(normal distribution approximately the
same), Hubbert’s bell curve & US oil peak
[flipchart]
4. 2. How did we get here?
• Hunter-gatherers, egalitarian & free!
• Agriculture & settlements, stable climate, surplus food, population
growth, social hierarchy starts to take shape
• Early civilisations - power elites emerge, ordinary people enslaved by
a protection racket (pay a share of your crops & we’ll look after you)
• The feudal system - power shifts to aristocrats, ordinary people
enslaved to the land
• The industrial revolution, wealth percolating upwards through the 3-
tier economy, power shifts to money, ordinary people become wage-
slaves
• The onslaught of consumerism & it’s new cultural stories - power
shifts to the media, ordinary people become debt-slaves
• Peak Debt? Gambling (on) the future, $147 oil and the contraction of
Autumn 2008. The winds of change.
5. Earlier Economic Systems
• Hunter-gatherers. Small, nomadic tribes, low population density, resource rich on
the broad scale but population consciously self-regulated to avoid overconsumption within
their environment. And we call them primitive!
• Agriculture & settlements. Refer to slide
• Early civilisations, kingship and priesthood, centralised power in city-
states, agricultural surpluses via military and spiritual enslavement provides for artisans
hence trade in goods & services but also a social heirarchy from which a leisure class is born –
art, science, philosophy, politics. Examples found in Middle East, South America, China and
Europe… Sumerian, Mayan, Greek, Egyptian, Roman empire – more to follow on these
(Collapse)
• The feudal system, nobility, landlords & peasants in fairly harmonious
equilibrium [“The primary economy is the natural world, which produces around 3/4 of all economic
value used by human beings. The secondary economy is the production of goods and services from natural
resources by human labour. The tertiary economy is the production and exchange of money – a term that
includes everything that has value only because it can be exchanged for the products of the primary and
secondary economies, and thus embraces everything from gold coins to the most vaporous products of
today’s financial engineering.” (JMG)+ Feudal system illustrates that people can live quite
successfully for long periods of time without a tertiary economy.
6. The 3-tier economy
• Tier 1: Mining growth (explain the term): Imperialism, global
trade in raw materials, black slavery. Refer to timeline on
flipchart. “Trade causes attention to be directed toward what can be sold profitably on
world markets rather than toward the careful adjustment to local resources that contributes
to long-run stability” (MtF p224)
• Tier 2: Manufacturing growth: Factories, urbanisation,
displacement of peasants & “white slavery” via enclosure
acts & corn laws. “The enclosure movement transferred common lands into private
holdings; the market was allowed to determine prices and wages…and in 1870 the Corn Laws
were repealed in England and cheap American grains flooded in and ruined small farmers
and landed aristocrats alike. Power shifted irrevocably to the commercial classes. The choices
for people in villages were reduced to being landless agricultural labourers at less than
subsistence wages, or going to work for 12-14 hours a day in the factories of the industrial
towns and cities.” (MtF p52) Overt exploitation. I believe that was a retrograde
step & wonder if there a prospect of now reversing that process.
• Tier 3: Money growth: Banks and usury. The Gold or
(Sterling) Silver standard, Fiat money, Fractional reserve
banking, neo-liberalism, home ownership, covert
exploitation, debt-slavery.
7. The onslaught of consumerism &
the power of cultural stories
• 1920-2010: Unique period in man’s history with an
apparently limitless supply of cheap energy. Marketing &
the media, 4 generations of growth in
everything, corporate control & cultural brainwashing of
their willing victims – media & shopping junkies. Metaphor of the
Cave; Plato imagines a group of people who have lived chained in a cave all of their lives, facing a blank
wall. The people watch shadows projected on the wall by things passing in front of a fire behind
them…the shadows are as close as the prisoners get to seeing reality. *I+s it not reasonable that the
prisoners would take the shadows to be real things…not just reflections of reality, since they are all they
had ever seen or heard? Wouldn’t the whole of their society depend on the shadows on the wall?”
• Resource use, obsolescence (toasters & kettles) & the throw-
away society -> waste = pollution, the story of “stuff”
• Bretton-Woods institutions, Trans-national corporations, the
free movement of capital, Globalisation as neo-
imperialism, reinventing wage-slavery in the “developing”
world
8. 3. Where are we now?
• Population growth. See timeline
• Ecological crisis
• Energy predicament → Economic crisis
• Agricultural crisis. Soil, fossil fuels, water, poisons & pollinators.
• Global warming. Large civilisations depend on stable climate.
• Our civilisation is not immune from collapse
9. Ecological Crisis
• Resilience is the ability of a system to withstand shocks, a
good attribute for survival. Biodiversity makes for a resilient
ecosystem & man is destroying species at an alarming rate.
• Carrying capacity of an environment, overshoot, adaptive
cycles
10. Energy Predicament
• A predicament is a problem without a solution. Energy
underpins the industrial economy and must be central to our
thinking.
• Coal: The 19th Century [flipchart]
• Oil: The 20th Century [flipchart] “When you run the calculations, we discover that
there is enough energy in a gallon of [petrol] to be roughly equivalent to a human person
working 500 hours. This is called an "energy slave". Since we use fossil fuels in so many
ways, for transportation, for industry to make our consumer goods, for heating our homes and
running our appliances, for agriculture to grow our food, etc.... it turns out that the average
European uses the equivalent of 100 energy slaves to maintain their lifestyle. “ (Christine
Patton) Crash Course
• Peaking resources, the effect of net energy [flipchart with adjusted
downslope], all the low-hanging fruit is gone, Deepwater Horizon as an
example of resorting to hard-to-find resources and complexity
• How do we fuel the 21st Century? Peter Aldous speech “We need a new and
radical energy policy. If we do not have it, the lights will go out” and “We owe it to future
generations to take a major step towards a low-carbon economy.”, he’s talked the talk now
he must walk the walk.
11. Our civilisation is not immune from
collapse
• The lessons of history. Civilisations like the ones mentioned in part 2 all collapsed
for reasons largely to do with natural limits and environmental degradation.
• Complexity, the antithesis of resilience. Modern technology has built progressively
more complex products (cars, computers, etc. novelty for the consumer market)
and systems with a higher degree of integration, compromising resilience. A
complex & tightly-integrated system is not only difficult to model or understand
completely but when put under enough stress it will tend to fail catastrophically.
• The basis for sustainability is to avoid exponential growth. It is necessary to tackle
both growth in population and material throughput of the economy.
• Corporate lobbyists, the financial sector, media and politicians – a conspiracy of
the elite in favour of business-as-usual. Our new government still endorses growth
because the current financial structures (tertiary economy) cannot function
without it, and yet the environment we all depend on cannot function with it!
Accepted by the electorate because the cultural story – growth and consumerism -
is so firmly entrenched.
12. 4. What can be done about it?
• Be aware of natural limits and understand what growth really
means (hence the title of this talk). Think globally, act locally.
• Powerdown – A global approach
• The Cinderella economy. Energy and raw materials will become more
expensive and labour comparatively cheap. The industrialisation (mechanisation)
process will gradually unwind under pressure of market forces. Cinders: You can go to
work! Be wise, be prepared: Some ideas for stimulating job creation and trade in the
local economy…
• Safe Investment?Given that economic growth within the current
economic/financial system is neither desirable (resource usage, global warming) nor
achievable (resource limits, peak debt) implosion is inevitable. The warning signs are
already there in Greece etc. and looking behind the spin the entire global house of
cards is shaking. Investing in local projects (e.g. via a Credit Union) would provide a
viable, safer & sustainable alternative.
• Transition – A local approach (Sustainable Bungay). There is positive
action which can be taken to benefit everyone in the community.
13. Powerdown
• Tackling greenhouse gas emissions, depleting resources and a broken economic
model in a new paradigm of sustainability. Climate & energy challenges indicate
this way forward, but how can it be achieved?
• Blue-sky thinking? Restructuring the Secondary economy with a focus on sustainability: market
mechanisms (e.g. TEQs, precycling insurance leading to cradle-to-cradle product lifecycle where waste ≠
pollution) Decoupling (In economics, decoupling is often used in the context of economic production and environmental quality. In this
context, it refers to the ability of an economy to grow without corresponding increases in environmental pressure. In many economies increasing
production (GDP) would involve increased pressure on the environment. An economy that is able to sustain GDP growth, without also experiencing a
worsening of environmental conditions, is said to be decoupled. Exactly how, if, or to what extent this can be achieved is a subject of much debate.
• Similarly, decoupling can refer to "breaking" the link between a dependent variable and its cause for a specific industry or activity. For
instance, decoupling green house gas emissions from increasing electrical power generation.) Remember from part 2 – the
economic system has changed radically over time. How much disaster will we have to endure
before politicians and economists recognise the need to implement such market
mechanisms? Is it already too late for them to do any good?
• A cultural revolution? Free market capitalism is based on the ‘rationality’ of Adam
Smith’s every participant acting in self-interest. I think Bill Rees’ complimentary idea says a lot
about the way to avoid collapse. “We should be designing a smaller, equitable steady-state economy, that maintains
itself within the carrying capacity. This is not difficult. The concepts are easy. The getting there is the difficult part, because of the
conflictual nature of the human animal. Today, we for the first time in the history of our species reached the point where my selfish
interests are identical to our collective interests. I cannot be sustainable on my own. No country can be sustainable on it's own. If the
rest of the world carries on down the current pathway, they will take us down with it. Instead of being able to act out my own personal
selfish fantasy, I've got to begin to be able to identify my interests with your interests. Because together we can pull this off, if we can
convince enough people that it is in their selfish interest to serve the collective interest. It's the only way that we're going to make any
real difference on this planet.“ Is it realistic to hope for a rapid turnaround in the individualism
which consumer culture has taken 100 years to create?
14. Further information
• Web: ”The greatest shortcoming of the human race is an inability to
understand the exponential function” Albert A. Bartlett (YouTube), The
Story of Stuff by Annie Leonard, Wake Up Freak Out by Leo Murray, Crash
Course by Chris Martenson, lecture by Dr. Bill Rees (audio)
www.energybulletin.net/node/52961 (other relevant nodes include
52757, 52785, 52507), www.culturechange.org/cms/content/view/652/1/
• Books: Warren A. Johnson’s Muddling toward Frugality, Richard Heinberg
(e.g. The Party’s Over, Powerdown, Peak Everything), Tim Jackson’s
Prosperity without Growth, Thomas H. Greco’s Money, Bill McKibben’s
Deep Economy, David Korten’s The Great Turning, John Michael Greer’s
The Long Descent, E F Schumaker’s Small is Beautiful, Joseph Tainter's The
Collapse of Complex Societies, Jared Diamond’s Collapse: How Societies
Choose to Fail or Survive, Thomas Homer-Dixon’s The Upside of Down.
Rob Hopkins’ The Transition Handbook, Ronald Wright’s A Short History of
Progress
• Please ask if you want a printed copy of this slide.
Editor's Notes
This slide will be on display as people arrive. Note on colours: Red highlights the exponential function, blue highlights production limits, green highlights resources listed at the end.
Slide 1 for introduction. Mention that it will get depressing in part 3 and I’m not even going to talk about Global Warming but if you really want to know the worst of it watch “wake up, freak out” in resource list.
Cuecard 1a
Slide 2. Cuecards follow
Cuecard 2a
Cuecard 2b
Cuecard 2c
Slide 3. Cuecards follow for 2, 3 & 5.
Cuecard 3a
Cuecard 3b
Cuecard 3c
Slide 4 stays up until the end
Cuecard 4a
Slide 5 at the end & leave in place during Q&A.