The document discusses an experimental investigation comparing the combustion and emission characteristics of methyl esters from mustard oil and rice bran oil as alternative fuels in a diesel engine. A single-cylinder variable compression ratio diesel engine was used to test the fuels. The results showed that at higher compression ratios, the alternative fuels had shorter ignition delay, higher peak cylinder pressure, lower heat release rate, and higher mass fraction burned compared to diesel. Emissions of smoke increased while NOx emissions decreased with the alternative fuels. The combustion parameters of the alternative fuels were affected by the changing compression ratio.
A Review of the Effects of Biodiesel from Different Feedstock on Engine Perfo...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the effects of different biodiesel feedstocks on engine performance and emissions. It begins with an abstract that outlines the focus on alternative fuels due to concerns over energy security, pollution, and fossil fuel depletion. The review then examines various biodiesel feedstocks including vegetable oils, waste cooking oil, and algae. It discusses the properties of different biodiesels including density, viscosity, flash point, and calorific value. Finally, it summarizes several studies that tested biodiesels from sources like pongamia, moringa, and coconut on diesel engines and analyzed impacts on factors such as fuel consumption, emissions, and efficiency.
The document discusses using blends of jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel in a compression ignition (CI) engine. It finds that blending the vegetable oil with diesel in ratios of 30-50% by volume significantly reduces the viscosity of the oil. Blends with 30-40% jatropha oil perform similarly to diesel in terms of specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency. Higher blends have poorer performance due to the vegetable oil's high viscosity and low volatility. Heating the blends can further reduce viscosity and improve combustion. Blends containing up to 50% jatropha oil show potential as an alternative fuel for CI engines.
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...IDES Editor
The indiscriminate usage of fossil fuels in many
countries has led to an increased interest in the search for
suitable alternative fuels. Methyl Esters of Vegetable oils and
Animal fats are found to be good alternative, renewable and
environmental friendly fuels for C.I. engines.
This paper presents the results of investigation carried
out in studying the properties and behavior of methyl esters
of corn seed oil, fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel in a C
I Engine. Engine tests have been carried out to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the
above mentioned fuels.
The tests have been carried out in a 4-stroke,
computerized, single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection
diesel engine at different loads. The loads were varied from
0% to 100% of the maximum load in steps of 25%. The Methyl
Ester blends of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume with diesel were
used. The engine test parameters were recorded with the help
of engine analysis software and were studied with the help of
graphs.
The results showed that the properties of the above mentioned
oils are comparable with conventional diesel. The 20% blend
performed well in running a diesel engine at a constant speed
of 1500 rpm. It substantially reduced the emissions with
acceptable efficiency. Hence the oils can be used as suitable
additives for diesel in compression ignition engine.
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...IJMER
1. The document discusses the production of biodiesel from waste cottonseed oil through transesterification and its use as a fuel in compression ignition engines. Different blends of biodiesel (B10, B20, B30) were tested in a diesel engine and their performance was compared to petrodiesel.
2. Biodiesel production parameters like reaction temperature, catalyst percentage, and alcohol percentage were optimized. Fuel properties of the biodiesel like density, viscosity, and flash point were determined and found to be close to diesel standards.
3. Engine tests showed that while biodiesel blends had slightly lower performance than petrodiesel, B10 and B20 bl
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
This study optimized the specific fuel consumption of a single cylinder diesel engine operating on blends of palm seed oil and diesel fuel. The parameters investigated were injection pressure, engine load, and blend ratio. A Taguchi experimental design with 16 runs was used to evaluate these parameters at different levels. Response curve analysis identified that an injection pressure of 200 bar, an engine load of 10 kg, and a blend ratio of B0D100 (100% diesel) produced the lowest specific fuel consumption of 0.28. The engine load had the greatest influence on specific fuel consumption, followed by injection pressure, with blend ratio having the smallest effect. The Taguchi method was able to optimize the engine parameters to minimize specific fuel consumption in fewer experimental trials
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
This document summarizes a review paper on performance and emission testing of a 4-stroke diesel engine using ethanol-diesel blends at different pressures. The paper reviews several previous studies that tested blends of 5-30% ethanol mixed with diesel fuel. The studies found that a 10-20% ethanol blend can improve brake thermal efficiency compared to pure diesel, while also reducing emissions like NOx and smoke. Higher ethanol blends required advancing the injection timing to allow the engine to run. Ethanol-diesel blends were found to have lower density, viscosity, pour point and higher flash point compared to pure diesel. Overall, ethanol shows potential as a renewable fuel to improve engine performance and reduce emissions when blended with diesel
A Review of the Effects of Biodiesel from Different Feedstock on Engine Perfo...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the effects of different biodiesel feedstocks on engine performance and emissions. It begins with an abstract that outlines the focus on alternative fuels due to concerns over energy security, pollution, and fossil fuel depletion. The review then examines various biodiesel feedstocks including vegetable oils, waste cooking oil, and algae. It discusses the properties of different biodiesels including density, viscosity, flash point, and calorific value. Finally, it summarizes several studies that tested biodiesels from sources like pongamia, moringa, and coconut on diesel engines and analyzed impacts on factors such as fuel consumption, emissions, and efficiency.
The document discusses using blends of jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel in a compression ignition (CI) engine. It finds that blending the vegetable oil with diesel in ratios of 30-50% by volume significantly reduces the viscosity of the oil. Blends with 30-40% jatropha oil perform similarly to diesel in terms of specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency. Higher blends have poorer performance due to the vegetable oil's high viscosity and low volatility. Heating the blends can further reduce viscosity and improve combustion. Blends containing up to 50% jatropha oil show potential as an alternative fuel for CI engines.
Performance, Combustion and Emission Evaluation of Fish and Corn Oil as subst...IDES Editor
The indiscriminate usage of fossil fuels in many
countries has led to an increased interest in the search for
suitable alternative fuels. Methyl Esters of Vegetable oils and
Animal fats are found to be good alternative, renewable and
environmental friendly fuels for C.I. engines.
This paper presents the results of investigation carried
out in studying the properties and behavior of methyl esters
of corn seed oil, fish oil and its blends with diesel fuel in a C
I Engine. Engine tests have been carried out to determine the
performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the
above mentioned fuels.
The tests have been carried out in a 4-stroke,
computerized, single cylinder, constant speed, direct injection
diesel engine at different loads. The loads were varied from
0% to 100% of the maximum load in steps of 25%. The Methyl
Ester blends of 10%, 20% and 30% by volume with diesel were
used. The engine test parameters were recorded with the help
of engine analysis software and were studied with the help of
graphs.
The results showed that the properties of the above mentioned
oils are comparable with conventional diesel. The 20% blend
performed well in running a diesel engine at a constant speed
of 1500 rpm. It substantially reduced the emissions with
acceptable efficiency. Hence the oils can be used as suitable
additives for diesel in compression ignition engine.
Study of Performance of Different Blends of Biodiesel Prepared From Waste Co...IJMER
1. The document discusses the production of biodiesel from waste cottonseed oil through transesterification and its use as a fuel in compression ignition engines. Different blends of biodiesel (B10, B20, B30) were tested in a diesel engine and their performance was compared to petrodiesel.
2. Biodiesel production parameters like reaction temperature, catalyst percentage, and alcohol percentage were optimized. Fuel properties of the biodiesel like density, viscosity, and flash point were determined and found to be close to diesel standards.
3. Engine tests showed that while biodiesel blends had slightly lower performance than petrodiesel, B10 and B20 bl
Performance Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Blend O...IJMER
In current scenario, there are continuously increasing the number of automobiles and
correspondingly increasing the fuel consumption as well as fuel prices. In this regard, biodiesel is
found as an alternative fuel derived from natural fats or vegetable oils and it is considered as an
attractive alternative to replace diesel fuel.
In this work, biodiesel prepared from soya oil by Transesterification process with methyl alcohol.
Processed soya oil is blended with diesel in different proportions as B-10, B-20, B-30, B-40 and B-50.
Thermodynamic analysis of 4stroke single cylinder diesel engine, By using different blends of diesel &
soya oil has been carried out the effect of B-10,B-20,B-30,B-40,B-50 on the Brake Power, Thermal
Efficiency, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Total Fuel Consumption has been absorbed. The
experimental result shows that at B-40, the optimum BTE (12.09), maximum BP (1.221) and minimum
BSFC (0.694)
This study optimized the specific fuel consumption of a single cylinder diesel engine operating on blends of palm seed oil and diesel fuel. The parameters investigated were injection pressure, engine load, and blend ratio. A Taguchi experimental design with 16 runs was used to evaluate these parameters at different levels. Response curve analysis identified that an injection pressure of 200 bar, an engine load of 10 kg, and a blend ratio of B0D100 (100% diesel) produced the lowest specific fuel consumption of 0.28. The engine load had the greatest influence on specific fuel consumption, followed by injection pressure, with blend ratio having the smallest effect. The Taguchi method was able to optimize the engine parameters to minimize specific fuel consumption in fewer experimental trials
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
A REVIEW PAPER ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION TEST OF 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE USI...ijsrd.com
This document summarizes a review paper on performance and emission testing of a 4-stroke diesel engine using ethanol-diesel blends at different pressures. The paper reviews several previous studies that tested blends of 5-30% ethanol mixed with diesel fuel. The studies found that a 10-20% ethanol blend can improve brake thermal efficiency compared to pure diesel, while also reducing emissions like NOx and smoke. Higher ethanol blends required advancing the injection timing to allow the engine to run. Ethanol-diesel blends were found to have lower density, viscosity, pour point and higher flash point compared to pure diesel. Overall, ethanol shows potential as a renewable fuel to improve engine performance and reduce emissions when blended with diesel
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A CONVENTIONAL DIESEL ENGINE RUNNING IN DUAL FUEL M...IAEME Publication
1. The document evaluates the performance of a diesel engine running in dual fuel mode with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and diesel fuel.
2. LPG was inducted into the engine at rates of 0.094, 0.189, and 0.283 kg/hr using a fumigation method. This led to reductions in diesel consumption of up to 11% and improvements in brake specific fuel consumption of up to 32%.
3. However, brake thermal efficiency did not improve due to poor utilization of LPG's high energy content. While diesel was saved, using LPG resulted in higher overall costs and slightly reduced performance compared to diesel alone.
The use ofbiodiesel inconventional diesel engines resultsinsubstantialreductionof unburnedhydrocarbon,carbon
monoxideand particulatematters. The performance, emission and characteristics of a single cylinder four stroke
variable compression ratio multi fuel engine when fueled with mustard oil methyl ester and its 10%, 20%, and
blends with diesel (on a volume basis) are investigated and compared with standard diesel. Bio diesel
produced from mustard oil by transesterificationprocess has been used in this study. Experiment has been
conducted a compressionratios of 14:1, 16:1and 18:1 The impact of compression ratio on fuel consumption, and
exhaust gas emissions has been investigated and presented. Optimum compression ratio which gives best
performance has been identified. The blends when used as fuel results in reduction of carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides emissions. It is concluded that mustard oil ester can be used as fuel in diesel
engine by blending it with diesel fuel.
Karanja and Rapeseed Biodiesel: An Experimental Investigation of Performance...Er Sandeep Duran
In this research work the detailed investigation on performance and combustion characteristics of four stroke single cylinder engine with karanja and rapeseed biodiesel and its blends with diesel (in proportions of 20% and 50% by volume) under various load i.e. at no load, 25%, 50% and full load was assessed. At full load KB50 (karanja biodiesel blend) has been recorded lowest rate of pressure rise. KB20 has lowest
recorded BSFC as compared to all others of biodiesel for all loading condition even than diesel. The RB20 (rapeseed biodiesel blend) recorded maximum BMEP at full load. KB20 was recorded with maximum brake thermal efficiency at full load. So on the basis of performance and combustion parameters KB20 appears to be best alternative fuel than other blends of karanja biodiesel and rapeseed
biodiesel even than diesel.
Experimental investigation of Methanol blends with gasoline on SI engineIJERA Editor
Automobile have become a very important part of our modern life style. And it runs on fossil fuel. But the excessive use of fossil fuels will very soon leads to the energy crises so the future of automobile based on fossil fuels has been badly affected by two major problems. That is less availability of fuel and environmental degradation. So it is very important to found some new renewable non polluting alternative fuels to ensure the proper and safe survival of internal combustion engines. In present study we evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder spark ignition engine with ratio of 10%, 20% and 30% of methanol and gasoline by volume. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption and brake specific fuel consumption) were determined at various loads on engine with methanol blended gasoline. The comparison was made on performance of conventional SI engine with pure gasoline operation. As a result, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption showed improved performance when compared with pure gasoline performances.
Effect of variation in compression ratio on characteristics of ci engine fuellIAEME Publication
The document discusses the effect of varying compression ratio on the performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with a blend of 70% honge oil and 30% ethanol. Experiments were conducted at compression ratios of 17, 17.5, and 18. Brake thermal efficiency and cylinder pressure increased with higher compression ratios due to more complete combustion. Emissions of unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide decreased with increasing compression ratio. The highest performance was observed at a compression ratio of 18.
This document investigates the fuel properties of crude rice bran oil methyl ester (RBOME) and its blends with diesel and kerosene. RBOME was produced from crude rice bran oil using a three-stage transesterification process. The properties tested included viscosity, density, calorific value, flash point, and fire point. Viscosity and density were found to increase with higher proportions of RBOME in the blends. The calorific value of RBOME and blends was slightly lower than diesel. Blends with 20% RBOME had properties closest to diesel. Replacing some diesel with kerosene in blends did not significantly impact properties. The properties of R
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...Working as a Lecturer
this ppt for the Dissertation work for the An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WTO – Diesel blend with Additives in a Diesel Engine,contain all detail anlysis with result.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses optimizing biodiesel production from sunflower oil using response surface methodology. Specifically, it analyzes the interaction effects of temperature, catalyst concentration, and methanol to oil ratio on biodiesel yield. Through a series of experiments using a central composite design, the study determined that a temperature of 48°C, methanol to oil ratio of 6.825:1, and catalyst concentration of 0.679wt% provided an optimal biodiesel yield of 98.181%.
Experimental Investigations on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Bio...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of experiments conducted to evaluate the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel blends made from Java plum seed oil and custard apple seed oil. The key findings are:
- Biodiesel blends produced lower brake thermal efficiency compared to diesel fuel due to their lower energy content.
- Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions were lower for biodiesel fuels compared to diesel, while NOx emissions were slightly higher.
- Ignition delay was shorter for Java plum seed methyl ester blends compared to custard apple methyl ester blends and diesel fuel.
- The combustion characteristics of the methyl ester blends closely followed those of
This document discusses optimizing biodiesel production from sunflower oil using response surface methodology. Response surface methodology was used to analyze how temperature, catalyst concentration, and molar ratio affect biodiesel yield. The model showed these factors significantly impact yield. Optimization found the ideal conditions were 48°C, 0.679% potassium hydroxide catalyst concentration, and 6.825:1 molar ratio, which could achieve 98.181% yield. The biodiesel produced met standards and had properties making it a suitable alternative to petrodiesel.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
1) The document describes a new test method called OILPAS that measures engine oil aeration through optical imaging of bubbles in a test cell.
2) The OILPAS method dynamically aerates oil samples through agitation and measures the amount of dispersed gas as well as the time required for gas release.
3) Test results on various engine oils showed correlations between OILPAS measurements of aeration and deaeration to results from engine tests, demonstrating its effectiveness as an evaluation method.
Effect of Pilot Fuel Quantity on the Performance and Emission Characteristics...IOSR Journals
The serious environmental pollution and the energy crisis all over the world has caused for
development of the lower pollution and lower energy consumption automobile to become major research goal.
With huge back ground, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is projected as the best alternative fuel for the country
like India. The properties of CNG make it an ideal fuel for direct use in spark ignition engines. Conversion of
any existing spark ignition engine to operate on natural gas is relatively simple with available equipment. Many
spark ignition engine vehicles are successfully operating in major cities of India with CNG fuel. However CNG
cannot be used as a fuel in diesel engines with ease. Since the maximum engines at present run on diesel, it will
be very much useful if a solution could be found to alter the existing diesel engine with minimum modifications
to run on CNG. Several researchers could attempt to run diesel engines with CNG. In the process three methods
were reported to be successful to use CNG as a fuel in diesel engines, they are (i) Spark ignited gas mode (ii)
Direct injection of CNG in dual fuel mode and (iii) Premixed CNG dual fuel mode. In the present work a
premixed dual fuel engine was developed which can perform well for the entire range of load and experiments
are carried out by varying the pilot fuel amount and studied the effect of pilot fuel amount on engine
performance and emissions characteristics and determined optimum fuel injection quantity for better
performance and lower emissions.
Analysis of the effect of nozzle hole diameter on ci engine performance usingIAEME Publication
The document discusses an experimental study that analyzed the effect of diesel fuel injector nozzle hole diameter on engine performance using blends of karanja oil and diesel. Three different nozzle sizes were tested - one with holes of 0.25mm, 0.25mm and 0.15mm, another with all three holes at 0.4mm, and a third with holes all at 0.6mm. Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency, brake power, fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature were measured. Results showed that efficiency decreased with larger nozzle size while power initially increased but later decreased with load. Fuel consumption increased with larger nozzle size. Exhaust gas temperature also rose with larger nozzle size and higher karanja oil percentage in
iaetsd Effects of diethyl ether additives on palm biodiesel fuel characterist...Iaetsd Iaetsd
1. The document investigates the effects of adding diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to palm biodiesel fuel (POME) on fuel properties and low temperature flow properties.
2. DEE was blended with POME in ratios from 2-8% by volume and tested for properties including energy content, acid value, viscosity, density, pour point, and compliance with fuel standards.
3. The results showed that adding DEE improved properties like acid value, viscosity, density, and pour point, with increasing DEE content, though it slightly reduced energy content. Blends met fuel standard requirements.
IRJET- Preliminary Optimization of Duel Fuel Engine using Dimethyl Ether Prem...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into using dimethyl ether (DME) as a fuel additive for diesel engines to help reduce emissions. Key points:
- DME is tested as a pilot fuel for port injection in a single-cylinder diesel engine, with diesel as the main fuel, in a "dual-fuel" configuration. This allows controlling the premixed fuel-air ratio to achieve premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI).
- Preliminary results show DME can significantly reduce particulate emissions from diesel engines compared to diesel alone. However, NOx emissions may increase and require optimization of injection timing.
- DME has advantages over diesel such as being less toxic and producing lower emissions during combustion.
Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diese...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
1. The document analyzes combustion and heat release characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with blends of soybean biodiesel and diesel. Soybean oil was converted to biodiesel via transesterification, producing soybean methyl ester (SOME) biodiesel.
2. Combustion tests were conducted with SOME blends (5%, 10%, 15%) using pistons with different geometries - torodial, shallow torodial, and deep torodial. The shallow torodial piston showed the best combustion characteristics, with up to 6% higher peak cylinder pressure compared to the other pistons.
3. In-cylinder pressure and heat release rate were measured. SOME blends
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
1) The document evaluates the performance of a medium grade low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine operating on Mohr oil in its crude form and biodiesel form.
2) Key findings include the LHR engine showing improved brake thermal efficiency, decreased smoke levels, and increased NOx emissions compared to a conventional engine when operating on Mohr oil biodiesel. The optimum injection timing was also earlier for the LHR engine.
3) Performance was further improved for both the conventional and LHR engines when the Mohr oil biodiesel was preheated to reduce its viscosity before use.
Parametric Optimization of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine for Pyrolysis Oil an...IOSR Journals
Abstract: An experimental study has been carried out for pyrolysis oil blended with diesel used in single
cylinder diesel engine. Pyrolysis oil is obtained from tire waste by pyrolysis process. Pyrolysis process is a
thermo-chemical decomposition of organic matter in absence of oxygen. Blending of pyrolysis oil with diesel in
maximum possible proportion helps to reduce the consumption of diesel fuel. In this study, the effects of
parameters i.e. injection timing, injection pressure, compression ratio, and load are taken as variable for
optimization. As the experiment required simultaneously optimization of four parameters with five levels,
taguchi method of optimization is used in this experiment. The results of the taguchi experiment identifies that
220 injection timing, injection pressure 200 bar, compression ratio 16 and engine load 20kg are optimum
parameter setting for lowest break specific fuel consumption. Engine performance is mostly influenced by
engine load and is least influenced by Compression ratio.
Keyword: Pyrolysis oil, SFC, Taguchi Analysis, CI engine, Diesel
This document summarizes a study that used the Taguchi method to optimize the parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine running on blends of mahua oil and diesel to minimize specific fuel consumption. The parameters investigated were injection pressure (4 levels from 160-220 bar), blend ratio of mahua oil to diesel (4 levels from 0-30%), and engine load (4 levels from 1-10 kg). Experiments were conducted based on an L16 orthogonal array, with specific fuel consumption measured for each combination. Analysis of the results identified injection pressure of 160 bar, 0% blend ratio (diesel only), and engine load of 10 kg as the optimal parameter settings for minimum specific fuel consumption.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A CONVENTIONAL DIESEL ENGINE RUNNING IN DUAL FUEL M...IAEME Publication
1. The document evaluates the performance of a diesel engine running in dual fuel mode with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and diesel fuel.
2. LPG was inducted into the engine at rates of 0.094, 0.189, and 0.283 kg/hr using a fumigation method. This led to reductions in diesel consumption of up to 11% and improvements in brake specific fuel consumption of up to 32%.
3. However, brake thermal efficiency did not improve due to poor utilization of LPG's high energy content. While diesel was saved, using LPG resulted in higher overall costs and slightly reduced performance compared to diesel alone.
The use ofbiodiesel inconventional diesel engines resultsinsubstantialreductionof unburnedhydrocarbon,carbon
monoxideand particulatematters. The performance, emission and characteristics of a single cylinder four stroke
variable compression ratio multi fuel engine when fueled with mustard oil methyl ester and its 10%, 20%, and
blends with diesel (on a volume basis) are investigated and compared with standard diesel. Bio diesel
produced from mustard oil by transesterificationprocess has been used in this study. Experiment has been
conducted a compressionratios of 14:1, 16:1and 18:1 The impact of compression ratio on fuel consumption, and
exhaust gas emissions has been investigated and presented. Optimum compression ratio which gives best
performance has been identified. The blends when used as fuel results in reduction of carbon monoxide,
hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides emissions. It is concluded that mustard oil ester can be used as fuel in diesel
engine by blending it with diesel fuel.
Karanja and Rapeseed Biodiesel: An Experimental Investigation of Performance...Er Sandeep Duran
In this research work the detailed investigation on performance and combustion characteristics of four stroke single cylinder engine with karanja and rapeseed biodiesel and its blends with diesel (in proportions of 20% and 50% by volume) under various load i.e. at no load, 25%, 50% and full load was assessed. At full load KB50 (karanja biodiesel blend) has been recorded lowest rate of pressure rise. KB20 has lowest
recorded BSFC as compared to all others of biodiesel for all loading condition even than diesel. The RB20 (rapeseed biodiesel blend) recorded maximum BMEP at full load. KB20 was recorded with maximum brake thermal efficiency at full load. So on the basis of performance and combustion parameters KB20 appears to be best alternative fuel than other blends of karanja biodiesel and rapeseed
biodiesel even than diesel.
Experimental investigation of Methanol blends with gasoline on SI engineIJERA Editor
Automobile have become a very important part of our modern life style. And it runs on fossil fuel. But the excessive use of fossil fuels will very soon leads to the energy crises so the future of automobile based on fossil fuels has been badly affected by two major problems. That is less availability of fuel and environmental degradation. So it is very important to found some new renewable non polluting alternative fuels to ensure the proper and safe survival of internal combustion engines. In present study we evaluate the performance of two stroke single cylinder spark ignition engine with ratio of 10%, 20% and 30% of methanol and gasoline by volume. Performance parameters (brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption and brake specific fuel consumption) were determined at various loads on engine with methanol blended gasoline. The comparison was made on performance of conventional SI engine with pure gasoline operation. As a result, brake thermal efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption showed improved performance when compared with pure gasoline performances.
Effect of variation in compression ratio on characteristics of ci engine fuellIAEME Publication
The document discusses the effect of varying compression ratio on the performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with a blend of 70% honge oil and 30% ethanol. Experiments were conducted at compression ratios of 17, 17.5, and 18. Brake thermal efficiency and cylinder pressure increased with higher compression ratios due to more complete combustion. Emissions of unburnt hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide decreased with increasing compression ratio. The highest performance was observed at a compression ratio of 18.
This document investigates the fuel properties of crude rice bran oil methyl ester (RBOME) and its blends with diesel and kerosene. RBOME was produced from crude rice bran oil using a three-stage transesterification process. The properties tested included viscosity, density, calorific value, flash point, and fire point. Viscosity and density were found to increase with higher proportions of RBOME in the blends. The calorific value of RBOME and blends was slightly lower than diesel. Blends with 20% RBOME had properties closest to diesel. Replacing some diesel with kerosene in blends did not significantly impact properties. The properties of R
An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WT...Working as a Lecturer
this ppt for the Dissertation work for the An Experimental Investigation on Performance and Emission Parameters using WTO – Diesel blend with Additives in a Diesel Engine,contain all detail anlysis with result.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses optimizing biodiesel production from sunflower oil using response surface methodology. Specifically, it analyzes the interaction effects of temperature, catalyst concentration, and methanol to oil ratio on biodiesel yield. Through a series of experiments using a central composite design, the study determined that a temperature of 48°C, methanol to oil ratio of 6.825:1, and catalyst concentration of 0.679wt% provided an optimal biodiesel yield of 98.181%.
Experimental Investigations on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Bio...IRJET Journal
The document presents the results of experiments conducted to evaluate the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel blends made from Java plum seed oil and custard apple seed oil. The key findings are:
- Biodiesel blends produced lower brake thermal efficiency compared to diesel fuel due to their lower energy content.
- Carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions were lower for biodiesel fuels compared to diesel, while NOx emissions were slightly higher.
- Ignition delay was shorter for Java plum seed methyl ester blends compared to custard apple methyl ester blends and diesel fuel.
- The combustion characteristics of the methyl ester blends closely followed those of
This document discusses optimizing biodiesel production from sunflower oil using response surface methodology. Response surface methodology was used to analyze how temperature, catalyst concentration, and molar ratio affect biodiesel yield. The model showed these factors significantly impact yield. Optimization found the ideal conditions were 48°C, 0.679% potassium hydroxide catalyst concentration, and 6.825:1 molar ratio, which could achieve 98.181% yield. The biodiesel produced met standards and had properties making it a suitable alternative to petrodiesel.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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The serious environmental pollution and the energy crisis all over the world has caused for
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With huge back ground, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is projected as the best alternative fuel for the country
like India. The properties of CNG make it an ideal fuel for direct use in spark ignition engines. Conversion of
any existing spark ignition engine to operate on natural gas is relatively simple with available equipment. Many
spark ignition engine vehicles are successfully operating in major cities of India with CNG fuel. However CNG
cannot be used as a fuel in diesel engines with ease. Since the maximum engines at present run on diesel, it will
be very much useful if a solution could be found to alter the existing diesel engine with minimum modifications
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IRJET- Preliminary Optimization of Duel Fuel Engine using Dimethyl Ether Prem...IRJET Journal
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Experimental Investigation of Performance & Emission Characteristics of Diese...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
1. The document analyzes combustion and heat release characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with blends of soybean biodiesel and diesel. Soybean oil was converted to biodiesel via transesterification, producing soybean methyl ester (SOME) biodiesel.
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3. In-cylinder pressure and heat release rate were measured. SOME blends
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
1) The document evaluates the performance of a medium grade low heat rejection (LHR) diesel engine operating on Mohr oil in its crude form and biodiesel form.
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Parametric Optimization of Single Cylinder Diesel Engine for Pyrolysis Oil an...IOSR Journals
Abstract: An experimental study has been carried out for pyrolysis oil blended with diesel used in single
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optimization. As the experiment required simultaneously optimization of four parameters with five levels,
taguchi method of optimization is used in this experiment. The results of the taguchi experiment identifies that
220 injection timing, injection pressure 200 bar, compression ratio 16 and engine load 20kg are optimum
parameter setting for lowest break specific fuel consumption. Engine performance is mostly influenced by
engine load and is least influenced by Compression ratio.
Keyword: Pyrolysis oil, SFC, Taguchi Analysis, CI engine, Diesel
This document summarizes a study that used the Taguchi method to optimize the parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine running on blends of mahua oil and diesel to minimize specific fuel consumption. The parameters investigated were injection pressure (4 levels from 160-220 bar), blend ratio of mahua oil to diesel (4 levels from 0-30%), and engine load (4 levels from 1-10 kg). Experiments were conducted based on an L16 orthogonal array, with specific fuel consumption measured for each combination. Analysis of the results identified injection pressure of 160 bar, 0% blend ratio (diesel only), and engine load of 10 kg as the optimal parameter settings for minimum specific fuel consumption.
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This document summarizes an experimental investigation on the performance of a diesel engine using methyl esters of linseed oil (LSOME) and neem oil (NOME) as biofuels. Tests were conducted on a single cylinder, water cooled diesel engine at a constant speed of 1500 rpm using blends of LSOME and NOME with diesel (B10 and B20). Results show that the brake specific fuel consumption and indicated specific fuel consumption decreased for the biofuel blends compared to diesel. The brake thermal efficiency increased for the biofuel blends, with B20 showing equal efficiency to diesel. It was concluded that the biofuel blends derived from linseed and neem oils can be used as sustainable alternatives to
This document discusses optimizing the brake thermal efficiency of a compression ignition engine using diesel-sesame oil blends through parametric optimization via the Taguchi method. Three parameters were selected for the experiment: injection pressure, blend proportion, and loading condition. An L16 orthogonal array was used to conduct the minimum number of experiments to determine the best levels of the control factors. The results of the Taguchi method identified that maximum brake thermal efficiency was obtained at an injection pressure of 160 bar using a 10% diesel-sesame oil blend at a 10kg load.
Evaluate the Performance and Emission using EGR (Exhaust gas recirculation) i...IOSR Journals
To study different paper related to exhaust gas recirculation on four stroke compression ignition
engine fuelled with diesel/methanol blend of 10:90, 20:80 and 30:70 of methanol to diesel respectively were
studied to evaluate the performance and emission of engine. The performance of diesel engine increase with
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and is used in most modern high speed direct injection diesel engines because it lowers oxygen concentration
and flame temperature of the working fluid in the combustion chamber. To study evaluate and performance with
different EGR rate with and without variable compression ratio. After studying all different papers to review the
result the output power and torque for diesel fuel is lower compared to methanol-diesel blended fuel at any
mixing ratio and because of EGR the NOx emission and exhaust gas temperature reduced but emissions of
particulate matter (PM), HC, and CO were found to have increased with usage of EGR in CI engine.
PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF MAHUA BIODIESEL IN A DI- DIESEL E...IAEME Publication
This work is focused to determine the performance and emissions characteristics of a naturally aspirated direct ignition diesel engine fueled with diesel fuel (DF), mahua biodiesel (MBD) and preheated mahua biodiesel (MBD-PH). The fatty acid composition of MBD is determined and its properties like density, viscosity, cetane number, calorific value and iodine value are also determined. Engine performance tests showed that brake specific fuel consumption of MBD is higher than that of DF.
1) The study investigated the effect of varying fuel injection pressure and timing on particulate size, number, surface area, and volume distributions in a single cylinder diesel engine.
2) Results showed that particulate concentration increased with engine load but decreased with higher fuel injection pressure, as higher pressure improved fuel-air mixing.
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An Experimental Study of Variable Compression Ratio Engine Using Diesel Blend...IJAEMSJORNAL
Increase in the scarcity of the fossil fuels, prices and global warming have generated an interest in developing alternate fuel for engine. Technologies now focusing on development of plant based fuel, plant oils and plant fats as alternative fuel. The present work deals with finding the better compression ratio for the honne oil diesel blend fueled C.I engine at variable load and constant speed operation. In order to find out optimum compression ratio, experiments are carried out on a single cylinder four stroke variable compression ratio diesel engine. Engine performance tests are carried out at different compression ratio values. The optimum compression ratio that gives better engine performance is found from the experimental results. Using experimental data Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model was developed and the values were predicted using ANN. Finally the predicted values were validated with the experimentally.
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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF A DI DIESEL ENGINE USING TYRE PYROLYSIS OIL-DIE...IAEME Publication
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IRJET- Optimising the Diesel Additives in a Single Cylinder Diesel EngineIRJET Journal
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Engine Performance and Emission Test of Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil, Methanol...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: In this study, diesel fuel, Methanol and Waste Plastic Pyrolysis oil with an addition of cetane additive blends were tested in a four stroke Twin cylinder diesel engine. The objective of adding Cetane Additive is to improve the combustion of blended fuel and have better performance characteristics for the blend. The Cetane additive addition is as recommended by TOTAL AC2010A. The 1ml cetane additive is added to 1000ml of blended fuel. The main objective of this report is to analyze the fuel consumption and the emission characteristic of a diesel engine which uses waste plastic pyrolysis oil in alternation of an ordinary diesel which are available in the market. Four stroke Twin cylinder diesel engine was used in this study to find out the brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, and emissions with the fuel of fraction methanol and Waste plastic pyrolysis oil in diesel. In this study, the diesel engine was tested using methanol and waste plastic pyrolysis oil blended with diesel at certain mixing ratio of 5:5:90, 10:10:80 and 15:15:70 of methanol and waste plastic pyrolysis oil to diesel respectively. Experimental results of blended fuel and diesel fuel are also compared.
Ijaems apr-2016-2 Experimental Parametric Study of Biodiesel to Develop Econo...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
In this globalization realm, there in constant growth in the rate of expenditure of fossil fuels, consequent on ever increasing population and urbanization. This gives charge to depletion of finite resources in the near future. Fossil fuel emission causes global-warming also green-house gases are intangible factor which collectively degrading the planet. As such, the situation demands for an alternate source of energy that can be used to overcome the conjectured energy crisis. In contrast to this, if the energy source is clean and renewable, it will reduce the environmental trouble as well. In the quest an alternate and renewable energy resources, scientists have plead with a variety of options among which biodiesel-diesel blends as alternative fuels has become a popular option and is getting the attention of many researchers. This is because scientists have enlist the properties of biodiesel prepared from vegetable oils are very close to commercial diesel and thus it has a promising future as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Biodiesel being renewable, biodegradable and green fuel can reduce our dependence on conventional/non-renewable fossil fuels and it also helps to keep pure quality of air by reducing obnoxious automotive/vehicular emissions. Possible solution of this problem is to replace or find renewable and economically feasible fuel as an alternative source. Already a lot of work for source which fulfill the criteria of sustainability and economical carried out. But the effluent is critical issues. So characterization and formation of biodiesel with zero effluent is prime objective.
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This document presents an experimental study on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine using vegetable oils. Sesame seed oil and rice bran oil were tested in various blends with kerosene as fuel for a diesel engine. The properties of the fuels were analyzed and compared to diesel. The engine was then tested using the various fuel blends. It was found that rice bran oil blends performed better than sesame oil blends in terms of power, fuel consumption and carbon monoxide emissions. Emissions generally increased with vegetable oil blends compared to diesel, but rice bran oil blends had lower emissions than sesame oil blends. This study shows the potential for using vegetable oils and their blends as alternative fuels in diesel
1) The document discusses the performance and emissions of a twin cylinder diesel engine fueled with rapeseed oil blended with methanol.
2) Experiments were conducted to evaluate the brake thermal efficiency, brake specific energy consumption, and exhaust emissions including hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and smoke when using the biofuel blend compared to diesel fuel.
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This document summarizes a study on the performance and emissions of a 4-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine fueled with blends of coconut oil and diesel. The study found that operating the engine with coconut oil-diesel blends resulted in lower CO, CO2 and NOx emissions compared to pure diesel fuel. Increasing the proportion of coconut oil in the blend increased the engine's specific fuel consumption and decreased its brake thermal efficiency.
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1. Abstract
The biodiesel produced from vegetable oils, attracted
considerable attention around the world because of its
potential for low environmental impact as an alternative
fuel to diesel vehicles. The concern of the present
experimental investigation is the comparative assessment
of methyl esters of Mustard and Rice Bran oils as an
alternative fuel in a diesel engine. The study is based on
the combustion and emission characteristics of the engine.
A single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection, variable
compression ratio multi fuel engine is used to carry out the
experiments. In this process, the compression ratio’s
influence on the combustion parameters and exhaust gas
emissions has been explored and registered. When
compared to that of diesel, at higher compression ratios,
the results indicate shorter ignition delay, maximum rate
of pressure rise, lower heat release rate and higher mass
fraction burnt for the mustard methyl ester and Rice Bran
Methyl Esters. An increased emission of smoke and
reduced NOx has been observed upon usage of these
biodiesels.
Key words: Mustard oil, Rice Bran oil, Combustion,
Cylinder Pressure, Mass fraction Burnt, Heat Release,
Emissions, VCR Engine
I. INTRODUCTION
Diesel engines are having many adaptable domestic uses like
small irrigation water pumping systems, light weight four or
two seated auto cab & car engines and small electricity
generators etc. The brisk depletion of crude oil would cause
prime whack on the transportation sector.Thus, as a substitute
for diesel oil, ever increasing need for energy has laid the path
towards the growing interest in alternate fuels which can be
used in alternate fuels. Qualities like renewable,
biodegradable, eco-friendly, non-toxic nature have made these
alternate fuels a promising substitute to diesel with similar
properties [1,2]. Different tree borne oil seeds like jatropha,
karanja, mahua, castor, neem, canola, rapeseed, soybean,
sunflower seed, and corn have made their identity a potential
source for the biodiesel production in India [3–5]. For short-
term engine performance tests,vegetable oil has a considerable
potential as a fuel in diesel engines [6]. The usage of straight
vegetable oil gives less hazardous emissions because of
minimal sulphur and aromatic contents, more oxygen in its
structure, high cetane number, and easy burning [7]. In
addition to these properties, better flash point, improved
lubrication, higher biodegradability and non-toxicity are also
positive characteristics for which the researchers showing
interest to use these vegetable oils in diesel engines [8]. Due
to better ignition quality, uniform air–fuel mixing, and higher
oxygen content, the methyl esters that are derived from
vegetable oils result in aggressive rise in combustion pressure
and quick combustion during the initial inceptive premixed
combustion phase[9,10]. Since biodiesels have different
physical and chemical properties compared to petroleum
based diesel fuels, the use of biodiesel in the engine will affect
its Combustion and emission attributes. In this direction, a
systematic investigation is necessary to ensure the usage of
pure biodiesel in any engine without any major modifications
of its hardware.A huge number of experimental investigations
have been reported to study the combustion and emission
characteristics of biodiesel used in diesel engine operated at
constant compression ratio. Studies on variable compression
ratio engine are however, relatively few[11,12]. Further,
comparative studies on a variable compression ratio diesel
engine using methyl esters of Mustard oil and Rice bran oils
as fuel have not reported.
The prime intent of the present experimental investigations is
to appraise the combustion and emission characteristics of a
single-cylinder, four-stroke, water cooled, direct injection,
variable compression ratio, compression ignition engine. In
the lieu of the same, experiments were carried out
forcombustion and emission characteristics of variable
compression ratio engine using MME, RBME and diesel at
A.P., India
dr.smt.g.prasanthi@gmail.com
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
JNTUACEA, Anantapuramu,
A.P., India
aparnaimandi@gmail.com
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
MVGRCE, Vizianagaram,
A.P., India
stanlyrajesh@mvgrce.edu.in
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
MVGRCE, Vizianagaram,
A.P., India
naradasuravi@mvgrce.edu.in
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering,
MVGRCE, Vizianagaram,
Prasanthi G. Aparna Devi Imandi
Ravi KumarNaradasu Rajesh Guntur *
Effect of Compression Ratio on Combustion and
Emission Characteristics of C.I. Engine
International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]
ISBN 978-1-4799-3158-3
1103
2. compression ratios 15:1, 16:1 and 18:1 from zero load to full
load conditions. The combustion parameters emissions of
alternate fuels are compared to diesel data and discussed in
detail.
II. PREPARATION OF METHYL ESTERS OF
MUSTARD OIL AND RICE BRAN OIL
The process of transesterification is used to produce biodiesel.
In the present work, initially free fatty acids in the oils were
reduced by acid-catalyzed treatment (methanol with sulphuric
acid) followed by alkali catalyzed transesterification (using
methanol with NaOH). The properties of prepared fuels
tabulated in the Table 1 showing its comparison with diesel.
Table 1 Comparison of Properties of Diesel, MME and RBME
Property Parameters Diesel MME RBME
Density at 20 ºC g/cm3
0.835 0.881 0.8742
Viscosity at 40 ºC mm2/s 4.1 4.71 4.63
Flash Point. ºC 71 197 165
Pour Point ºC -16 -12 3
Cetane Number 45 56.9 56.2
Iodine Number J2 g/100g 6 122.3 102
Acid value, mg KOH/g 0.07 0.19 0.25
Oxygen content, Max wt% 0.4 9.89 11.25
Net Heating Value, MJ/kg 43.5 38.51 32.725
III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
The setup shown in Fig 1 consists of single cylinder, four
stroke, VCR (Variable Compression Ratio) Engine coupled to
eddy current dynamometer for loading the engine. It has the
provision for necessary instruments to measure the
combustion pressure, crank angle, air flow, fuel flow,
temperatures and load. The obtained signals are interfaced to
the computer by a high speed data acquisition device. The
setup has stand along panel box comprises of an air box, twin
fuel tank, manometer, fuel measuring unit, transmitters, air
and fuel flow measurements, process indicator, rotameters and
piezo powering unit. The setup enables to study the VCR
engine combustion characteristics along with the performance
characteristics. Table 2 shows the engine specifications on
which Experiments were conducted.
Table 2.Engine specifications
Make : Kirloskar Oil Engines
Model : TV1
Type : 1 cylinder
No. of strokes : 4 stroke
Type of cooling : water cooled
Stroke : 110mm
Bore : 87.5 mm
Capacity : 661 cc
Power : 3.5 KW at 1500 rpm
CR range : 12:1-18:1
Injection variation : 23 Deg before TDC
Operating speed : 1500rpm
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The graphs are plotted for different combustion parameters
with respect to crank angles and for emission parameters with
respect to loads. Among these considered parameter are
cylinder pressure, heat release rate, mass fraction burnt, NOx
emissions and smoke opacity. The combustion and emission
data obtained of Methyl ester of Mustard and Rice Bran oil
are compared with the available baseline data of diesel fuel. In
the combustion plots crank angles are ranges from negative
values to positive values. The zero value represents TDC and
the negative and positive values represent the crank angle
before and after TDC respectively.
1. Cylinder Pressure
Fig.2 shows the juxtaposition of CP in reference to crank
angle for various compression ratios and fuels.
Fig 1 Layout of VCR Engine connected with gas analyzer and smoke meter
It can be observed that there is pressure rise for biodiesels is
higher than that of the Diesel fuel. The apex pressures for
diesel are lower than the summit pressure values of RBME
being 51.96 bar, 54.52 bar and 63.5 bar respectively, as
against a peak pressure values of 49.83, 50.69 and 63.53 bar
for diesel at the compression ratios 15:1, 16:1 and 18:1
respectively. As compared to the MME, the pressure rise is
less in case of the RBME. The peak pressures for the MME
are slightly more than the diesel and these being 54.47, 54.99
and 63.87 bar for compression ratios 15:1, 16:1 and 18:1
respectively. From the results, with subsequent change in
compression ratio, there is a rise in the cylinder pressure that.
The crank angles at which these apex pressures were obtained
found to be same for the three test fuels. Moreover, in the
initial stages, peak pressure of diesel engines mainly depends
on the combustion rate. This is also influenced by the fuel
intake component in the uncontrolled heat release phase and
the premixed combustion which in turn is dependent on the
delay period and the mixture preparation[13,14]. Also, the two
tested biodiesels have depicted an earlier start of combustion
than that of diesel. The reason for this can be accounted to the
higher cetane number of these biodiesels which yields a better
ignition quality, oxygen content, and a better air-fuel mixing.
This situation may be the reason for the extended combustion
duration[9].
2. Rate of Pressure Rise
The dissimilitude of ROPR with the crank angle for different
compression ratios for Diesel, MME and RBME is shown in
Fig.3. It was observed from the comparison of ROPR for the
compression ratios 15:1, 16:1 and 18:1, MME and RBME
fuels give lower ROPR than the diesel ROPR. However, it
was also observed that the peak ROPR has advanced in case
of the biodiesels. This obtained result can be attributed to the
International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]
ISBN 978-1-4799-3158-3
1104
3. decrease in ignition delay of MME. The declination in ignition
delay indicates that the quantity of the fuel that is accumulated
is lesser than that of higher ignition delay. Hence, the pressure
rise observed in the case of MME is not as radical as in the
case of diesel[15]. As discussed, the reason for shorter
ignition delay is the higher viscosity and earlier combustion is
the higher cetane number of the fuel [16]. Towards the end of
compression, ROPR is slightly more in case of MME and
RBME and it has shown a significant affect by RBME as
compared to the MME and diesel at CR 16:1. ROPR is
advanced by 3 to 7 o
CA at CR 18:1 for all the test fuels. This
can be accredited to the fact that compression pressure
increases with changing CR. This ultimately leads to the early
start of combustion in the cylinder. The obtained Comparable
rate of pressure rise indicates a sturdy and smooth operation of
a compression ignition engine with biodiesel from the RBME
[17].
Fig 2 Comparison of cylinder pressure with Crank Angle for (a) DIESEL (b)
MME and (c) RBME
Fig 3 variation of Rate of Pressure Rise with Crank Angle for (a) DIESEL (b)
MME and (c) RBME
3. Cumulative Heat Release
The change in CHR with reference to the angle made by the
crank for Diesel, MME and RBME at the compression ratios
15:1, 16:1 and 18:1 is given in Fig.4. Analysis of the heat
release rate is based on the changes in crank angle of the
cylinder. Upon observation, the heat release rate initially
decreased at the advent of combustion and further increased.
Fig 4 Change in Cumulative Heat Release with Crank Angle for (a) DIESEL
(b) MME and (c) RBME
CHR is more for the biodiesels MME and RBME towards the
end part of the combustion process to produce the required
output. This is because of the greater heat release which is a
result of diffusion combustion that takes place in
biodiesels[18]. Also the amount of fuel intake in the case of
combustion is more for MME and RBME resulting in higher
amount of heat release upon usage of biodiesel fuels.
Moreover, increased HRR is an evidence of better premixed
combustion. Higher HRR for bio-diesel may be due to the
presence of excess oxygen in its structure and also injection
advance apart from static injection advance. The higher
boiling point of biodiesel may also an end result of higher
HRR. In the case of biodiesel, an increased cumulative heat
release is observed due to their low calorific value which gets
compensated by their higher fuel flow rate though their
calorific values are usually lower than that of diesel fuel.
However, in the case of MME, both the fuel consumption
rates and the calorific values are more compared to the
RBME. Hence, the cumulative heat release observed is more
for the MME. Also, the heat release rate increases at lower
compression ratio 15:1, for all the test fuels and slightly
decreases at high compression ratios. The entrainment of air,
lower rate of air/fuel and theviscosity of the biodiesels are the
reasons for this change [11].
4. Mass fraction Burnt
The disparity of the MFB with the angle of crank for Diesel,
MME and RBME at different compression ratios is given in
Fig.5. The start of combustion for the diesel, MME and
RBME under the three compression ratios ranges from about
347 to 406, 345 to 409 and 346 to 404 crank angle degrees
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
0
20
40
60
Crank Angle (deg)
CylinderPressure(bar)
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
0
20
40
60
Crank Angle (deg)
CylinderPressure(bar)
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
0
20
40
60
Crank Angle (deg)
CylinderPressure(bar)
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
Fuel : DIESEL
Fuel : MME Fuel : RBME
(a)
(c)(b)
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
0
2
4
Crank Angle (deg)
ROPR(dP/dO)
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
0
2
4
Crank Angle (deg)
ROPR(dP/dO)
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
0
2
4
Crank Angle (deg)
ROPR(dP/dO)
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
Fuel : DIESEL
Fuel : MME Fuel : RBME
(a)
(c)(b)
-50 0 50 100
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Crank Angle (deg)
CHR(kJ)
-50 0 50 100
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Crank Angle (deg)
CHR(kJ)
-50 0 50 100
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Crank Angle (deg)
CHR(kJ)
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
Fuel : DIESEL
Fuel : MME
Fuel : RBME
(a)
(c)(b)
International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]
ISBN 978-1-4799-3158-3
1105
4. respectively. It is observed that an increased compression ratio
resulted in advancement of combustion for all the test fuels.
The 1° and 2° Crank Angle advancement in case of diesel and
MME for 50% mass fraction burnt clearly indicates enhanced
combustion at compression ratio 16:1 and 18:1.
Fig 5 Disparity of Mass Fraction Burned with Crank Angle for (a) DIESEL
(b) MME and (c) RBME
(a)
(b)(c)
Fig 6 Variation of NOx with Load for (a) DIESEL (b) MME and (c) RBME
The constant advancement of combustion with RBME shows
that the compression ratio has no effect up to 50% of mass
fraction burnt. 2o
Crank angle advancement has been observed
at compression ratio 18:1 for 90% of mass fraction burnt. The
three test fuels at lower compression ratios caused prolonged
combustion and vice versa. The longer combustion duration is
also observed with the MME and RBME. The oxygen content
of MME and RBME, aids in sustained combustion during
diffusive combustion phase. It is found that higher burning
rates are measured for RBME(360.78o
CA) compared with
MME(363.57 o
CA) and Diesel(362.01o
CA) in the early stage
of combustion process, i.e., slope of the mass fraction curve is
very high for the RBME(50% of the mass fraction burnt).
MME also recorded comparatively higher mass fraction
burning rates than Diesel and this is due to the improved
combustion. Crank Angle advance compared to standard
conditions indicates reduced ignition delay which is essential
for effective combustion.
5. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission
The variation of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions with
reference to various loads for the three fuels is shown in Fig.
6. It is observed that NOx emissions increase by altering in
load for all the test fuels. Since Biodiesels are having more
oxygen, during combustion of the fuel, the nitrogen present in
air forms nitric oxide in the combustion chamber. NOx
emissions are decreased with MME, RBME and Diesel fuels
with the increase in Compression ratio. The percentage of
decrease in the NOx emissions for MME compared to the
diesel under the compression ratio 15:1 and 16:1 are 6.02 %,
45.14% and an increase of 60.93% is observed at compression
ratio18:1. The reason for this is due the minimal heat of
compressed air. The RBME operation under the compression
ratios 15:1, 16:1 results increase in NOx emissions and
reduction is observed for the same fuel at compression ratio
18:1. The decrease of amount of fuel which is burnt at a high
temperature is a reason for the lowered NOx emission.
(a)
(b) (c)
Fig 7 Adaptation of Smoke with Load for (a) DIESEL (b) MME and (c)
RBME
6. Smoke opacity
Smoke opacity with adaptation of load for the three fuels
under threes CRs was shown in Fig.7. With the increase in
load, the smoke opacity increases because a richer mixture is
burnt in the cylinder. The compression ratio 16:1 follow the
same trend for part load operation but opposite trend is
observed as it approaches full load condition. Smoke opacity
is found to decline with the appraisal in compression ratio due
to the fact that at higher CR, the heat of the compressed air is
high enough to cause complete combustion of fuel.At lower
350 360 370 380 390 400 410
0
20
40
60
80
100
Crank Angle (deg)
MFB(%)
350 360 370 380 390 400 410
0
20
40
60
80
100
Crank Angle (deg)
MFB(%)
350 360 370 380 390 400 410
0
20
40
60
80
100
Crank Angle (deg)
MFB(%)
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
Fuel : DIESEL
Fuel : MME Fuel : RBME
(a)
(c)(b)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 25 50 75 100
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
Load (%)
NOx(ppm)
Fuel : DIESEL
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0 25 50 75 100
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
Load (%)
NOx(ppm)
Fuel : MME
0
200
400
600
800
1000
0 25 50 75 100
CR-15
CR-16
CR-18
Load (%)
NOx(ppm)
Fuel : RBME
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 25 50 75 100
CR-15 CR-16 CR-18
Load (%)
Smoke(HSU)
Fuel : DIESEL
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 25 50 75 100
CR-15 CR-16 CR-18
Load (%)
Smoke(HSU)
Fuel : MME
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 25 50 75 100
CR-15 CR-16 CR-18
Load (%)
Smoke(HSU)
Fuel : RBME
International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]
ISBN 978-1-4799-3158-3
1106
5. CR, however, incomplete combustion of fuel takes place. The
smoke opacity emissions are increased with use of MME and
RBME compared to diesel fuel operation, these being 8.2%,
19.12%, 36.69% and 25.47%, 13.69%, 11.34% for
compression ratios 15:1, 16:1 and 18:1 respectively. This may
attribute to the fact that the higher viscosity and lower
volatility of biodiesel results in ambiguity of atomizing it.
Hence, incomplete combustion of fuel takes place [19].
V. CONCLUSIONS
A comparative investigation is drawn in the area of
combustion and emission characteristics of a multi fuel VCR
engine fueled with MME and RBME with that of standard
diesel. The results are elaborately discussed arriving at the
following conclusions.
The increase in compression ratio, results in increased
temperature and pressure of air which is participating in
combustion. The ignition delay period is decreased on
increasing of compression ratio.
Under all the compression ratios, CPsare closer to the
diesel fuel operation when fuelled with RBME. At
compression ratio 18:1 it was observed that the cylinder
pressure values are almost same for the RBME and Diesel
Fuels. There is no significant change in the cylinder
pressure when fueled with MME compared to RBME at
compression ratio16:1.
The MFB has been affected by the RBME compared to
the Diesel and MME. Improved combustion is observed
with the use of RMBE at all the compression ratios. With
the use of MME, no significant change was found in mass
fraction burnt compared to the Diesel operation under all
the compression ratios.
Significant Reduction in NOx emissions is found and
usage of MME at compression ratio 16:1 can be
recommended. RBME fuel can be used at compression
ratio18:1 even though smoke emissions are more than the
diesel fuel operation but it gives reduced NOx emissions
From the reasons stated above, it is quite evident that upon
comparison with standard diesel, at a compression ratio 18:1
fueling with RBME is superior. There is slight increase in
Smoke emission with RBME and they are in acceptable range.
The study proves that RBME can be substitute fuel for diesel.
VI. NOMENCLATURE
VCR Variable Compression Ratio
MME Mustard Methyl Ester
RBME Rice Bran Methyl Ester
CR Compression Ratio
CP Cylinder Pressure
ROPR Rate of Pressure Rise
CHRR Cumulative Heat Release Rate
MFB Mass Fraction Burnt
NOx Oxides of Nitrogen
VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors are thankful to the All India Council for
Technical Education (AICTE) New Delhi, Government of
India for providing Grant ( Ref: 8023/RID/RPS-41/Pvt(II
Policy)/2011-12 dated 07 Feb 2012.) under Research
Promotion Scheme(RPS) for the purchase of variable
compression ratio multi fuel engine test rig.
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International Conference on Recent Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Interdisciplinary Developments [ICRAMID - 2014]
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