The Crusades were a series of religious wars called by the Pope in the 11th century to recapture the Holy Land from Muslim rule. Jerusalem was an important religious site for Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, leading to conflict over control of the city. Pope Urban II launched the First Crusade in 1095 after Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem were attacked by Seljuk Turks. The Crusaders succeeded in taking Jerusalem in 1099 but failed to maintain permanent control of the city, which was recaptured by Saladin in 1187. The Crusades ultimately did not achieve their goal of permanently securing Christian control over the Holy Land and led to continued conflict between Christians and Muslims over Jerusalem.

1. THE CRUSADES

2. THE CONCEPT OF A UNITED
CHRISTENDOM MEANT THAT
LOYALTY TO THE ________ CAME
BEFORE LOYALTY TO THE
GOVERNMENT.
Catholic
Church

3. EUROPE 1000­1100

4. NOVEMBER 18, 1095­CLERMONT
FRANCE
“You Common people
who have been
miserable sinners,
become soldiers of
Christ!
You nobles, do not
[quarrel] with one
another.
Use your arms in a just
war! Labor for
everlasting reward.”
Pope Urban II calls the crusades

6. CRUSADE
 The word “crusade” is
from the Latin word
for cross “crux”.
 Why did the name of
these battles originate
from the word for
cross?
 It was supposed to be
a religious battle

7. WHO ARE THE SELJUKS?
The Seljuks
were a group of
Turks who
became
Muslims.
Originating in
Central Asia,
they moved into
Southwest Asia.

8. QUESTIONS
What is
Southwest
Asia better
known as?
The Middle
East
What is located
in The Middle
East?
The Holy Lands
of the Islamic,
Christian and
Jewish Religion

9. WHAT CITIES ARE HOLY TO ISLAM?
Mecca

10. WHAT CITIES ARE HOLY TO ISLAM?
Medina

11. WHAT CITIES ARE HOLY TO ISLAM?
Jerusalem

12. WHAT MIDDLE EASTERN CITY IS
HOLY TO CHRISTIANITY?
Jerusalem

13. WHAT MIDDLE EASTERN CITY IS
HOLY TO JUDAISM
Jerusalem

14. WHY MIGHT THERE BE CONFLICT
HERE?
This picture shows holy sites of three of the world’s
Major religions. This picture is of an area .35 square miles
In comparison, Hackensack is 4.1 square miles.

15. PILGRIMAGES
 In Chapter one we
talked about The Hajj,
the pillar of Islam
that commands
Muslims to visit
Mecca at least once in
their lives.
 Other religions have
pilgrimages as well

16. CHRISTIAN PILGRIMAGES
 Christians of the
11th
Century
wanted to make a
pilgrimage to The
Church of The
Holy Sepulcher,
the spot which
they believed that
Jesus was buried.

17. TURKS ATTACK PILGRIMS

18. TURKS BEGIN TO ATTACK
PILGRIMS
European Christian
Pilgrims on their way
to Jerusalem begin to
be attacked by Turks.
This is in direct
violation with Muslim
beliefs about
Christianity.

19. ISLAMIC TEACHING
How does
Islam regard
Christianity?
Islam regards
Christians and
Jews as “People
of The Book”
meaning that
they all
worshipped
similarly

20. URBAN II LAUNCHES CRUSADES

21. WAS RELIGION THE ONLY REASON
FOR CRUSADES?
 No, Europeans wanted control of the key trade
routes between Africa, Asia and Europe.
 The church also wanted the riches of the
Byzantine Empire.
 Where does the divide between The Church and
The Byzantine Empire from?
 The divide between The Church and The
Byzantines comes from the split in The Roman
Empire. The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern
Empire and The Church was from the Western
Empire.

23. THE PEOPLE’S CRUSADE
 Before Urban II’s
First Crusade, a group
of peasants made an
unorganized attempt
to take Jerusalem.
 Their disorganization
and lack of
preparation meant
that few survived.
 At left, Peter the
Hermit, organizer of
The People’s Crusade

24. CRUSADES BEGIN
 Knights reach
Constantinople and
treat The Byzantines
badly. They then turn
their attention to
Jerusalem
 The First Crusade
takes Jerusalem
killing 10,000.

25. MANY GO OFF TO JOIN THE
CRUSADES
 Included in those who
join The Crusades are
Richard The
Lionhearted, King of
England.
 In Richard’s place, his
brother John rules
England.
 What famous story
takes place while King
Richard is off at The
Crusades?

26. CONTROL OF JERUSALEM GOES
BACK AND FORTH
The later
crusades had
control of
Jerusalem going
back and forth
between The
Muslims and
The Christians.

27. SALADIN CAPTURES JERUSALEM
The Great Muslim
Leader, Saladin
captures Jerusalem
for good in 1187.
King Richard of
England asks Saladin
to return Jerusalem to
the Christians, he
refuses saying…

28. SALADIN’S RESPONSE TO RICHARD
I
“To us Jerusalem is as
precious…as it is to you,
because it is the place where
our Prophet [Muhammad]
made his journey by night to
heaven…Do not dream that
we will give it up to you.”

29. SALADIN ALLOWS CHRISTIANS TO VISIT
JERUSALEM AND THE CHURCH OF THE
HOLY SEPULCHER
Saladin entrusts 2
families to open
The Church of
The Holy
Sepulcher every
day so that
Christians may
visit
 The Joudeh family
was entrusted with
the key and the
Nussiebeh family was
entrusted with
unlocking the door.
 Members of these
families have
unlocked the doors
every day since 1192
 How many years is
that?
 816

30. EVALUATE THE CRUSADES
Were they a success?
 YES
 Christians were given
access to The Holy
Land, even if they did
not control it
 Christians also gained
new products and
sources of trade
 NO
 The Crusades did not
accomplish their goal
of capturing and
controlling the Holy
City of Jerusalem

31. WHY JOIN THE CRUSADE?
 What types of things do you think people were
told to get them to join The Crusades?
 What reasons do you think people used for
joining The Crusades?
 What could get you to join a Crusade, religious or
otherwise?
 Do you think you could get people to join a
Crusade?

32. CREATE YOUR OWN CRUSADE
 Working with a partner, use the materials
provided by Mr. Wexler to create a poster
convincing people to join a crusade.
 Use the examples given on the board, or your own
idea on what you want people to join you on a
crusade for.
 Remember, be persuasive. You are trying to get
people to give something up in order to join you
on this crusade