The document discusses the Crusades, which were a series of military expeditions made by European Christians between the 11th and 13th centuries to recover the Holy Land from Muslim rule. It provides background on the Crusades, outlining religious, political, social, and economic reasons for them. It then summarizes each Crusade, including locations, results, involved Christian and Muslim powers. Finally, it discusses the results of the Crusades, including increased alienation between Christians and Muslims and revolutionizing European civilization and economic systems by exposure to advanced Muslim societies.

1. Crusades “‫جنگیں‬ ‫”صلیبی‬
Ethics and Comparative Religion

2. Group Members
 Mozam Ali
 M Umar Farooq
 Junaid Afzal
 Muhammad Taimur Adil
 Abdul Rahman
 Ayaz Ishaq

3. Crusades
 Each of a series of medieval military
expeditions made by Europeans to
recover the Holy Land from the
Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th
centuries.

4. Crusades Background
 To ensure Christian dominance over Palestine
especially over Baytul-Maqdis, European
Christians have fought numerous wars which are
referred as “CRUSADES” in charters of history.
 These wars were fought in the lands of Palestine
and Syria in the name of Christian “‫.”صلیب‬

5. Crusades Background Contd.
 Baytul-Maqdis was under Muslim
control since Hazrat Umar R.A.
Christians didn’t claim this land for
centuries but in end of 11th century
after the fall of Seljuq Empire suddenly
the idea of re-capturing Baytul-Maqdis
evolved in the Christian lobby.

6. Crusades Background Contd.
 For centuries, it has remained a sign
of shame for entire Europe that these
wars were based on conservative
mentality, discrimination, immorality
and cruelty. Even European scholars
testify to these shameful deeds of
European empire.

7. Reasons of Crusades
 Religious
 Political
 Social
 Economical

8. Religious Reason
 Muslims have remained the custodians
of the holy places for centuries, even
when non-Muslims perform their
pilgrimage to their holy places under
Muslim authorities, Muslims have never
failed to facilitate and help visitors.
 But when the Islamic Caliphate started to
weaken these people started creating
false stories about bad Muslim attitude
with them.

9. Political Reason
 Islam at its peak had taken over
several of the biggest empires of the
world.
 Africa, Asia, islands of roman sea
Spain and Portugal , all these lands
were under Muslims.
 But then in the 11th century the
condition of the Islamic world had
changed a lot, the Abaidi sultanate in
Egypt was on the verge of decline.

10. Political Reason Contd.
 The Muslim control over Siclihad
weakened.
 Christians of the Roman Sea had
gotten powerful.
 The crusades were a mutual reaction
of European Christians against the
Muslims political dominance in the
world.

11. Social Reason
 Europe was still under development
as compared to the Muslim world.
 In socio-economic point of view,
equality, unity and justice were some
key principles that Muslim culture
enjoyed as opposed to the Christian
European culture, which was still not
in practice for these principles.

12. Social Reason Contd.
 Poor and helpless people were caught
up in different kinds bans non-civilized
rules & regulations.
 European system based on land-
lordship system.
 The landlords were feasting on the
blood of the poor and the poor had no
rights in the European society.

13. Economical Reason
 The word of prosperity and wealth of
the Islamic world was common in
Europe. Europe still hadn’t witness
these stages of prosperity those were
enjoyed by Eastern Islamic countries.
 All of the European elements which
didn’t had any way to earn wealth in
Europe, indulge themselves in such
religious movements.

14. Pope Urban II Speech
 On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II
makes the most powerful speech of
the Middle Ages, giving rise to the
Crusades by calling all Christians in
Europe to war against Muslims in
order to reclaim the Holy Land, with a
cry of "Deus vult!" or "God wills it!“
after that first crusade has been
started.

15. First Crusade 1096 - 1099
Location Result
Near East (Palestine) Crusaders Victory
Christian Empire Involved Muslim Empire Involved
Kingdom Of France Saljuq Empire
Roman Empire Abbasid
Christian Leaders Muslim Leaders
Godfrey Imad Ud Din Zangi
Raymond IV Noor Ud Din Zangi

16. Second Crusade 1147 -
1149
Location Result
Near East (Palestine) , Egypt Muslim Victory in Holy Land
Christian Empire Involved Muslim Empire Involved
Kingdom of Jerusalem Saljuq Empire
Kingdom of France Abbasid
Christian Leaders Muslim Leaders
Queen of Jerusalem Imad Ud Din Zangi
Raymond IV Mesud I

17. Third Crusade 1189 - 1192
Location Result
Near East (Anatolia) Crusaders Victory
Jerusalem remains under
Muslim
Christian Empire Involved Muslim Empire Involved
Kingdom of Jerusalem Ayyubids, Zengids
Kingdom of England Kingdom of Sicily (Christian
Alliance)
Christian Leaders Muslim Leaders
Queen of Jerusalem Saladin Ayyubi
Noor Ud Din Zangi
Raymond IV Issac I and II

18. Fourth Crusade 1202 -
1204
Location Result
Balkans Creation of Latin Empire
Christian Empire Involved Muslim Empire Involved
Kingdom of France Ayyubids
Roman Empire Bulgarian Empire
Christian Leaders Muslim Leaders
Boniface I Kaloyan of Bulgaria
Louis Malik Al-Adil (Ayyubi Sultan)

19. Children’s Crusades 1212
 Also Known as "‫جنگ‬ ‫صلیبی‬ ‫کی‬ ‫بچوں‬“
 Elders are sinful and child are innocent.
 So they would gave us victory.
Location Result
Bait Ul Makdas Badly Defeated
Christian Empire Involved Number of Children
Kingdom of France 30,000
Germany 7,000
Child Leaders
Nicholas of Cologne (Germany)
Stephan of Cloyes (France)

20. Fifth Crusade 1213 - 1221
Location Result
Egypt and Holy Land Decisive Muslim victory
(8 year peace)
Christian Empire Involved Muslim Empire Involved
Jerusalem Ayyubids
Roman Empire
Christian Leaders Muslim Leaders
Andrew II Al Kamil
Leopold VI

21. Sixth Crusade 1228 - 1229
Location Result
Cyprus, Near East Diplomatic Crusader victory
Christian Empire Involved Muslim Empire Involved
Jerusalem Ayyubids
Christian Leaders Muslim Leaders
Frederick II Al Kamil
Henry I Aadil Ayubi

22. Seventh Crusade
Location Result
Al-Mansourah, Egypt Decisive Muslim victory
Christian Empire Involved Muslim Empire Involved
Kingdom of France Ayyubids
Knight Templar Bahris
Christian Leaders Muslim Leaders
Louis IX As-Salih Ayyub
Robert I Izz al-Din Aybak

23. Eighth Crusade 1270
Location Result
Tunisia Muslim Victory
Death of Louis I
Christian Empire Involved Muslim Empire Involved
Kingdom of France Ayyubids
Hafsids
Christian Leaders Muslim Leaders
Louis IX Salah Ud Din Ayyubi
Charles I Muhammad I al-Mustansir

24. Ninth Crusade 1271 - 1272
Location Result
Near East Crusaders Badly Defeated
Christian Empire Involved Muslim Empire Involved
Kingdom of France Bahris
Christian Leaders Muslim Leaders
Charles I Baibars

25. Tenth Crusade
 Incident of 9/11 in USA
 Word “crusade” has been used in G W
Bush interview after this incident
 War on terror “Crusade (‫جنگ‬ ‫”)صلیبی‬
 Europe and Muslim
countries criticized that.

26. Results of Crusades
 These crusades were imposed on
Muslims without any grounds they
didn’t just brought ruin but they also
dragged the entire world into darkness
and annihilation.
 These Crusades were fought to take
Palestine into the Christian control but
it went in vain; Palestine remained in
Muslim authority.

27. Results of Crusades Contd.
 The sense of alienation between
Muslim and Christians scholars and
followers is primarily due to these
Crusades. Moreover, the existence of
Israel in Palestinian land in addition to
New World Order is also a link feature
of these Crusades.

28. Results of Crusades Contd.
 When European non-civilized
community came across literate and
highly-civilized Muslims, they couldn’t
help but got astonished. Islamic
civilization revolutionized European
mentality that also led towards
European educational revolution.

29. Results of Crusades Contd.
 The upper-lord / land-lord system was
abolished in Europe and it was
replaced by continuous economic
system.

30. Results of Crusades Contd.
 Goods for goods exchange were
removed and coinage was introduced
in European markets. Moreover,
Industry and profession fields
developed in Europe. Even the
European architecture benefited from
Muslim field of architectural marvels.