The document summarizes key events in the development of coal mining and steam power technology in Wales in the late 18th and 19th centuries as described in a journal. It discusses how the invention of the steam engine revolutionized coal mining by making it faster and more efficient than previous methods. It then describes how new ironworks and mines, including the successful Tylerstown Coal Mine opened by Alfred Tyler, continued fueling the industrial revolution and bringing wealth to local mine owners. However, it also notes the harsh working conditions faced by miners and the dangers of mining accidents, including a deadly explosion at the Tylerstown mine in 1896 that killed over 100 miners.
Rhys Evans kept a journal documenting his family's experiences during the Industrial Revolution in Wales. The journal entries describe:
1) How Rhys's grandfather talked about life before the steam engine was invented in 1781, and how it changed work and livelihoods by allowing coal mining even during rain.
2) How Rhys visited his friend Benson who worked at the Blaenavon Ironworks, one of the largest iron producers during this period, employing difficult and dangerous work.
3) How Rhys's sister used to work in the mines until the 1842 Mines Act prohibited women and children under 10 from working underground, sparked by the Huskar Pit disaster that killed 26 children.
4
This document is a collection of journal entries from an owner of coal mines in Wales spanning 1854-1896. It describes the development and use of steam engines to pump water out of coal mines, allowing mining to expand. It also discusses the invention of the steam locomotive and its impact on transporting coal. The author reflects on the Mines Act of 1842 that prohibited women and children from working underground. Over time, coal production declines as existing mines are depleted, forcing the opening of new mines like Pendyrus to meet ongoing high demand for coal. The journal ends with an account of an explosion at Pendyrus mine in 1896 that kills 57 workers.
The diary entries document the hard life of a mining family in 19th century Wales during the Industrial Revolution. Miners worked long hours in dangerous conditions for low pay. The introduction of the steam engine increased demand for coal but did not improve workers' lives. Housing and sanitation were poor, leading to disease outbreaks. A mine explosion in 1896 killed 57 miners, questioning the prioritization of safety. The diary provides insight into how technological changes impacted the working class.
James Watt invented the steam engine in 1781, which transformed industry and transportation by providing a portable and versatile power source. The narrator's grandfather tells them about the significant impact of the steam engine, allowing manufacturing to operate anywhere and enabling the growth of cities. The narrator's family prospered through their coal mining business, which was established to fuel steam engines. However, new safety regulations limiting child labor in mines angered the narrator's father, a mine owner, who felt they restricted his profits. After various mines closed or were depleted, the narrator decides to pursue new business opportunities in India, inspired by their childhood trip there.
The document discusses how the Industrial Revolution was a turning point in history. It overviews how goods were made before the Industrial Revolution using the putting-out system and domestic cottage industry. It then describes the development of factories during the Industrial Revolution to meet growing demand. The conditions in factories and lives of workers, including child labor, are discussed. Key technologies like steam engines that drove the Industrial Revolution by powering machinery are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of key components and systems on a diesel locomotive. It discusses the introduction of railways in India and describes key locomotive parts like the diesel engine, turbocharger, expressor, couplings, and traction motors. It also explains locomotive classification based on gauge and power. The document aims to introduce the reader to the basic functioning and components that make up a diesel locomotive.
The document summarizes the power distribution system for a city located between an industrial area and railway station. A 10 MW small hydro power plant was chosen due to topography and cost. Power is distributed through 4 substations to various areas of the city including 2 railway substations. The protection scheme and equipment used including transformers, circuit breakers and isolators are listed. A single line diagram shows the layout of the generation plant, distributing unit and substations along with feeders.
Diesel Locomotive Shed, North Western Railway123jaya
This Presentation is for those students who done their Training
from Diesel locomotive shed,Indian Railway.In this Power Point presentation i have gave a Brief introduction about loco and some important devices that we used in our loco. I think this is the only presentation that makes you easy to understand about diesel locomotive.
Rhys Evans kept a journal documenting his family's experiences during the Industrial Revolution in Wales. The journal entries describe:
1) How Rhys's grandfather talked about life before the steam engine was invented in 1781, and how it changed work and livelihoods by allowing coal mining even during rain.
2) How Rhys visited his friend Benson who worked at the Blaenavon Ironworks, one of the largest iron producers during this period, employing difficult and dangerous work.
3) How Rhys's sister used to work in the mines until the 1842 Mines Act prohibited women and children under 10 from working underground, sparked by the Huskar Pit disaster that killed 26 children.
4
This document is a collection of journal entries from an owner of coal mines in Wales spanning 1854-1896. It describes the development and use of steam engines to pump water out of coal mines, allowing mining to expand. It also discusses the invention of the steam locomotive and its impact on transporting coal. The author reflects on the Mines Act of 1842 that prohibited women and children from working underground. Over time, coal production declines as existing mines are depleted, forcing the opening of new mines like Pendyrus to meet ongoing high demand for coal. The journal ends with an account of an explosion at Pendyrus mine in 1896 that kills 57 workers.
The diary entries document the hard life of a mining family in 19th century Wales during the Industrial Revolution. Miners worked long hours in dangerous conditions for low pay. The introduction of the steam engine increased demand for coal but did not improve workers' lives. Housing and sanitation were poor, leading to disease outbreaks. A mine explosion in 1896 killed 57 miners, questioning the prioritization of safety. The diary provides insight into how technological changes impacted the working class.
James Watt invented the steam engine in 1781, which transformed industry and transportation by providing a portable and versatile power source. The narrator's grandfather tells them about the significant impact of the steam engine, allowing manufacturing to operate anywhere and enabling the growth of cities. The narrator's family prospered through their coal mining business, which was established to fuel steam engines. However, new safety regulations limiting child labor in mines angered the narrator's father, a mine owner, who felt they restricted his profits. After various mines closed or were depleted, the narrator decides to pursue new business opportunities in India, inspired by their childhood trip there.
The document discusses how the Industrial Revolution was a turning point in history. It overviews how goods were made before the Industrial Revolution using the putting-out system and domestic cottage industry. It then describes the development of factories during the Industrial Revolution to meet growing demand. The conditions in factories and lives of workers, including child labor, are discussed. Key technologies like steam engines that drove the Industrial Revolution by powering machinery are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of key components and systems on a diesel locomotive. It discusses the introduction of railways in India and describes key locomotive parts like the diesel engine, turbocharger, expressor, couplings, and traction motors. It also explains locomotive classification based on gauge and power. The document aims to introduce the reader to the basic functioning and components that make up a diesel locomotive.
The document summarizes the power distribution system for a city located between an industrial area and railway station. A 10 MW small hydro power plant was chosen due to topography and cost. Power is distributed through 4 substations to various areas of the city including 2 railway substations. The protection scheme and equipment used including transformers, circuit breakers and isolators are listed. A single line diagram shows the layout of the generation plant, distributing unit and substations along with feeders.
Diesel Locomotive Shed, North Western Railway123jaya
This Presentation is for those students who done their Training
from Diesel locomotive shed,Indian Railway.In this Power Point presentation i have gave a Brief introduction about loco and some important devices that we used in our loco. I think this is the only presentation that makes you easy to understand about diesel locomotive.
This document contains 8 journal entries from a student teacher describing their observations and practice lessons at a secondary school. In the first entry, the student teacher is recognized by students from the previous year and helps explain their practicum. The teacher speaks Spanish and allows students to use their mother tongue. In the third entry, the student teacher describes their first successful practice lesson where students participated well. In the seventh entry, the student teacher records a lesson where students behaved better than usual due to the camera, working quietly and proficiently.
Rong Vo Catia V5 Projects And Fea And Msc Adams SimulationsRong Vo
Rong Vo has experience designing and managing projects for transportation and aerospace. Some highlights include:
- Developing a 100% electric bus platform as project manager with cost reductions.
- Integrating passenger seats and defining finishes for large subway car contracts in North America.
- Designing electrical connections and junction boxes for trains in London and Switzerland.
- Analyzing structures and simulating race cars during his master's degree.
- Managing the design of cable carriers and power connectors for aircraft.
This document contains 5 journal entries written from the perspective of Mary Evans about various topics related to the Industrial Revolution in England. The first entry discusses James Watt and the invention of the steam engine. The second entry describes the Blanaevon Iron Works and production of iron goods. The third entry covers the Mines Act that prohibited women and children from working in mines. The fourth entry provides details about life in the town of Tylor and the opening of the Pendyrus Mine. The fifth and final entry discusses an explosion at the Pendyrus Mine that killed many workers.
This document contains 12 journal entries written by Mirnell D. Gonzalez for an Emotional Intelligence class. In the entries, Gonzalez discusses her feelings about starting college, managing time, interacting with others, overcoming challenges, and maintaining a positive personal mission. She reflects on adapting to new experiences and improving her study skills through applying techniques learned in the class.
NEW APPROACH OF DESIGNING AND EXPLOATATION OF ELECTRICAL TRACTION SUBSTATIONSDženan Ćelić
The document discusses improvements to electric traction substation design including:
1. Connecting substations via a three-phase transmission line to simplify design and increase reliability by removing redundant equipment.
2. Using draw-wire circuit breakers and switch-disconnectors to replace elements that could cause incorrect manipulation.
3. Applying combined instrument transformers to further simplify feeders.
4. Designing substations with a single transformer in parallel connection to increase distance between substations while maintaining train speed.
5. Providing selectivity and accuracy of catenary relays with power direction in separating substations for fault detection when two substations power trains.
This document summarizes an industrial training project completed by Bheekam Gaur at the Diesel Locomotive Shed in Tughlakabad, New Delhi from June 20, 2016 to July 16, 2016. The 4-week training was part of the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Greater Noida Institute of Technology. The document provides details about the various departments and processes at the locomotive shed, including design office, material control office, production shops for blocks, engines and locomotives, services shops, and personnel, health, civil, and electrical departments. It also discusses the history of the locomotive shed, products manufactured, and future plans.
This document provides an overview of electric locomotives, including their main components and systems. It discusses how electric locomotives are classified and divided based on their power source. The key systems of an electric locomotive are then described, including the transmission system consisting of the pantograph and circuit breaker, the transformer, rectifier, DC link, and Arno converter. It also outlines the main traction components like the traction motors. In conclusion, it notes the advantages of electric locomotives in terms of efficiency and potential for renewable power sources.
The document provides information about the key components and systems of a diesel-electric locomotive. It describes the main components including the diesel engine that powers the main alternator, traction motors on the trucks, fuel tank, radiator, air compressors, and other auxiliary systems. It also provides specifications for a typical WDM2 class locomotive used in India, including its power output, maximum speed, wheel configuration, and dimensions.
in this power point presentation... a brief overview of the locomotive boiler and major application of this boiler has given....
it is very much useful for those who wants to know that basically what is locomotive boiler..... ?
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is India's largest manufacturer of power generation and industrial equipment. It was established over 40 years ago and set up its first plant in Bhopal. BHEL set up a new plant in Jhansi in 1974 to meet the country's growing demand for power transformers. The Jhansi plant produces diesel locomotives and their components. It has shops for bogie assembly that rebuild locomotive bogies with new wheel sets, motors, and bearings using machines like CNC, drilling, and lathe machines. The document provides details on the parts of diesel-electric locomotives and their functioning.
Project report for railway security monotorin systemASWATHY VG
The document discusses railway safety and proposes a railway security monitoring system using vibration sensors and ZigBee technology. It begins with background on railway accidents and the need to improve safety. The existing signaling system relies on human communication, leading to errors. The proposed system uses vibration sensors on trains to detect collisions or derailment. It uses ZigBee for two-way communication between trains and control centers to automatically control railway gates and avert accidents in real-time. The system is expected to improve safety at a low cost without replacing existing infrastructure.
The document summarizes information about Diesel Shed Ratlam, located in Madhya Pradesh, India. It was established in 1967 and maintains diesel locomotives. It discusses the types of locomotives - steam, diesel-electric, and electric. Diesel-electric locomotives became widely used because they don't produce smoke and have higher efficiency than steam. Traction motors, the main components of locomotives, are also described in terms of their construction, ratings, and operating principle.
Electric trains use electric power to operate. There are two main types - those that use electric power to drive electric motors, and those that use it to generate a magnetic field for traction. Electric traction is more efficient than steam or diesel locomotives. Railways typically use either direct current or alternating current systems, transmitted through overhead lines or a third rail. Locomotives receive power, regulate voltage, convert current type if needed, and use motors to convert electrical power to mechanical motion. Braking methods include electrical, regenerative, and mechanical braking of trains.
The Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) in Varanasi, India, is a production unit owned by Indian Railways, that manufactures diesel-electric locomotives and its spare parts. It is the largest diesel-electric locomotive manufacturer in India.
Locally it is called as D L W.
Traction refers to the mechanism that drives a vehicle forward. Traction systems can be classified as non-electric or electric. Electric traction systems use electrical power to drive railways, trams, and trolleys. Electric traction is cleaner and more cost-effective than diesel traction. It provides high starting torque and regenerative braking that feeds energy back. While expensive initially, electric traction requires no coal and has lower maintenance costs than steam systems. Common electric systems include AC at various voltages and DC at 600V, 1200V, and 3000V. Thyristor control and separately excited DC motors allow efficient control of AC electric locomotives.
This document provides details on substation layout and busbar arrangements. Part A discusses substation layout, including a single line diagram and descriptions of common switchyard accessories like lightning arrestors, CVTs, isolators, circuit breakers, transformers, and other equipment. It also covers PLCC and SCADA systems. Part B covers various busbar arrangements like the single bus system, double bus system, one and a half breaker system, and ring main bus system. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each configuration. In summary, the document is a technical report that outlines and compares different substation and busbar designs.
Electric traction involves using electric power for traction systems like railways and trams. It provides advantages over steam and diesel traction like higher power-to-weight ratio, regenerative braking, and lower emissions. Common voltages used include 1.5kV DC, 25kV AC. Traction motors are usually DC or induction types. Electrification requires overhead wires or third rails to transmit power. India uses mainly 25kV AC overhead systems like other large networks. Electric traction is more energy efficient and reduces dependence on fossil fuels.
Louis Tylor's family built the town of Tylorstown in Wales in 1781 and later discovered coal deposits, leading his grandfather to open the first coal mine. The mine was successful due to innovations like the steam engine, allowing the family to expand into iron production and own two large mansions. However, safety regulations introduced in the 1840s reduced the workforce and profits of the family's mines, though they resisted implementing further protections for workers.
The document provides a summary of five journal entries from a mine owner during the Industrial Revolution in England. The entries discuss the transition of power from the mine owner's father and grandfather to him, innovations like the steam engine and railroads that improved transport of coal, accidents and regulations affecting the mines, and an explosion at the Pendyrus coal mine that killed 57 workers and led the owner to sell the mine. Overall, the journal entries describe the challenges of running a coal mine during the Industrial Revolution through the perspective of a multigenerational mine owning family.
Derek Chai recalls waking up to news that the Pendyrus Mine, which he oversees, has collapsed and killed 57 miners. He thinks back on the history of mining and how it has improved lives through technological advances but also resulted in accidents. The mine collapse will impact the Blaenavon Ironworks, one of the family's main sources of coal. Reminiscing through old photos, Derek reflects on the Mines Act of 1842 that banned women and children from working in mines and how it ultimately improved safety despite initial financial concerns.
This document contains 8 journal entries from a student teacher describing their observations and practice lessons at a secondary school. In the first entry, the student teacher is recognized by students from the previous year and helps explain their practicum. The teacher speaks Spanish and allows students to use their mother tongue. In the third entry, the student teacher describes their first successful practice lesson where students participated well. In the seventh entry, the student teacher records a lesson where students behaved better than usual due to the camera, working quietly and proficiently.
Rong Vo Catia V5 Projects And Fea And Msc Adams SimulationsRong Vo
Rong Vo has experience designing and managing projects for transportation and aerospace. Some highlights include:
- Developing a 100% electric bus platform as project manager with cost reductions.
- Integrating passenger seats and defining finishes for large subway car contracts in North America.
- Designing electrical connections and junction boxes for trains in London and Switzerland.
- Analyzing structures and simulating race cars during his master's degree.
- Managing the design of cable carriers and power connectors for aircraft.
This document contains 5 journal entries written from the perspective of Mary Evans about various topics related to the Industrial Revolution in England. The first entry discusses James Watt and the invention of the steam engine. The second entry describes the Blanaevon Iron Works and production of iron goods. The third entry covers the Mines Act that prohibited women and children from working in mines. The fourth entry provides details about life in the town of Tylor and the opening of the Pendyrus Mine. The fifth and final entry discusses an explosion at the Pendyrus Mine that killed many workers.
This document contains 12 journal entries written by Mirnell D. Gonzalez for an Emotional Intelligence class. In the entries, Gonzalez discusses her feelings about starting college, managing time, interacting with others, overcoming challenges, and maintaining a positive personal mission. She reflects on adapting to new experiences and improving her study skills through applying techniques learned in the class.
NEW APPROACH OF DESIGNING AND EXPLOATATION OF ELECTRICAL TRACTION SUBSTATIONSDženan Ćelić
The document discusses improvements to electric traction substation design including:
1. Connecting substations via a three-phase transmission line to simplify design and increase reliability by removing redundant equipment.
2. Using draw-wire circuit breakers and switch-disconnectors to replace elements that could cause incorrect manipulation.
3. Applying combined instrument transformers to further simplify feeders.
4. Designing substations with a single transformer in parallel connection to increase distance between substations while maintaining train speed.
5. Providing selectivity and accuracy of catenary relays with power direction in separating substations for fault detection when two substations power trains.
This document summarizes an industrial training project completed by Bheekam Gaur at the Diesel Locomotive Shed in Tughlakabad, New Delhi from June 20, 2016 to July 16, 2016. The 4-week training was part of the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering from the Greater Noida Institute of Technology. The document provides details about the various departments and processes at the locomotive shed, including design office, material control office, production shops for blocks, engines and locomotives, services shops, and personnel, health, civil, and electrical departments. It also discusses the history of the locomotive shed, products manufactured, and future plans.
This document provides an overview of electric locomotives, including their main components and systems. It discusses how electric locomotives are classified and divided based on their power source. The key systems of an electric locomotive are then described, including the transmission system consisting of the pantograph and circuit breaker, the transformer, rectifier, DC link, and Arno converter. It also outlines the main traction components like the traction motors. In conclusion, it notes the advantages of electric locomotives in terms of efficiency and potential for renewable power sources.
The document provides information about the key components and systems of a diesel-electric locomotive. It describes the main components including the diesel engine that powers the main alternator, traction motors on the trucks, fuel tank, radiator, air compressors, and other auxiliary systems. It also provides specifications for a typical WDM2 class locomotive used in India, including its power output, maximum speed, wheel configuration, and dimensions.
in this power point presentation... a brief overview of the locomotive boiler and major application of this boiler has given....
it is very much useful for those who wants to know that basically what is locomotive boiler..... ?
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is India's largest manufacturer of power generation and industrial equipment. It was established over 40 years ago and set up its first plant in Bhopal. BHEL set up a new plant in Jhansi in 1974 to meet the country's growing demand for power transformers. The Jhansi plant produces diesel locomotives and their components. It has shops for bogie assembly that rebuild locomotive bogies with new wheel sets, motors, and bearings using machines like CNC, drilling, and lathe machines. The document provides details on the parts of diesel-electric locomotives and their functioning.
Project report for railway security monotorin systemASWATHY VG
The document discusses railway safety and proposes a railway security monitoring system using vibration sensors and ZigBee technology. It begins with background on railway accidents and the need to improve safety. The existing signaling system relies on human communication, leading to errors. The proposed system uses vibration sensors on trains to detect collisions or derailment. It uses ZigBee for two-way communication between trains and control centers to automatically control railway gates and avert accidents in real-time. The system is expected to improve safety at a low cost without replacing existing infrastructure.
The document summarizes information about Diesel Shed Ratlam, located in Madhya Pradesh, India. It was established in 1967 and maintains diesel locomotives. It discusses the types of locomotives - steam, diesel-electric, and electric. Diesel-electric locomotives became widely used because they don't produce smoke and have higher efficiency than steam. Traction motors, the main components of locomotives, are also described in terms of their construction, ratings, and operating principle.
Electric trains use electric power to operate. There are two main types - those that use electric power to drive electric motors, and those that use it to generate a magnetic field for traction. Electric traction is more efficient than steam or diesel locomotives. Railways typically use either direct current or alternating current systems, transmitted through overhead lines or a third rail. Locomotives receive power, regulate voltage, convert current type if needed, and use motors to convert electrical power to mechanical motion. Braking methods include electrical, regenerative, and mechanical braking of trains.
The Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) in Varanasi, India, is a production unit owned by Indian Railways, that manufactures diesel-electric locomotives and its spare parts. It is the largest diesel-electric locomotive manufacturer in India.
Locally it is called as D L W.
Traction refers to the mechanism that drives a vehicle forward. Traction systems can be classified as non-electric or electric. Electric traction systems use electrical power to drive railways, trams, and trolleys. Electric traction is cleaner and more cost-effective than diesel traction. It provides high starting torque and regenerative braking that feeds energy back. While expensive initially, electric traction requires no coal and has lower maintenance costs than steam systems. Common electric systems include AC at various voltages and DC at 600V, 1200V, and 3000V. Thyristor control and separately excited DC motors allow efficient control of AC electric locomotives.
This document provides details on substation layout and busbar arrangements. Part A discusses substation layout, including a single line diagram and descriptions of common switchyard accessories like lightning arrestors, CVTs, isolators, circuit breakers, transformers, and other equipment. It also covers PLCC and SCADA systems. Part B covers various busbar arrangements like the single bus system, double bus system, one and a half breaker system, and ring main bus system. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each configuration. In summary, the document is a technical report that outlines and compares different substation and busbar designs.
Electric traction involves using electric power for traction systems like railways and trams. It provides advantages over steam and diesel traction like higher power-to-weight ratio, regenerative braking, and lower emissions. Common voltages used include 1.5kV DC, 25kV AC. Traction motors are usually DC or induction types. Electrification requires overhead wires or third rails to transmit power. India uses mainly 25kV AC overhead systems like other large networks. Electric traction is more energy efficient and reduces dependence on fossil fuels.
Louis Tylor's family built the town of Tylorstown in Wales in 1781 and later discovered coal deposits, leading his grandfather to open the first coal mine. The mine was successful due to innovations like the steam engine, allowing the family to expand into iron production and own two large mansions. However, safety regulations introduced in the 1840s reduced the workforce and profits of the family's mines, though they resisted implementing further protections for workers.
The document provides a summary of five journal entries from a mine owner during the Industrial Revolution in England. The entries discuss the transition of power from the mine owner's father and grandfather to him, innovations like the steam engine and railroads that improved transport of coal, accidents and regulations affecting the mines, and an explosion at the Pendyrus coal mine that killed 57 workers and led the owner to sell the mine. Overall, the journal entries describe the challenges of running a coal mine during the Industrial Revolution through the perspective of a multigenerational mine owning family.
Derek Chai recalls waking up to news that the Pendyrus Mine, which he oversees, has collapsed and killed 57 miners. He thinks back on the history of mining and how it has improved lives through technological advances but also resulted in accidents. The mine collapse will impact the Blaenavon Ironworks, one of the family's main sources of coal. Reminiscing through old photos, Derek reflects on the Mines Act of 1842 that banned women and children from working in mines and how it ultimately improved safety despite initial financial concerns.
Alfred Tylor's journal documents his family's involvement in the coal mining industry in Wales from 1872-1896. It describes the introduction of steam engines which improved pumping and production. It discusses his grandfather's ironworks tour and the positive impact of James Watt's steam engine there. The journal also covers the 1842 Mine Acts banning child labor and debates around it, the opening of the new Pendyrus mine and shipping coal via railroad, and the devastating 1896 Pendyrus mine explosion that killed 57 miners. Throughout, Tylor expresses concern for miners' safety and welfare while acknowledging the industry's economic importance to his family.
Vivian recounts life growing up in a mining community in Wales in the late 18th century. She discusses how the invention of the steam engine by James Watt in 1781 improved mining conditions by allowing for more efficient coal transportation and water pumping. However, mining remained a dangerous job. The story then discusses the passing of the 1842 Mines Act, which banned children under 10 from working underground, sparing Vivian from such a fate. Though conditions gradually improved with technological advances, mining accidents still occurred such as the 1896 disaster at the Pendyrus mine that took the life of Vivian's father.
1) The document is a series of journal entries by Louis Tyler describing changes in England's economy and lifestyle over the late 19th century from a rural agricultural society to an industrial one powered by coal.
2) Tyler discusses how the steam engine revolutionized England by allowing factories and transportation to operate anywhere, not just near water sources. However, he strongly dislikes a new law prohibiting children from working in mines, having negatively impacted his mining business.
3) After his mine explodes, killing his remaining workers, Tyler decides to sell the mine and pursue cotton farming in India, seeing new opportunities as coal declines and other industries like oil rise.
This document contains excerpts from the journal of Rhys Evans describing the working conditions of Welsh miners during the Industrial Revolution from 1790-1896. It discusses the introduction of the steam engine and the increased demand for coal that resulted. It also describes the dangerous working conditions in the mines and ironworks, including explosions, cave-ins and burns. The journal expresses anger at the British exploitation of Welsh workers and resources to fuel the empire with little regard for their health and safety.
- Rhys Evans kept a diary detailing his experiences working in coal mines in Wales from 1781-1896. He describes important developments like the invention of the steam engine, the opening of the Pendyrus coal mine, and a deadly explosion at the Tylorstown colliery.
- As a young boy, he begins working in the Blanaevon iron works and mines coal, describing the difficult and dangerous conditions. Child labor is eventually banned through the 1842 Mines Act.
- In 1876 he witnesses the opening of the new Pendyrus coal mine, bringing employment but also more pollution. On January 28, 1896 there is a deadly explosion at the Tylorstown colliery that
This document tells the story of the Tylor family and their rise from humble beginnings to wealth and status due to their involvement in the coal mining and iron industries during the Industrial Revolution. It describes how the family started their first small, unsuccessful coal mine but eventually succeeded through determination. Later family members expanded into iron production and additional coal mines, prospering due to innovations like the steam engine that increased demand for coal and iron. The story highlights both the opportunities and dangers that family members faced as industrialists during this transformative period of history.
1. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and saw a shift from manual labor and production to mechanized factory systems powered by steam engines.
2. Great Britain had several advantages that contributed to it being the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, including natural resources like coal and iron, navigable rivers for transportation, colonies that provided raw materials and markets for finished goods, and inventors who developed new technologies like the steam engine.
3. The textile industry was one of the first to industrialize, with inventions like the spinning jenny, water frame, and steam-powered loom automating textile production and allowing factories to employ hundreds of workers.
1. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and saw a shift from manual labor and production to mechanized factory systems powered by steam engines.
2. Great Britain had several advantages that contributed to it being the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, including natural resources like coal and iron, navigable rivers for transportation, colonies that provided raw materials and markets for finished goods.
3. Key inventions like Thomas Newcomen's steam engine in 1712 and James Watt's improved version in the 1760s-1770s helped make coal mining more efficient and provided power to factories, fueling further mechanization and industrial growth.
The document summarizes key aspects of the Industrial Revolution that began in Britain in the late 1700s. It overviews factors like the development of new machinery and technologies, massive scale of production, and building of steam engines, railways, and ships. It also discusses economic and political stability in Britain, as well as the negative impacts on many workers, especially children, who faced long hours, unsafe conditions, and health issues working in the new factories and mines. The Industrial Revolution marked a major transformation in industry, technology, and society.
The Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 18th century and spread to other countries. New technologies like the steam engine and factories producing goods with machines increased productivity. Inventions in the textile industry like the spinning jenny and power loom allowed for faster production. Improvements in transportation like canals, steamboats, and the first steam-powered locomotives revolutionized travel and trade, further fueling industrialization. The first public railroad opened between Liverpool and Manchester in 1825.
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s and spread throughout Europe and North America in the early 1800s. New machines like the spinning jenny and water frame mechanized textile production, increasing output. The development of steam power further mechanized factories and drove new machinery. This transition from manual labor to machine-driven mass production transformed economies and societies across the Western world.
The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 18th century and led to rapid industrialization and major social changes. New machines were invented to increase production in textiles, iron manufacturing, and other industries. Steam power was also developed to help power factories. As a result, there was a mass movement of people from rural areas to cities to work in the new factories. The Industrial Revolution transformed economies and had widespread effects on social, cultural, and economic conditions.
The industrial revolution brought enormous changes through new technologies like the steam engine. Steam engines used coal to power machines in new factories. These factories employed large numbers of workers and were often located near sources of coal. One key inventor was James Watt, who improved the steam engine design in the late 1700s, making the rotary motion more useful for powering other machines. The industrial revolution transformed both industry and agriculture, allowing fewer people to produce more goods and food through new mechanized methods of manufacturing and farming.
The document provides an overview of industrialization and its effects on Western countries. It begins by stating that the lesson will cover industrialization and then provides 5 multiple choice questions about the Industrial Revolution, with answers. Some key points covered include: the Industrial Revolution beginning in Great Britain; wool being the most common material for clothing before; cottage industries processing raw materials; and Queen Victoria ruling during the Industrial Revolution.
The industrial revolution transformed Britain from an agrarian economy to an industrial one based on factories. New technologies like the steam engine, spinning jenny, water frame and power loom automated textile production. This concentrated production in factories, employing many women and children for long hours under poor conditions. While increasing production, it also caused social problems as populations migrated to cities with inadequate housing and disease. The Luddites resisted these changes by destroying machinery. Eventually, laws were passed to limit child labor and improve conditions.
The Industrial Revolution began in Britain in the late 1700s and transformed its economy from agricultural to industrial. Key factors that enabled industrialization in Britain included available capital from overseas trade, population growth from the Agricultural Revolution, and deposits of coal and iron for fuel and machinery. New inventions like the steam engine powered factories and railroads, further driving industrialization. While factories increased production, workers often faced difficult and unsafe conditions, such as long hours, child labor, and workplace accidents. The Industrial Revolution spread from Britain to other parts of Europe and the United States in the 19th century.
From Natural Language to Structured Solr Queries using LLMsSease
This talk draws on experimentation to enable AI applications with Solr. One important use case is to use AI for better accessibility and discoverability of the data: while User eXperience techniques, lexical search improvements, and data harmonization can take organizations to a good level of accessibility, a structural (or “cognitive” gap) remains between the data user needs and the data producer constraints.
That is where AI – and most importantly, Natural Language Processing and Large Language Model techniques – could make a difference. This natural language, conversational engine could facilitate access and usage of the data leveraging the semantics of any data source.
The objective of the presentation is to propose a technical approach and a way forward to achieve this goal.
The key concept is to enable users to express their search queries in natural language, which the LLM then enriches, interprets, and translates into structured queries based on the Solr index’s metadata.
This approach leverages the LLM’s ability to understand the nuances of natural language and the structure of documents within Apache Solr.
The LLM acts as an intermediary agent, offering a transparent experience to users automatically and potentially uncovering relevant documents that conventional search methods might overlook. The presentation will include the results of this experimental work, lessons learned, best practices, and the scope of future work that should improve the approach and make it production-ready.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
Follow us on LinkedIn: https://in.linkedin.com/company/mydbops
For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
Meetup Page : https://www.meetup.com/mydbops-databa...
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In our second session, we shall learn all about the main features and fundamentals of UiPath Studio that enable us to use the building blocks for any automation project.
📕 Detailed agenda:
Variables and Datatypes
Workflow Layouts
Arguments
Control Flows and Loops
Conditional Statements
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Variables, Constants, and Arguments in Studio
Control Flow in Studio
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/temporal-event-neural-networks-a-more-efficient-alternative-to-the-transformer-a-presentation-from-brainchip/
Chris Jones, Director of Product Management at BrainChip , presents the “Temporal Event Neural Networks: A More Efficient Alternative to the Transformer” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
The expansion of AI services necessitates enhanced computational capabilities on edge devices. Temporal Event Neural Networks (TENNs), developed by BrainChip, represent a novel and highly efficient state-space network. TENNs demonstrate exceptional proficiency in handling multi-dimensional streaming data, facilitating advancements in object detection, action recognition, speech enhancement and language model/sequence generation. Through the utilization of polynomial-based continuous convolutions, TENNs streamline models, expedite training processes and significantly diminish memory requirements, achieving notable reductions of up to 50x in parameters and 5,000x in energy consumption compared to prevailing methodologies like transformers.
Integration with BrainChip’s Akida neuromorphic hardware IP further enhances TENNs’ capabilities, enabling the realization of highly capable, portable and passively cooled edge devices. This presentation delves into the technical innovations underlying TENNs, presents real-world benchmarks, and elucidates how this cutting-edge approach is positioned to revolutionize edge AI across diverse applications.
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
How we managed to grow and scale a RAG application from zero to thousands of users in 7 months. Lessons from technical challenges around managing high load for LLMs, RAGs and Vector databases.
"What does it really mean for your system to be available, or how to define w...Fwdays
We will talk about system monitoring from a few different angles. We will start by covering the basics, then discuss SLOs, how to define them, and why understanding the business well is crucial for success in this exercise.
How to Interpret Trends in the Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart.pdfChart Kalyan
A Mix Chart displays historical data of numbers in a graphical or tabular form. The Kalyan Rajdhani Mix Chart specifically shows the results of a sequence of numbers over different periods.
QA or the Highway - Component Testing: Bridging the gap between frontend appl...zjhamm304
These are the slides for the presentation, "Component Testing: Bridging the gap between frontend applications" that was presented at QA or the Highway 2024 in Columbus, OH by Zachary Hamm.
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
- Review what KM ‘is’ and ‘isn’t’
- Understand the value of KM and the benefits of engaging
- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
"$10 thousand per minute of downtime: architecture, queues, streaming and fin...Fwdays
Direct losses from downtime in 1 minute = $5-$10 thousand dollars. Reputation is priceless.
As part of the talk, we will consider the architectural strategies necessary for the development of highly loaded fintech solutions. We will focus on using queues and streaming to efficiently work and manage large amounts of data in real-time and to minimize latency.
We will focus special attention on the architectural patterns used in the design of the fintech system, microservices and event-driven architecture, which ensure scalability, fault tolerance, and consistency of the entire system.
AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
2. Turning Point 1: Invention of
the Steam Engine
Father’s first locomotive. It had a steam engine and made him lots of
money
3. From the Journal of Louis Tyler
1781
My father Tomas was a great man. He singled handedly owned a successful iron works and coalmine in
Blanaevon and Merthry Tydfil. His success made him immensely wealthy. While his miners lived together
in crammed houses, we lived away from the dust and soot in a spacious mansion and gardens at Daffryn
House. My father mentored my brother and shared his experience. Now he owns a coalmine too and
lives away in London, away from all the smog.
I remember my father telling me about the invention of the steam engine. „Genius, simply genius‟ were
his own words regarding this invention. It was invented in 1781 but wasn‟t perfected until 1800 by James
Watt. Innovation made these steam engines faster, stronger, and more efficient than the canals and the
pony‟s used in the coalmines and iron works. The steam engines were much faster than the canals and
packhorses. Plus, packhorses would get sick, tired, and we had to feed them food. These steam engines
couldn‟t get sick, they wouldn‟t tire out, and all they needed was coal. Coal we had plenty of. Of course
sometimes they would break down, but this brought in a new occupation: the engineer. Their job was to
repair the steam engines when they broke down.
The steam engine didn‟t only make a coal owner‟s life easier. The British Empire was only so vast
because of the steam engine. The British Empire was able to maintain power across oceans because of
the powerful Royal Navy. Many of our servants and maids are from countries like India. The Royal Navy
had steam engine ships that allowed them to sail faster and further than any other ship. This allowed the
British Empire to remain in power over such a widespread area. There were coalmines all over South
Wales, with miners working around the clock to extract the coal. Our coal is better and purer than any
other coal and so it works most efficiently. It burns 10 times hotter and weighed much less than ordinary
coal. This meant the Navy ships could carry less coal than other ships and still sail further than any other
ship.
This groundbreaking technological invention created the spark that sent the industrial revolution on its
way. Perhaps one day coal will be used for something else. Something else like the steam engine that
brought my father‟s business more money in less time. Simply genius.
4. Turning Point 2: Opening of
Blaenavon Ironworks
The Blaenavon Ironworks
5. From the Journal of Louis Tyler
1805
The steam engines didn‟t only make coalmining more efficient. It also helped ironworks produce more iron in
less time. Speaking of which, my dad wouldn‟t stop blabbering about the opening of the Blaenavon
Ironworks. The coal opened in 1789 and cost over 40,000 pounds.
Coal from his mine in Blaenavon was used in the Blaenavon Ironworks. Ironworks used to burn ironstone
over a fire but wasn‟t hot enough for all the iron to flow out. The combination of ironstone and limestone, and
the burning of the high-quality Welsh coal, allowed the ironworks to produce better iron. The nickname for the
iron made from these ironworks was nicknamed „pig iron‟. This was because the melted iron flowed down
onto molds in a structure that looked like piglets feeding from a pig. Workers at the ends would push all the
molten iron into the molds where it would cool down into iron blocks. The blocks were so heavy it required at
least 4 strong workers to lift it onto the locomotives where it would be taken somewhere it was needed.
The Blaenavon Ironworks were very efficient and were one of the six ironworks that made a significant
change in iron production. At first they only had three blast furnaces and 300 employees but as the demand
for iron grew in American and Napoleonic Revolution there were over 5,000 workers. Much of the iron were
sent to factories for weapons manufacturing in these times. More than the American and Napoleonic
Revolution, the iron works were an important aspect of the industrial revolution. Iron was used in railways,
steam engines, and many other construction projects during the industrial revolution.
The production rate of Blaenavon Ironworks significantly declined. By 1847 sales had gone down from
35,549 tons to 18,981 tons. Eventually the Blaenavon Iron Works went out of business. What a shame. But in
1870 the Blaenavon Ironworks reopened as Blaenavon Iron & Steel Company, this time producing steel
along with iron.
It‟s amazing how far technology has innovated so far. We‟ve gone from an agrarian lifestyle to an industrial
lifestyle. Now ironworks and coalmines all over Wales are filled with workers, each one fueling the industrial
revolution. Absolutely nothing can go wrong.
6. Turning Point 3: Mines Act
Father reading of the Mines Act in the papers
7. From the Journal of Louis Tyler
1842
Bollocks. Complete bollocks. When the Mines Act was initiated in 1842, these were the words
that father used. He stomped around all day complaining how production rates were going to
decline because women and children would no longer be able to work in coalmines.
It all started during a thunderstorm. We were used to thunderstorms, it was as common as a
mine owner living away from his coalmine in a mansion. Except this thunderstorm was larger.
The rain pelted against the roofs and windows, trees were stripped of their leaves, and rivers
gushed, threatening to overflow any second. A stream began to fill and over flowed into a
ventilation shaft of the mine and drowned 26 children. 11 boys and 15 girls were killed in the
accident and Queen Victoria ordered an inquiry as soon as she heard about it. Authorities were
sent to mines all over South Wales to investigate the working conditions of miners.
Workers in my father‟s coalmines would spend hours underneath in tunnels, hacking away at
lumps of coal. It was a hazardous occupation because explosions would occur when a miner‟s
naked candlelight came into contact with the trapped methane in the coal. Miners did not only
have to work under the constant threat of an explosion and the mine collapsing, but also worked
in appalling conditions. There were really low sanitation standards in the mines. Rats and
insects were everywhere in the mine and because of the high demand for coal, miners couldn‟t
even take a toilet break. They would go right where they worked. Anthony Ashley Cooper, 7th
Earl of Shaftesbury gave an statement to the parliament concerning the poor conditions of a
miner. In the end child labor was banned and women were no longer allowed to work in mines.
Speaking of mines, father and my elder brother Alfred have gone to Pendyrus to scout for a new
potential mine. Alfred as been mentored by father for years now and father thinks he is ready to
manage is own mine. The mailman is at the door. I must go now.
8. Turning Point 4: Tylerstown
Coal Mine Opens
A photograph of Tylerstown from above
9. From the Journal of Louis Tyler
1876
News had just arrived! Alfred has opened his coalmine in Pendyrus. It is the same mine Alfred
and father searched earlier in the Rhondda Valley. The natural curve of the valley bends the
layer of coal and makes it more compact and rich. This higher class of coal is called anthracite. I
have4 a feeling that this is going make Alfred lots of money.
The valley was originally a rural area but Alfred had collieries built around the mine so his
miners could live close to work. The rural valley has been developed into an urban town. He
wants the workers to be able to live as close as possible to the mine so they can mine more
coal. Even though these miners only walk 15 minutes to the mine max, many of them still walk
for a while before they actually get to where they need to be in the mine. You can just imagine
how large this mine is and how much money Alfred is making. The thing Alfred is making so
much he doesn‟t even know what to do with it! He‟s already bought property in India and
Australia.
The coal mining industry is very competitive. Many of Alfred‟s miners were attracted by
employment “benefits”. Alfred developed the Tylers System. He pays his miners in tokens.
These tokens can only be used in Alfred‟s stores and have literally no worth in the outside
world. Not only does the Tyler System keep his miners working for him, Alfred can also charge
whatever he wants for everything. Personally, I don‟t get why his miners still work there.
Conditions are terrible. On top of the low pay and long hours, those mines are filled with rats
and bug the size of potatoes. It smells horrible down there and when they come out they‟re all
covered in black soot.
I pray that no one else will ever read this journal but I think despite the money Alfred is making,
he is being inconsiderate of his miners. He can‟t be getting all good from the bad he‟s been
doing to him.
10. Turning Point 5: Tylerstown
Mine Incident
My recreation of the mine incident with a paintbrush
11. From the Journal of Louis Tyler
1896
Shame, just a shame. News of an explosion in Alfred‟s mine has just arrived. I just knew
something bad was going to happen. He can‟t keep taking without giving back. But still, I feel
bad for all those miners. So much for the employment benefits. Their bodies will be buried
Wednesday morning.
On the morning of January 28, the whole town was woken up by the sound at five o‟clock. The
explosion was caused by a gas explosion from No. 8 and killed other miners in mine No. 6 and
mine No. 7. Alfred finally sent out rescuers at 10 AM and they retrieved the 32 survivors from
mine No. 7. 12 bodies were recovered in mine No. 6, 57 in mine No. 7, and 20 bodies in No. 8.
I had often heard of these explosions from father. After all, mining is a hazardous occupation.
Miners used to carry unprotected candles as their only light source. The only problem was that
when it came into contact with methane it would explode. The methane would escape from
within the coal when a miner struck it. Canaries were used to try to prevent these accidents.
They are more sensitive towards methane and other flammable gasses so as soon as they stop
singing and drop dead, the miners know it‟s time to go. Miners also carried Davy lamps. This
handy invention enclosed a candle and the flame would turn blue instead of exploding when it
detected methane.
I‟ve been babbling on about those poor miners. Alfred seems to be taking this accident well. As
a mine owner, Alfred only sees his workers as expendable tools. He is bummed out about the
lower production rate that comes with these explosions but it‟s nothing compared to the miner‟s
families. 88 men had left the night before on Sunday January 28th, 1896. But none of them
knew that 57 of them would not return home. My they all rest in peace.
12. Bibliography
"Tylorstown." Wikipedia. 14 May 2013. Wikimedia Foundation. 6 May 2013
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tylorstown>.
"FERNDALE. Tylorstown Pit. Rhondda Fach, Glamorganshire. 28th. January, 1896." 6 May 2013
<http://www.cmhrc.co.uk/cms/document/1896_97.pdf>.
Bill. "Tylorstown Colliery Disaster. 28th. January 1896." Pitwork. 2013. Bill Riley. 6 May 2013 <http://www.dmm-
pitwork.org.uk/html/tylorstown.htm>.
"Tylorstown Colliery." Tylorstown Colliery. 6 May 2013
<http://www.welshcoalmines.co.uk/GlamEast/Tylorstown.htm>.