The study investigated the influence of periodontal status and levels of periodontal pathogens on salivary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and interleukin 17 (IL-17) levels. The study found that salivary 8-OHdG and IL-17 levels were higher in patients with chronic periodontitis compared to healthy controls and decreased after nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Variations in clinical parameters like probing depth and clinical attachment level impacted 8-OHdG levels, while variations in microbial parameters like levels of Treponema forsythia affected IL-17 levels. The study provides evidence that periodontal status and pathogens influence biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation.
Chairside Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases A ReviewYogeshIJTSRD
A good clinical diagnosis has always been the need of the hour. Proper diagnosis is essential for better treatment and planning of the diseases. Customary clinical estimations utilized for periodontal finding are regularly of restricted convenience as they are pointers of past periodontal illness instead of present disease action. Subsequently, there is a requirement for creating novel demonstrative kits that can identify dynamic diseases, anticipate future illness crisis or movement and assess reaction to periodontal treatment, and treatment encouragement in periodontal patients. In this futuristic era, there has been a tremendous amount of research in the field of diagnostic tools that can be utilized by a dental practitioners and even periodontists in their day to day practice. Distinctive chair side diagnostic kits will be discussed in this paper which will be useful for appropriate diagnosis, assessing the disease anticipation and proper treatment planning. Dr. Sumeet Khanna | Dr. Smarth Khanna | Dr. Parul Goel "Chairside Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37981.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/allied-sciences/37981/chairside-diagnosis-of-periodontal-diseases-a-review/dr-sumeet-khanna
This presentation explains the various controversies in different topics in periodontics. Discusses the controversies in Classification of periodontal diseases,
Diagnosis of periodontal diseases,
Prognosis,
Tooth mobility & splinting,
Gingival curettage one stage full-mouth disinfection versus quadrant SRP,
Systemic antimicrobials in periodontal therapy, Non-surgical versus surgical periodontal therapy,
Postsurgical antimicrobial medication,
Periodontal pack,
Periodontal-endodontic relationship,
Periodontal and systemic diseases,
Implant therapy in periodontally compromised patients.
Controversies in periodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This seminar explains various periodontal risk assessment tools at subject, tooth and site level risk assessment. Also, SPT with adjunct use of antimicrobials by professional and to be used by personals. Maintenance care for the implant patients has also been described with different conditions. The role played by dentist and by patient is being explained in flowcharts. And at last complications during SPT is described with references.
Phase I periodontal therapy is the first in the chronologic sequence of procedures that constitute periodontal treatment. It is also referred to as cause related therapy or non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Clinical risk assessment & diagnosis of periodontal diseaseRiad Mahmud
Prof. Dr. Md. Zahid Hossain, Division of Periodontology, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Najran University, Saudi Arabia.Former Professor of Periodontology, City Dental College, Dhaka
Chairside Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases A ReviewYogeshIJTSRD
A good clinical diagnosis has always been the need of the hour. Proper diagnosis is essential for better treatment and planning of the diseases. Customary clinical estimations utilized for periodontal finding are regularly of restricted convenience as they are pointers of past periodontal illness instead of present disease action. Subsequently, there is a requirement for creating novel demonstrative kits that can identify dynamic diseases, anticipate future illness crisis or movement and assess reaction to periodontal treatment, and treatment encouragement in periodontal patients. In this futuristic era, there has been a tremendous amount of research in the field of diagnostic tools that can be utilized by a dental practitioners and even periodontists in their day to day practice. Distinctive chair side diagnostic kits will be discussed in this paper which will be useful for appropriate diagnosis, assessing the disease anticipation and proper treatment planning. Dr. Sumeet Khanna | Dr. Smarth Khanna | Dr. Parul Goel "Chairside Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd37981.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/allied-sciences/37981/chairside-diagnosis-of-periodontal-diseases-a-review/dr-sumeet-khanna
This presentation explains the various controversies in different topics in periodontics. Discusses the controversies in Classification of periodontal diseases,
Diagnosis of periodontal diseases,
Prognosis,
Tooth mobility & splinting,
Gingival curettage one stage full-mouth disinfection versus quadrant SRP,
Systemic antimicrobials in periodontal therapy, Non-surgical versus surgical periodontal therapy,
Postsurgical antimicrobial medication,
Periodontal pack,
Periodontal-endodontic relationship,
Periodontal and systemic diseases,
Implant therapy in periodontally compromised patients.
Controversies in periodontics / /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
State of the art comprehensive training-Faculty of world wide repute &Very affordable.
This seminar explains various periodontal risk assessment tools at subject, tooth and site level risk assessment. Also, SPT with adjunct use of antimicrobials by professional and to be used by personals. Maintenance care for the implant patients has also been described with different conditions. The role played by dentist and by patient is being explained in flowcharts. And at last complications during SPT is described with references.
Phase I periodontal therapy is the first in the chronologic sequence of procedures that constitute periodontal treatment. It is also referred to as cause related therapy or non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Clinical risk assessment & diagnosis of periodontal diseaseRiad Mahmud
Prof. Dr. Md. Zahid Hossain, Division of Periodontology, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Najran University, Saudi Arabia.Former Professor of Periodontology, City Dental College, Dhaka
JOURNAL CLUB ON CORONALLY ADVANCED FLAP vs THE POUCH TECHNIQUE COMBINED WITH ...Shilpa Shiv
CORONALLY ADVANCED FLAP vs THE POUCH TECHNIQUE COMBINED WITH A CONNECTIVE TISSUE GRAFT TO TREAT MILLER'S CLASS I GINGIVAL RECESSION, JCP 2014;41(4):387-395.
Journal Club On Subepithelial Connective Tissue GraftAssociated with Apicoec...Shilpa Shiv
Journal Club On Subepithelial Connective Tissue GraftAssociated with Apicoectomy andRoot-End Fillings in the Treatment ofDeep Localized Gingival Recession withApex Root Exposure
A presentation on what is a Medical Journal Club and its value in clinical and academic training with the headings necessary for inclusion in a PowerPoint presentation.
Also contains Hyperlinks to useful CAT sites.
Periodontal disease susceptible group present advanced periodontal breakdown even though they achieve a high standard of oral hygiene. Various destructive enzymes and inflammatory mediators are involved in destruction. These are elevated in case of periodontal destruction. Host modulation aims at bringing these enzymes and mediators to normal level.
This ppt aims in highlighting the various host modulatory agents that can be put to use in periodontal therapy.
The local drug delivery system is used in dentistry in case of mild to moderate pockets. Many agents and techniques are used for this. For example, tetracycline fibre, chlorhexidine chips, metronidazole, etc.
Determination of Interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) and Interleukin-6(IL6) in Gingival C...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Comparative Evaluation of Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor a in Health and Chronic...Dr. Anuj S Parihar
Background: Tumor necrosis factor‑alpha (TNF‑α), a “major inflammatory cytokine,” not only plays an important role in periodontal destruction but also is extremely toxic to the host. Till date, there are not many studies comparing the levels of TNF‑α in serum and its relationship to periodontal disease.
Aim: Our study aimed to compare the serum TNF‑α among the two study groups, namely, healthy controls and chronic periodontitis patients and establish a correlation between serum TNF‑α and various clinical parameters. Hence, an attempt is made to estimate the level of TNF‑α in serum, its relationship to periodontal disease and to explore the possibility of using the level of TNF‑α in serum as a biochemical “marker” of periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: Forty individuals
participated in the study and were grouped into two subgroups. Group A – 20 systemically and periodontally healthy controls. Group B – twenty patients with generalized chronic periodontitis.
The serum samples were assayed for TNF‑α levels by enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay method.
Results: The mean serum TNF‑α cytokines for Group B Generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) was 2.977 ± 1.011, and Group A (healthy) was 0.867 ± 0.865. The range of serum TNF‑α was from (0.867 to 2.977). Serum TNF‑α cytokines had highly significant correlation with all clinical parameters (plaque index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and gingival index) among all study participants (P = 0.001). Conclusion: These observations suggest a positive association
between periodontal disease and increased levels of TNF‑α in serum. It can be concluded that there is a prospect of using the estimation of TNF‑α in serum as a “marker” of periodontal disease in future. However, it remains a possibility that the absence or low levels of TNF‑α in serum might indicate a stable lesion and elevated levels might indicate an active site but only longitudinal studies taking into account, the disease “activity” and “inactivity” could suggest the possibility of using
TNF‑α in serum as an “Indicator” of periodontal disease.
Harshitha B, Subhada B, Mustafa M, Solanki H, Safiya NA, Tiwari RV. DNA laddering to evaluate cytogenetic damage in patients with periodontitis. J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent 2019;9:486-91.
This short course reveals some of the studies that show how oral health affects systemic health. Inflammation is the root cause of all the trouble, and the mouth is the most under evaluated sources of the inflammation.
32.Harshitha B, Subhada B, Mustafa M, Solanki H, Safiya NAM, Tiwari RVC. DNA Laddering to Evaluate Cytogenetic Damage in Patients with Periodontitis. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2019 Sep-Oct;9(5):486-491. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_245_19. eCollection 2019 Sep-Oct. PubMed PMID: 31620382; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6792315.
”Contemporary Biomarkers In Periodontitis”- Guest lecture as a part of Dr NTRUHS Zonal CDE programme at Government Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, India on 281/1/2011, SIBAR Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, India on 29/12/12 and at Meghna Institute of Dental Sciences, Nizamabad, India on 31/7/2013.
A presentation with bite. Improving oral health in an ageing populationNutrition & Biosciences
Did you miss our session on “A presentation with bite. Improving oral health in an ageing population”?
Click on the SlideShare to learn more from Dr. Anders Henriksson's presentation.
Presentation at CDC conference 2009 of successful clinical trials Emory University Hospital & Georgia Department of Human Services Children Lead Poison Prevention.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
1. THE INFLUENCES OF PERIODONTAL
STATUS AND PERIODONTAL PATHOGEN
QUANTITY ON SALIVARY
8-HYDROXYDEOXYGUANOSINE AND
INTERLEUKIN17 LEVELS
Yang et al
J Periodontol.2015
PRESENTED BY
BIBINA GEORGE
2. INTRODUCTION
• Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases and a major cause of tooth
loss in adults.
• Among many pathogenic factors, plaque is well known to be an initial contributor
to periodontitis.
3. • Socransky SS et al. detected the subgingival microbiota using checkerboard
DNA-DNA hybridization and observed 5 complexes.
• Red complex:
- Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg),
- Tannerella forsythia (Tf) and
-Treponema denticola (Td)
4. BIOMARKERS OF INFLAMMATION
8-OHdG
• Most stable product of ROS
• Marker of mitochondrial DNA
damage caused by premature
oxidation in the gingival tissues of
periodontitis patients
{Canakci CF et al}
IL-17
• Proinflammatory cytokine produced by
T-helper 17 cells
• Stimulate various cell types to produce
other inflammatory cytokines and
chemokines
• Preserves immune homeostasis
• Supports immune responses (Th1) and
combines with receptor activator of
RANK and RANKL, resulting in
osteoclastic bone resorption
5. AIM
• To investigate the influences of clinical and microbial parameters on
variation of 8-OHdG and IL-17 levels in saliva.
6. MATERIALS AND METHODS:
• SOURCE OF DATA:
Patients who attended the Department of Periodontics, School of
Stomatology, China Medical University .
• Ethical clearance:
Reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of China Medical
University.
• Duration of study: Feb. 2013 – June 2014
15. DISCUSSION
• Salivary 8-OHdG level in CP group
was higher than that in control group.
• 8-OHdG levels were significantly
decreased after treatment at both 1 and
3 months
• Variations in the clinical parameters
impacted the variation in the salivary 8-
OHdG level, while variations in the
microbial parameters affected the
variation in the salivary IL-17 level
8OHdG
Clinical
Parameters
CP
IL-17
Microbial
Parameter
CP
16. REVIEW OF LITERATURE:
• Settem RP et al. A bacterial glycan core linked to surface (S)-layer
proteins modulates host immunity through Th17 suppression. Mucosal
Immunol.2013 Mar;6(2):415-26. demonstrated that the surface
glycosylation of T.forsythia acted to ensure its persistence in the host, likely
through the suppression of Th17 responses. In addition, suggested that the
bacterium then induces the Toll-like receptor 2-Th2 inflammatory axis to cause
bone destruction.
17. • Dede FO et al. 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine levels in gingival crevicular fluid
and saliva in patients with chronic periodontitis after initial periodontal
treatment. J Clin Periodontol. 2013 Jun;84(6):821-8. evaluated the effects of
initial periodontal treatment on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and
salivary levels of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) as a marker of
oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage in patients with chronic
periodontitis (CP) and revealed that DNA injury and oxidative stress increased in
tissue cells and especially in periodontal pockets in patients with CP, and the
periodontal treatment resulted in a significant decrease of 8-OHdG levels in the GCF
samples.
18. • Shaker OG et al. IL-17 and IL-11 GCF Levels in Aggressive and Chronic
Periodontitis Patients: Relation to PCR Bacterial Detection.Himdawi.
2012(2012)/174764. evaluated IL-17 and IL-11 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)
of generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis
(GAgP) patients in relation to periodontopathic bacteria and found that IL-17 level
was more in GCF of GAgP, suggesting a potential role in the aetiopathogenesis, and
the decreased ratio of IL-11/IL-17 might reflect an imbalance between the
proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in different periodontal diseases.
The high positivity of P. gingivalis in the dental plaque was associated with
significantly increased GCF levels of IL-17 in GCP and GAgP patients.
19. • Ozcaka O et al. Interleukin-17 and interleukin-18 levels in saliva and
plasma of patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol Res.
2011:Oct;46(5):592-8.investigated whether patients with chronic periodontitis
exhibited different salivary and/or plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-17 and
IL-18 compared with clinically healthy subjects and found IL-17 level significantly
lower than IL-18 in chronic periodontitis patient but higher than healthy patients .
20. • Pabon MCM et al.Detection of Treponema denticola in saliva obtained
from patients with various periodontal conditions. Clin Investigations.
March 2008;12(1):73–81. determined the prevalence of T. denticola in saliva
samples from patients with chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, and healthy
subjects by assessing the probing depth, clinical attachment loss, and extent of
periodontal breakdown. They concluded that the prevalence of T. denticola in CP
patients was significantly higher than those in healthy and AgP subjects. Furthermore,
all clinical measurements were significantly greater (P < 0.05) for T. denticola-positive
subjects compared to T. denticola-negative subjects.
21. CONCLUSION
• The salivary 8-OHdG and IL-17 levels in CP patients were significantly reduced
after non-surgical treatment.
• Variation in the salivary 8-OHdG level arose due to variations in the PD, CAL
and OHI-S.
• However, variation in the salivary IL-17 level was attributed to variations in the
PD, subgingival quantity of T. forsythia, and salivary quantities of P. gingivalis,
T. forsythia and T.denticola.
• These findings may be of great significance in facilitating the rapid evaluation
of clinical periodontal status.
22. CRITICAL APPRAISAL:
• Title of the article is self explanatory as it defines the necessity of
the study.
• The study does not precisely establish the possible relation between
the periodontal pathogens and 8-OHdG and IL-17.
• Study focuses more on 8-OHdG and IL-17 rather than the
implications of effects of the periodontopathogens.
Editor's Notes
Early colonizers- Yellow, purple
2°-green, orange and red