Interleukin 1β polymorphisms (+3954, -511 and -31) were analyzed in chronic periodontitis patients from North India. The study found that the T allele of the +3954 variant and the CT genotype were more frequent in patients compared to controls, suggesting they are risk factors for chronic periodontitis. A literature review found supporting evidence for associations of the +3954 and -511 variants with chronic periodontitis in other populations as well. The study concluded that these two IL-1β polymorphic sites may serve as potential markers for chronic periodontitis, though more research is needed in a larger sample size.

1. Interleukin 1β (+3954, -511 and -31) polymorphism in
chronic periodontitis patients from North India
Amirisetty R, Patel RP, Das S et al
Acta Odontol Scand.2015 Jul;73(5):343-7
Bibina George

2. INTRODUCTION
 Periodontitis
 Genetic polymorphism causes changes in proteins and their expression might be
responsible for the disease development but sometimes these changes are also
protective in nature.
 Studies have suggested cytokines to play a pivotal role in the disease development
and act as a potential diagnostic marker of the disease

3. INTERLEUKIN 1 (Chromosome: 2q13-21)
IL 1A IL 1B IL 1RN
Codes for
IL 1α, IL 1β, IL 1ra

4. Interleukin 1 (IL-1), a proinflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in both
acute and chronic inflammatory disease.
Functions:
Osteoclastic activity in periodontitis
Influences:
Immune cell recruitment
Cell proliferation
Tissue destruction
Vascular smooth muscle cell contraction

5. AIM
 To elucidate the role of interleukin 1β (+3954 C/T; -511C/T and -31T/C)
polymorphisms and specific haplotypes with chronic periodontitis recruited in a
North Indian population hailing from Chhattisgarh.

6. MATERIALS AND METHODS
 29 periodontitis patients (males: females =23:6) presenting with new cases of
chronic periodontitis, evaluated in the Department of Periodontology,
Chhattisgarh Dental College and Research Institute, Rajnandgaon, were
included in the study

7. SELECTION CRITERIA
INCLUSION & EXCLUSION CRITERIA

8. DNA isolation and genotyping
5 ml of blood collected in EDTA tubes
Std. phenol chloroform method
Genomic DNA extracted
PCR-RFLP
Amplification on 1.5% agarose gel
Digested with Taq1,Ava 1,Alu1
Separation of fragments on 2.5% agarose gel

9. Statistical analysis
 Association between genotypes and chronic periodontitis was examined by Odds
ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI)
 Chi square analysis using Open EPI6 software
 Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05.

10. HAPLOTYPE ANALYSIS
 Online software SNP stat.

11. RESULTS

16. DISCUSSION
 Studies suggest that variation within IL-1 gene cluster influences the variation in
synthesis of cytokines and certain haplotype groups resulting from different variants
in IL-1a and IL-1b gene increase the disease susceptibility
 The analysis of +3954 variant revealed the T-allele to be more frequent among the
patients when compared with healthy controls and the CT genotype to be a
significant risk factor for the development of the disease which is in accordance
with studies from Brazil and South Indian states

17. Review Of Literature In Favour
 Shete et al reports the frequency of the CC genotype and C-allele to be associated
with chronic periodontitis (+3954)
 Deng JS et al documented CT genotype of chronic periodontitis patients to be a
significant risk factor in Caucasians but not in Asians (+3954)
 Nikolopoulos GK et al included 53 studies having 4178 cases and 4590 controls,
revealed a strong association for the variant with disease susceptibility (+3954)

18.  Trevillato PC et al reported TT genotype to be significantly higher among the
Brazilian patients and a significant association was found following the codominant
genotypic model (-511)

19.  Karasneh JA et al :A negative association has also been reported in populations
from Northern Europe, Poland, Jordan and South Africa (+3954)
 Nikolopoulo et al reports a weak positive association and Jansson et al reports a
negative association for -511 variant
 Shete AR et al suggested strong linkage disequilibrium of -31T/C variant with
511C/T among both patients and controls.
Literature against

20. CONCLUSION
 This study involving North-Indian population suggests the -511 and +3954 variants
are risk factors for chronic periodontitis and that these two polymorphic sites
encoded along IL-1β can be used as potential markers for chronic periodontitis, but
it needs evaluation in a larger cohort of samples.