Exception handling in Java allows code to gracefully handle errors and continue running. When an exception occurs, it disrupts normal program flow. Java searches for matching exception handlers and passes the exception object to the handler. This separates error handling code from regular code and allows errors to be propagated up the call stack. Exceptions are organized in a class hierarchy to group and differentiate error types.
This document discusses Java exception handling keywords. It explains that try, catch, throw, throws, and finally are used to handle exceptions. The try block is used to monitor code for errors. The catch block handles exceptions that occur in the try block. Finally, examples are provided to demonstrate using try-catch blocks to handle potential exceptions like divide by zero errors and array index out of bounds exceptions.
This document provides an introduction to exception handling in programming. It discusses that exceptions are unusual runtime conditions, like division by zero, that a program may encounter during execution. It explains that code that could cause exceptions is placed in a try block. When an exception occurs in the try block, it is thrown using a throw statement. The catch block then handles the exception by generating user-friendly error messages. The document provides the syntax for try, throw, and catch blocks and includes an example program that catches a division by zero exception.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It explains that Java uses try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to handle exceptions. Code that could cause exceptions is placed in a try block. Catch blocks are used to handle exceptions. Finally blocks contain code that must execute whether an exception occurs or not, like closing a file. The document provides examples of exception handling code structure and discusses how the Java runtime searches for catch blocks when an exception is thrown.
This chapter discusses exception handling in C++. It introduces exceptions as undesirable events detectable during program execution. Try/catch blocks are used to handle exceptions, where code that may trigger exceptions is placed in a try block and catch blocks specify the exception type and contain handling code. Catch blocks are checked in order to handle matching exceptions. The chapter covers built-in C++ exception classes and creating custom exception classes, as well as rethrowing, stack unwinding, and different techniques for exception handling.
The document discusses best practices for designing and using exceptions in software, including making exceptions expressive by naming them after the situation rather than who raised them, homogenizing related exceptions into common base classes, preserving encapsulation by recasting lower-level exceptions to higher-level ones, and precisely specifying exceptions at module boundaries to maintain clean interfaces. The document also covers strategies for handling abnormal situations like inaction, balking, guarded suspension, and recovery or rollback.
Exceptions indicate problems during program execution and can be handled to allow programs to continue running or notify users. There are different levels where exceptions can occur including hardware, operating systems, languages, and within programs. Exception handling uses try, catch, and throw blocks. A try block encloses code that could throw an exception. If an exception occurs, control transfers to the matching catch block. The catch block handles the exception to resolve it. Exceptions not caught will terminate the program.
Exception Handling in object oriented programming using C++Janki Shah
This document discusses exception handling in C++. It introduces exception handling mechanisms like try-catch-throw, multiple catch, catch-all, and rethrowing exceptions. Try-catch-throw handles exceptions by using a try block to detect and throw exceptions, which are then caught and handled in a catch block. Multiple catch allows one try block to have multiple catch blocks to handle different exception types. Catch-all can catch all exception types with a generic catch. Rethrowing exceptions rethrows the current exception to an outer try-catch block.
This document discusses exception handling in C++ and Java. It defines what exceptions are and explains that exception handling separates error handling code from normal code to make programs more readable and robust. It covers try/catch blocks, throwing and catching exceptions, and exception hierarchies. Finally, it provides an example of implementing exception handling in a C++ program to handle divide-by-zero errors.
This document discusses Java exception handling keywords. It explains that try, catch, throw, throws, and finally are used to handle exceptions. The try block is used to monitor code for errors. The catch block handles exceptions that occur in the try block. Finally, examples are provided to demonstrate using try-catch blocks to handle potential exceptions like divide by zero errors and array index out of bounds exceptions.
This document provides an introduction to exception handling in programming. It discusses that exceptions are unusual runtime conditions, like division by zero, that a program may encounter during execution. It explains that code that could cause exceptions is placed in a try block. When an exception occurs in the try block, it is thrown using a throw statement. The catch block then handles the exception by generating user-friendly error messages. The document provides the syntax for try, throw, and catch blocks and includes an example program that catches a division by zero exception.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It explains that Java uses try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to handle exceptions. Code that could cause exceptions is placed in a try block. Catch blocks are used to handle exceptions. Finally blocks contain code that must execute whether an exception occurs or not, like closing a file. The document provides examples of exception handling code structure and discusses how the Java runtime searches for catch blocks when an exception is thrown.
This chapter discusses exception handling in C++. It introduces exceptions as undesirable events detectable during program execution. Try/catch blocks are used to handle exceptions, where code that may trigger exceptions is placed in a try block and catch blocks specify the exception type and contain handling code. Catch blocks are checked in order to handle matching exceptions. The chapter covers built-in C++ exception classes and creating custom exception classes, as well as rethrowing, stack unwinding, and different techniques for exception handling.
The document discusses best practices for designing and using exceptions in software, including making exceptions expressive by naming them after the situation rather than who raised them, homogenizing related exceptions into common base classes, preserving encapsulation by recasting lower-level exceptions to higher-level ones, and precisely specifying exceptions at module boundaries to maintain clean interfaces. The document also covers strategies for handling abnormal situations like inaction, balking, guarded suspension, and recovery or rollback.
Exceptions indicate problems during program execution and can be handled to allow programs to continue running or notify users. There are different levels where exceptions can occur including hardware, operating systems, languages, and within programs. Exception handling uses try, catch, and throw blocks. A try block encloses code that could throw an exception. If an exception occurs, control transfers to the matching catch block. The catch block handles the exception to resolve it. Exceptions not caught will terminate the program.
Exception Handling in object oriented programming using C++Janki Shah
This document discusses exception handling in C++. It introduces exception handling mechanisms like try-catch-throw, multiple catch, catch-all, and rethrowing exceptions. Try-catch-throw handles exceptions by using a try block to detect and throw exceptions, which are then caught and handled in a catch block. Multiple catch allows one try block to have multiple catch blocks to handle different exception types. Catch-all can catch all exception types with a generic catch. Rethrowing exceptions rethrows the current exception to an outer try-catch block.
This document discusses exception handling in C++ and Java. It defines what exceptions are and explains that exception handling separates error handling code from normal code to make programs more readable and robust. It covers try/catch blocks, throwing and catching exceptions, and exception hierarchies. Finally, it provides an example of implementing exception handling in a C++ program to handle divide-by-zero errors.
The document discusses exception handling in programming languages. It begins by introducing exception handling and describing how exceptions are handled differently in languages with and without exception handling capabilities. It then covers exception handling in C++ and Java specifically. In C++, exceptions are bound to handlers through the type of a formal parameter, while in Java exceptions extend a Throwable class and are more easily bound based on class. The document also describes features like finally clauses and checked vs unchecked exceptions in Java.
The document discusses exception handling in C++. It defines an exception as an error that occurs during runtime. C++ includes a built-in exception handling mechanism using try, catch, and throw keywords. Code that can generate exceptions is placed in a try block. If an exception occurs, it is thrown using throw and caught using catch, where it can be processed. Exceptions are objects belonging to a specific class. Multiple catch blocks can handle different exception types in order. A catch-all block using ellipses (...) can handle any exception.
This document discusses handling exceptions thrown in C++ constructors. It provides two cases as examples: 1) When an exception is thrown and memory allocated on the stack is destroyed, potentially causing a memory leak. 2) When using smart pointers like shared_ptr avoids this issue by managing memory allocation. The document recommends using smart pointers in modern C++ to prevent memory leaks from exceptions in constructors.
This document discusses exception handling in C++. It defines an exception as an event that occurs during program execution that disrupts normal flow, like divide by zero errors. Exception handling allows the program to maintain normal flow even after errors by catching and handling exceptions. It describes the key parts of exception handling as finding problems, throwing exceptions, catching exceptions, and handling exceptions. The document provides examples of using try, catch, and throw blocks to handle exceptions in C++ code.
The document discusses exception handling in C and C++. It covers exception fundamentals, and techniques for handling exceptions in C such as return values, global variables, goto statements, signals, and termination functions. It also discusses exception handling features introduced in C++ such as try/catch blocks and exception specifications.
7.error management and exception handlingDeepak Sharma
This document discusses error handling in Java programs. It defines two types of errors: compile-time errors and runtime errors. It also discusses exceptions, the different exception classes (Exception, RuntimeException, Error), and checked and unchecked exceptions. Finally, it provides details on how to implement exception handling using try, catch, and finally blocks, including their syntax and flow. It provides an example of a program with a division by zero error and how exception handling can prevent the program from crashing.
Exceptions in java contains info about checked unchecked exceptions also methods for handling them. it also contains info about keywords like throw throws catch finally etc.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as events that disrupt normal program flow and explains how Java uses try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to handle exceptions. It describes different types of exceptions like compile-time errors, runtime errors, checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. The key aspects of exception handling mechanism are to find the problem, inform of the error, receive error information and take corrective actions. The document provides examples of exception handling code and explains concepts like multiple catch blocks and finally block.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It explains that exceptions represent runtime errors and can be handled using try, catch, and finally blocks. The key exception types are Exception, RuntimeException, and Error. Exception is the superclass of all exceptions and must be caught, while RuntimeException represents programming errors that do not require catching. Error represents very severe errors outside the program's control. The document provides examples of how to throw, catch, and handle different exception types in Java code.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as runtime errors that occur during program execution. It describes different types of exceptions like checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. It explains how to use try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to handle exceptions. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions. The catch block catches and handles specific exceptions. The finally block contains cleanup code that always executes regardless of exceptions. The document provides examples of exception handling code in Java.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as events that prevent an action from completing as intended. There are three types of exceptions: errors thrown by the JVM, runtime exceptions for logical errors, and checked exceptions for external issues. The try-catch block is used to handle exceptions, with catch blocks for specific exception types and finally for cleanup. Custom exceptions can be created by extending the Exception class.
Exceptions provide a way to handle runtime errors or unexpected events in a program by transferring control to exception handlers. Common types of exceptions include divide by zero errors, out of bounds array access, invalid input, hardware errors, and file errors. C++ exception handling uses the try, catch, and finally keywords. The try block identifies code that can throw exceptions. The catch block handles exceptions. The finally block allows cleanup code to run regardless of exceptions. The throw keyword throws a specific exception object. Exception handling separates error handling from normal code to make programs more readable, robust, and fault tolerant.
The document discusses exception handling in C++. It defines exceptions as conditions that occur during execution and prevent normal program continuation. Exception handling involves trying blocks of code that may throw exceptions, throwing exceptions when errors occur, and catching exceptions in handler blocks to deal with the errors. The key aspects of exception handling are try blocks for code that can throw, throw statements to indicate exceptions, and catch blocks that match exception types to handle them.
The document discusses object oriented programming concepts related to exception handling in Java. It covers the benefits of exception handling such as separating error handling code from regular logic and propagating errors up the call stack. It also describes key exception handling constructs like try, catch, throw and throws. The different exception models of termination and resumption are explained along with the exception hierarchy in Java.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It begins by defining what errors and exceptions are, and how traditional error handling works. It then explains how exception handling in Java works using keywords like try, catch, throw, throws and finally. The document discusses checked and unchecked exceptions, common Java exceptions, how to define custom exceptions, and rethrowing exceptions. It notes advantages of exceptions like separating error handling code and propagating errors up the call stack.
The document discusses exception handling in Java, including what exceptions are, the exception hierarchy, different types of exceptions, and how to handle exceptions using try, catch, throws, and finally. It also covers creating custom exceptions and methods for working with exceptions inherited from the Throwable class. The presentation covers exception concepts and best practices for anticipating, handling, and throwing exceptions in Java code.
Exception handling in Java allows programmers to deal with errors and unexpected conditions gracefully. There are two main types of exceptions - checked exceptions which must be declared and caught, and unchecked exceptions which do not require declaration. Key aspects of exception handling include throwing exceptions explicitly, using try/catch blocks to handle exceptions, and finally blocks to ensure cleanup code executes. Programmers can also create their own custom exception classes by extending the Exception class. The ultimate goal of exception handling is to make programs more robust and safer.
Exceptions are runtime errors that a program may encounter. There are two types: synchronous from faults in input data, and asynchronous from external events. Exception handling uses try, throw, and catch keywords. Code that may cause exceptions is placed in a try block. When an exception occurs it is thrown, and the catch block handles it to prevent program termination. Multiple catch blocks can handle different exception types, and a catch-all block uses ellipses to catch any exception.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as events that disrupt normal program flow. It describes try/catch blocks for handling exceptions and lists advantages like separating error handling code. It discusses different exception types like checked exceptions that must be declared, unchecked exceptions for logic errors, and Errors for JVM problems. It provides best practices like throwing exceptions for broken contracts and guidelines for when to catch exceptions. It also describes antipatterns to avoid, like catching generic exceptions, and exception logging and chaining techniques.
This chapter discusses exceptions and assertions in Java. The key points are:
1. Exceptions represent error conditions and allow for graceful handling of problems rather than program crashes. Exceptions can be caught and handled using try-catch blocks.
2. Checked exceptions must be caught or propagated using throws, while unchecked exceptions are for runtime errors and catching is optional.
3. Assertions use the assert statement to check for expected conditions and throw errors if false, helping find bugs. Assertions must be enabled during compilation and execution.
The document discusses exceptions in Java. It explains that try blocks are used to guard code that may throw exceptions, and catch blocks handle specific exception types. If an exception is thrown in a try block, the exception handling mechanism searches for the first matching catch block. Finally blocks allow executing cleanup code whether or not an exception occurs. Custom exceptions can be created by extending the Exception class. Runtime exceptions represent programming errors and do not require declaration.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses exception handling in programming languages. It begins by introducing exception handling and describing how exceptions are handled differently in languages with and without exception handling capabilities. It then covers exception handling in C++ and Java specifically. In C++, exceptions are bound to handlers through the type of a formal parameter, while in Java exceptions extend a Throwable class and are more easily bound based on class. The document also describes features like finally clauses and checked vs unchecked exceptions in Java.
The document discusses exception handling in C++. It defines an exception as an error that occurs during runtime. C++ includes a built-in exception handling mechanism using try, catch, and throw keywords. Code that can generate exceptions is placed in a try block. If an exception occurs, it is thrown using throw and caught using catch, where it can be processed. Exceptions are objects belonging to a specific class. Multiple catch blocks can handle different exception types in order. A catch-all block using ellipses (...) can handle any exception.
This document discusses handling exceptions thrown in C++ constructors. It provides two cases as examples: 1) When an exception is thrown and memory allocated on the stack is destroyed, potentially causing a memory leak. 2) When using smart pointers like shared_ptr avoids this issue by managing memory allocation. The document recommends using smart pointers in modern C++ to prevent memory leaks from exceptions in constructors.
This document discusses exception handling in C++. It defines an exception as an event that occurs during program execution that disrupts normal flow, like divide by zero errors. Exception handling allows the program to maintain normal flow even after errors by catching and handling exceptions. It describes the key parts of exception handling as finding problems, throwing exceptions, catching exceptions, and handling exceptions. The document provides examples of using try, catch, and throw blocks to handle exceptions in C++ code.
The document discusses exception handling in C and C++. It covers exception fundamentals, and techniques for handling exceptions in C such as return values, global variables, goto statements, signals, and termination functions. It also discusses exception handling features introduced in C++ such as try/catch blocks and exception specifications.
7.error management and exception handlingDeepak Sharma
This document discusses error handling in Java programs. It defines two types of errors: compile-time errors and runtime errors. It also discusses exceptions, the different exception classes (Exception, RuntimeException, Error), and checked and unchecked exceptions. Finally, it provides details on how to implement exception handling using try, catch, and finally blocks, including their syntax and flow. It provides an example of a program with a division by zero error and how exception handling can prevent the program from crashing.
Exceptions in java contains info about checked unchecked exceptions also methods for handling them. it also contains info about keywords like throw throws catch finally etc.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as events that disrupt normal program flow and explains how Java uses try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to handle exceptions. It describes different types of exceptions like compile-time errors, runtime errors, checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. The key aspects of exception handling mechanism are to find the problem, inform of the error, receive error information and take corrective actions. The document provides examples of exception handling code and explains concepts like multiple catch blocks and finally block.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It explains that exceptions represent runtime errors and can be handled using try, catch, and finally blocks. The key exception types are Exception, RuntimeException, and Error. Exception is the superclass of all exceptions and must be caught, while RuntimeException represents programming errors that do not require catching. Error represents very severe errors outside the program's control. The document provides examples of how to throw, catch, and handle different exception types in Java code.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as runtime errors that occur during program execution. It describes different types of exceptions like checked exceptions and unchecked exceptions. It explains how to use try, catch, throw, throws and finally keywords to handle exceptions. The try block contains code that might throw exceptions. The catch block catches and handles specific exceptions. The finally block contains cleanup code that always executes regardless of exceptions. The document provides examples of exception handling code in Java.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as events that prevent an action from completing as intended. There are three types of exceptions: errors thrown by the JVM, runtime exceptions for logical errors, and checked exceptions for external issues. The try-catch block is used to handle exceptions, with catch blocks for specific exception types and finally for cleanup. Custom exceptions can be created by extending the Exception class.
Exceptions provide a way to handle runtime errors or unexpected events in a program by transferring control to exception handlers. Common types of exceptions include divide by zero errors, out of bounds array access, invalid input, hardware errors, and file errors. C++ exception handling uses the try, catch, and finally keywords. The try block identifies code that can throw exceptions. The catch block handles exceptions. The finally block allows cleanup code to run regardless of exceptions. The throw keyword throws a specific exception object. Exception handling separates error handling from normal code to make programs more readable, robust, and fault tolerant.
The document discusses exception handling in C++. It defines exceptions as conditions that occur during execution and prevent normal program continuation. Exception handling involves trying blocks of code that may throw exceptions, throwing exceptions when errors occur, and catching exceptions in handler blocks to deal with the errors. The key aspects of exception handling are try blocks for code that can throw, throw statements to indicate exceptions, and catch blocks that match exception types to handle them.
The document discusses object oriented programming concepts related to exception handling in Java. It covers the benefits of exception handling such as separating error handling code from regular logic and propagating errors up the call stack. It also describes key exception handling constructs like try, catch, throw and throws. The different exception models of termination and resumption are explained along with the exception hierarchy in Java.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It begins by defining what errors and exceptions are, and how traditional error handling works. It then explains how exception handling in Java works using keywords like try, catch, throw, throws and finally. The document discusses checked and unchecked exceptions, common Java exceptions, how to define custom exceptions, and rethrowing exceptions. It notes advantages of exceptions like separating error handling code and propagating errors up the call stack.
The document discusses exception handling in Java, including what exceptions are, the exception hierarchy, different types of exceptions, and how to handle exceptions using try, catch, throws, and finally. It also covers creating custom exceptions and methods for working with exceptions inherited from the Throwable class. The presentation covers exception concepts and best practices for anticipating, handling, and throwing exceptions in Java code.
Exception handling in Java allows programmers to deal with errors and unexpected conditions gracefully. There are two main types of exceptions - checked exceptions which must be declared and caught, and unchecked exceptions which do not require declaration. Key aspects of exception handling include throwing exceptions explicitly, using try/catch blocks to handle exceptions, and finally blocks to ensure cleanup code executes. Programmers can also create their own custom exception classes by extending the Exception class. The ultimate goal of exception handling is to make programs more robust and safer.
Exceptions are runtime errors that a program may encounter. There are two types: synchronous from faults in input data, and asynchronous from external events. Exception handling uses try, throw, and catch keywords. Code that may cause exceptions is placed in a try block. When an exception occurs it is thrown, and the catch block handles it to prevent program termination. Multiple catch blocks can handle different exception types, and a catch-all block uses ellipses to catch any exception.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as events that disrupt normal program flow. It describes try/catch blocks for handling exceptions and lists advantages like separating error handling code. It discusses different exception types like checked exceptions that must be declared, unchecked exceptions for logic errors, and Errors for JVM problems. It provides best practices like throwing exceptions for broken contracts and guidelines for when to catch exceptions. It also describes antipatterns to avoid, like catching generic exceptions, and exception logging and chaining techniques.
This chapter discusses exceptions and assertions in Java. The key points are:
1. Exceptions represent error conditions and allow for graceful handling of problems rather than program crashes. Exceptions can be caught and handled using try-catch blocks.
2. Checked exceptions must be caught or propagated using throws, while unchecked exceptions are for runtime errors and catching is optional.
3. Assertions use the assert statement to check for expected conditions and throw errors if false, helping find bugs. Assertions must be enabled during compilation and execution.
The document discusses exceptions in Java. It explains that try blocks are used to guard code that may throw exceptions, and catch blocks handle specific exception types. If an exception is thrown in a try block, the exception handling mechanism searches for the first matching catch block. Finally blocks allow executing cleanup code whether or not an exception occurs. Custom exceptions can be created by extending the Exception class. Runtime exceptions represent programming errors and do not require declaration.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document discusses exception handling in Java programming. It covers the basics of exceptions, using try/catch blocks, throwing and catching multiple exceptions, and the finally block. It also discusses advantages of exception handling, specifying exceptions methods can throw, tracing exceptions through the call stack, creating custom exceptions, and using assertions. The key topics are exceptions, try/catch/finally, throwing exceptions, and creating and handling exceptions.
Strategies for effective studying include pacing yourself by studying a little each night, creating a study group to check understanding and stay motivated, finding a study buddy to review with, maintaining a positive attitude on test day, being well rested, always doing your best, and activities like reviewing notes daily, rewriting notes, making outlines, and rereading summaries. The document provides tips for making studying for tests easier, including spacing out study time over multiple nights, forming a study group, and pairing up with a study partner to quiz each other.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against developing mental illness and improve symptoms for those who already suffer from conditions like anxiety and depression.
The document provides information about the Apple iPhone, including its market share goals, target consumers, expanding product line, key features and specifications. It discusses the iPhone's unique touch screen and visual voicemail technology. It also presents a SWOT analysis, noting strengths like high brand equity and compatibility, weaknesses like lack of experience with smartphones, and opportunities in loyal customers and social trends.
Cluster computing involves connecting multiple computers together to work as a single system. Early cluster products included ARCnet in 1977 and VAXcluster in the 1980s. Clusters provide benefits like price/performance, availability through redundancy, and scalability by allowing addition of nodes. Key components of clusters are processors, memory, networking and software like operating systems, middleware and programming tools. Different types of clusters include high performance, load balancing and high availability clusters. Factors to consider for clusters include networking compatibility, software support, programming for the lowest spec node, and managing performance differences between nodes.
MIME was proposed to address the limitations of RFC 822 for sending non-text messages over email. MIME defines encoding rules to allow messages in non-ASCII formats and non-text content like images, audio and video. It introduces new headers to identify the message type and encoding. Common types include text, images, audio and video. SMTP is used to transfer messages between machines and gateways allow communication between internet and non-internet sites. POP3 and IMAP are protocols for retrieving messages from remote mailboxes. PGP and S/MIME are used to encrypt messages for privacy over the public email infrastructure.
This document provides an overview of exception handling in Java. It discusses what exceptions are, what happens when exceptions occur, benefits of Java's exception handling framework such as separating error handling code and propagating exceptions up the call stack. It also covers catching exceptions using try-catch and finally blocks, throwing custom exceptions, the exception class hierarchy, and differences between checked and unchecked exceptions. The document concludes with a discussion of assertions.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It covers goals of exception handling like throwing, designing, and catching exceptions. It explains the difference between checked and unchecked exceptions. It discusses separating error handling code from regular code using try/catch blocks. Exceptions allow propagating errors up the call stack. Finally, it provides examples of declaring, catching, and throwing custom exceptions.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as problems that disrupt normal program flow. Exceptions can be caused by invalid user input, file errors, or other issues. Java exceptions are categorized as checked, unchecked, or errors. Checked exceptions must be caught or declared, while unchecked exceptions and errors typically are not. The try-catch block allows catching and handling exceptions. The catch block contains code to handle exceptions thrown in the try block. Exception handling allows programs to continue running after exceptions rather than crashing.
Exception handling in C++ provides a standard mechanism for processing errors. Exceptions indicate problems during a program's execution and exception handling allows a program to continue running or notify the user of problems. The key components are try blocks for code that could cause exceptions, catch handlers to handle specific exceptions, and stack unwinding to search for exception handlers up the call stack if an exception is not caught. Derived exception classes enable related errors to be caught together under a base class.
Exceptions are a powerful mechanism for centralized processing of errors and exceptional situations. This mechanism replaces the procedure-oriented method of error handling in which each function returns a code indicating an error or a successful execution.
This document discusses exceptions in Java. It covers Java exception classes like Error, RuntimeException, IOException which are unchecked and checked exceptions. It explains how to deal with exceptions by throwing exceptions from methods using throws and catching exceptions using try-catch blocks. Finally, it discusses concepts like multiple catch blocks, finally clause, and exception handling mechanism in Java.
Exception handling in Java allows programs to deal with errors and unexpected conditions gracefully. The try block encloses code that might throw exceptions. When an exception is thrown, the runtime system searches the call stack for a catch block that can handle the exception. The finally block always executes after the try and catch blocks complete to ensure cleanup code runs. Custom exceptions can be created by extending the Exception class.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as runtime errors that occur when unexpected conditions arise in a program. It describes different types of errors like runtime, logic, and syntax errors. It then explains how to handle exceptions through try-catch blocks and throwing exceptions. It provides examples of handling exceptions like dividing by zero to demonstrate these concepts.
This document discusses Java's exception handling mechanisms. It describes the exception class hierarchy, with Exception and Error as top-level classes. Exceptions represent errors in an application, while Errors represent internal Java errors. Exceptions can be thrown using throw statements and caught using try-catch blocks. Custom exceptions can be created by subclassing Exception. Exceptions provide object-oriented features like state and behavior. Finally, tips are provided around proper exception handling practices in Java.
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It introduces exceptions as conditions caused by runtime errors and how exception handling helps detect and report these "exceptional circumstances." It explains the types of errors like runtime, logic, and syntax errors. It provides examples of exception handling using try-catch blocks to handle exceptions locally or declaring throws to pass exceptions to other methods. Finally, it discusses standard Java exceptions and provides code examples demonstrating exception handling.
Exceptions are abnormal conditions that interrupt normal program execution. There are two main types: errors thrown by the runtime system that cannot be recovered from, and exceptions that can be handled through try/catch blocks. Exceptions are arranged in a hierarchy with Throwable at the top and checked and unchecked exceptions extending Exception or RuntimeException respectively. Checked exceptions must be handled, while unchecked exceptions do not need to be but can be. Exception handling uses try/catch/finally blocks, with catch providing recovery code and finally running regardless of exceptions. Custom exceptions can also be created by extending the Exception class. Exceptions propagate up the call stack to find matching handler code.
This document discusses exception handling in Java. It explains that exceptions are runtime errors that occur due to design or coding errors. The try-catch block is used to handle exceptions. Code that may cause an exception is placed in the try block, and corresponding catch blocks handle specific exception types. Standard Java exceptions extend the Throwable class. Exceptions can be caught, thrown, or passed up the call stack. Examples demonstrate catching exceptions like DivideByZeroException using try-catch.
Exceptions represent errors that occur during program execution. The try-catch block allows exceptions to be handled gracefully. A try block contains code that might throw exceptions, while catch blocks specify how to handle specific exception types if they occur. Checked exceptions must either be caught or specified in a method's throws clause, as they represent conditions outside the programmer's control. Unchecked exceptions like NullPointerException indicate programming errors and do not require catching or specifying.
The document discusses exception handling and multithreading in Java. It defines exceptions as unexpected events that occur during program execution and disrupt normal flow. There are three types of exceptions: checked exceptions which occur at compile time; unchecked exceptions which occur at runtime; and errors which are problems beyond a program's control. The try, catch, finally keywords are used to handle exceptions. The document also discusses creating threads and synchronization in multithreaded programming.
The document discusses exception handling and multithreading in Java. It begins by defining exceptions as unexpected events that occur during program execution and disrupt normal flow. There are three categories of exceptions: checked exceptions which occur at compile time; unchecked exceptions which occur at runtime; and errors which are problems beyond a program's control. The document then covers how to handle exceptions using try, catch, finally and throw keywords. It provides examples of built-in and user-defined exceptions. The document concludes by explaining Java's multithreading model, how to create and manage threads, set thread priorities and states, and techniques for inter-thread communication.
unit 4 msbte syallbus for sem 4 2024-2025AKSHAYBHABAD5
The Intel 8086 microprocessor, designed by Intel in the late 1970s, is an 8-bit/16-bit microprocessor and the first member of the x86 family of microprocessors1. Here’s a brief overview of its internal architecture:
Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) Architecture: The 8086 microprocessor is based on a CISC architecture, which supports a wide range of instructions, many of which can perform multiple operations in a single instruction1.
Bus Interface Unit (BIU): The BIU is responsible for fetching instructions from memory and decoding them, while also managing data transfer between the microprocessor and memory or I/O devices1.
Execution Unit (EU): The EU executes the instructions1.
Memory Segmentation: The 8086 microprocessor has a segmented memory architecture, which means that memory is divided into segments that are addressed using both a segment register and an offset1.
Registers: The 8086 microprocessor has a rich set of registers, including general-purpose registers, segment registers, and special registers
Ch-1_5.pdf this is java tutorials for allHayomeTakele
The document discusses exception handling in Java. It defines exceptions as abnormal conditions that occur during runtime and disrupt normal program flow. It describes different types of exceptions like checked, unchecked, and errors. It explains concepts like exception handling syntax using try, catch, finally blocks to maintain program flow. It provides examples to demonstrate exception handling and resolving exceptions in catch blocks.
This is the material that I prepared for gathering best practices in exception handling that we aim to follow. I used the content stated in the references section.
Main news related to the CCS TSI 2023 (2023/1695)Jakub Marek
An English 🇬🇧 translation of a presentation to the speech I gave about the main changes brought by CCS TSI 2023 at the biggest Czech conference on Communications and signalling systems on Railways, which was held in Clarion Hotel Olomouc from 7th to 9th November 2023 (konferenceszt.cz). Attended by around 500 participants and 200 on-line followers.
The original Czech 🇨🇿 version of the presentation can be found here: https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/hlavni-novinky-souvisejici-s-ccs-tsi-2023-2023-1695/269688092 .
The videorecording (in Czech) from the presentation is available here: https://youtu.be/WzjJWm4IyPk?si=SImb06tuXGb30BEH .
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
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van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
Building Production Ready Search Pipelines with Spark and MilvusZilliz
Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
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Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
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Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
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In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
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Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
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The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
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BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
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Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
2. Topics
● What is an Exception?
● What happens when an Exception occurs?
● Benefits of Exception Handling framework
● Catching exceptions with try-catch
● Catching exceptions with finally
● Throwing exceptions
● Rules in exception handling
● Exception class hierarchy
● Checked exception and unchecked exception
● Creating your own exception class
● Assertions 2
4. What is an Exception?
● Exceptional event
● Error that occurs during runtime
● Cause normal program flow to be disrupted
● Examples
– Divide by zero errors
– Accessing the elements of an array beyond its range
– Invalid input
– Hard disk crash
– Opening a non-existent file
– Heap memory exhausted
4
5. Exception Example
1 class DivByZero {
2 public static void main(String args[]) {
3 System.out.println(3/0);
4 System.out.println(“Pls. print me.”);
5 }
6 }
5
6. Example: Default Exception
Handling
● Displays this error message
Exception in thread "main"
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
at DivByZero.main(DivByZero.java:3)
● Default exception handler
– Provided by Java runtime
– Prints out exception description
– Prints the stack trace
● Hierarchy of methods where the exception occurred
– Causes the program to terminate
6
8. What Happens When an Exception
Occurs?
● When an exception occurs within a method, the
method creates an exception object and hands it off
to the runtime system
– Creating an exception object and handing it to the
runtime system is called “throwing an exception”
– Exception object contains information about the error,
including its type and the state of the program when the
error occurred
8
9. What Happens When an Exception
Occurs?
●
The runtime system searches the call stack
for a method that contains an exception
handler
9
10. What Happens When an Exception
Occurs?
● When an appropriate handler is found, the runtime
system passes the exception to the handler
– An exception handler is considered appropriate if the
type of the exception object thrown matches the type that
can be handled by the handler
– The exception handler chosen is said to catch the
exception.
● If the runtime system exhaustively searches all the
methods on the call stack without finding an
appropriate exception handler, the runtime system
(and, consequently, the program) terminates and
uses the default exception handler
10
13. Benefits of Java Exception
Handling Framework
● Separating Error-Handling code from “regular”
business logic code
● Propagating errors up the call stack
● Grouping and differentiating error types
13
14. Separating Error Handling Code
from Regular Code
● In traditional programming, error detection,
reporting, and handling often lead to confusing
spaghetti code
● Consider pseudocode method here that reads an
entire file into memory
readFile {
open the file;
determine its size;
allocate that much memory;
read the file into memory;
close the file;
}
14
15. Traditional Programming: No
separation of error handling code
● In traditional programming, To handle such cases,
the readFile function must have more code to do
error detection, reporting, and handling.
errorCodeType readFile {
initialize errorCode = 0;
open the file;
if (theFileIsOpen) {
determine the length of the file;
if (gotTheFileLength) {
allocate that much memory;
if (gotEnoughMemory) {
read the file into memory;
if (readFailed) {
errorCode = -1;
}
} else {
errorCode = -2; 15
}
16. Traditional Programming: No
separation of error handling code
●
} else {
errorCode = -3;
}
close the file;
if (theFileDidntClose && errorCode == 0) {
errorCode = -4;
} else {
errorCode = errorCode and -4;
}
} else {
errorCode = -5;
}
return errorCode;
}
16
17. Separating Error Handling Code
from Regular Code
● Exceptions enable you to write the main flow of
your code and to deal with the exceptional cases
elsewhere
readFile {
try {
open the file;
determine its size;
allocate that much memory;
read the file into memory;
close the file;
} catch (fileOpenFailed) {
doSomething;
} catch (sizeDeterminationFailed) {
doSomething;
} catch (memoryAllocationFailed) {
doSomething;
} catch (readFailed) {
doSomething;
} catch (fileCloseFailed) {
doSomething;
17
}
}
18. Separating Error Handling Code
from Regular Code
● Note that exceptions don't spare you the effort of
doing the work of detecting, reporting, and handling
errors, but they do help you organize the work more
effectively.
18
19. Propagating Errors Up the Call Stack
● Suppose that the readFile method is the fourth method in a
series of nested method calls made by the main program:
method1 calls method2, which calls method3, which finally
calls readFile
● Suppose also that method1 is the only method interested in
the errors that might occur within readFile.
method1 {
call method2;
}
method2 {
call method3;
}
method3 {
call readFile;
} 19
20. Traditional Way of Propagating Errors
method1 { ●
Traditional error-
errorCodeType error;
error = call method2; notification techniques
if (error) force method2 and
doErrorProcessing;
else method3 to propagate
}
proceed; the error codes returned
by readFile up the call
errorCodeType method2 {
errorCodeType error;
stack until the error
error = call method3; codes finally reach
if (error)
return error; method1—the only
else method that is
proceed;
} interested in them.
errorCodeType method3 {
errorCodeType error;
error = call readFile;
if (error)
return error;
else 20
proceed;
21. Using Java Exception Handling
method1 {
try { ●
A method can duck any
call method2; exceptions thrown
} catch (exception e) { within it, thereby
doErrorProcessing; allowing a method
} farther up the call stack
} to catch it. Hence, only
the methods that care
method2 throws exception { about errors have to
call method3; worry about detecting
} errors
●
Any checked exceptions
method3 throws exception {
that can be thrown
call readFile;
within a method must
}
be specified in its
throws clause. 21
22. Grouping and Differentiating Error
Types
● Because all exceptions thrown within a program are
objects, the grouping or categorizing of exceptions
is a natural outcome of the class hierarchy
● An example of a group of related exception classes
in the Java platform are those defined in java.io —
IOException and its descendants
– IOException is the most general and represents any type
of error that can occur when performing I/O
– Its descendants represent more specific errors. For
example, FileNotFoundException means that a file could
not be located on disk.
22
23. Grouping and Differentiating Error
Types
● A method can write specific handlers that can
handle a very specific exception
● The FileNotFoundException class has no
descendants, so the following handler can handle
only one type of exception.
catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
...
}
23
24. Grouping and Differentiating Error
Types
● A method can catch an exception based on its
group or general type by specifying any of the
exception's superclasses in the catch statement.
For example, to catch all I/O exceptions, regardless
of their specific type, an exception handler specifies
an IOException argument.
// Catch all I/O exceptions, including
// FileNotFoundException, EOFException, and so on.
catch (IOException e) {
...
24
}
29. Catching Exceptions:
Nested try's
class NestedTryDemo {
public static void main(String args[]){
try {
int a = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
try {
int b = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
System.out.println(a/b);
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println(“Div by zero error!");
}
//continued...
29
34. Catching Exceptions:
The finally Keyword
● Syntax:
try {
<code to be monitored for exceptions>
} catch (<ExceptionType1> <ObjName>) {
<handler if ExceptionType1 occurs>
} ...
} finally {
<code to be executed before the try block ends>
}
● Contains the code for cleaning up after a try or a
catch
34
35. Catching Exceptions:
The finally Keyword
● Block of code is always executed despite of
different scenarios:
– Forced exit occurs using a return, a continue or a break
statement
– Normal completion
– Caught exception thrown
● Exception was thrown and caught in the method
– Uncaught exception thrown
● Exception thrown was not specified in any catch block in
the method
35
36. Catching Exceptions:
The finally Keyword
1 class FinallyDemo {
2 static void myMethod(int n) throws Exception{
3 try {
4 switch(n) {
5 case 1: System.out.println("1st case");
6 return;
7 case 3: System.out.println("3rd case");
8 throw new RuntimeException("3!");
9 case 4: System.out.println("4th case");
10 throw new Exception("4!");
11 case 2: System.out.println("2nd case");
12 }
13 //continued... 36
40. Throwing Exceptions:
The throw Keyword
● Java allows you to throw exceptions (generate
exceptions)
throw <exception object>;
● An exception you throw is an object
– You have to create an exception object in the same way
you create any other object
● Example:
throw new ArithmeticException(“testing...”);
40
43. Rules on Exceptions
● A method is required to either catch or list all
exceptions it might throw
– Except for Error or RuntimeException, or their
subclasses
● If a method may cause an exception to occur but
does not catch it, then it must say so using the
throws keyword
– Applies to checked exceptions only
● Syntax:
<type> <methodName> (<parameterList>)
throws <exceptionList> {
<methodBody>
43
}
46. The Error and Exception Classes
● Throwable class
– Root class of exception classes
– Immediate subclasses
● Error
● Exception
● Exception class
– Conditions that user programs can reasonably deal with
– Usually the result of some flaws in the user program
code
– Examples
● Division by zero error
● Array out-of-bounds error 46
47. The Error and Exception Classes
● Error class
– Used by the Java run-time system to handle errors
occurring in the run-time environment
– Generally beyond the control of user programs
– Examples
● Out of memory errors
● Hard disk crash
47
51. Checked and Unchecked
Exceptions
● Checked exception
– Java compiler checks if the program either catches or lists the
occurring checked exception
– If not, compiler error will occur
● Unchecked exceptions
– Not subject to compile-time checking for exception handling
– Built-in unchecked exception classes
● Error
● RuntimeException
● Their subclasses
– Handling all these exceptions may make the program cluttered
and may become a nuisance
51
53. Creating Your Own Exception
Class
● Steps to follow
– Create a class that extends the RuntimeException or the
Exception class
– Customize the class
● Members and constructors may be added to the class
● Example:
1 class HateStringExp extends RuntimeException {
2 /* some code */
3 }
53
54. How To Use Your Own Exceptions
1 class TestHateString {
2 public static void main(String args[]) {
3 String input = "invalid input";
4 try {
5 if (input.equals("invalid input")) {
6 throw new HateStringExp();
7 }
8 System.out.println("Accept string.");
9 } catch (HateStringExp e) {
10 System.out.println("Hate string!”);
11 }
12 }
54
13 }
56. What are Assertions?
● Allow the programmer to find out if an assumption
was met
– Example: month
● Extension of comments wherein the assert
statement informs the person reading the code that
a particular condition should always be satisfied
– Running the program informs you if assertions made are
true or not
– If an assertion is not true, an AssertionError is thrown
● User has the option to turn it off or on at runtime
56
57. Enabling or Disabling Assertions
● Program with assertions may not work properly if
used by clients not aware that assertions were
used in the code
● Compiling
– With assertion feature:
javac –source 1.4 MyProgram.java
– Without the assertion feature:
javac MyProgram.java
● Enabling assertions:
– Use the –enableassertions or –ea switch.
java –enableassertions MyProgram
57
58. Assert Syntax
● Two forms:
– Simpler form:
assert <expression1>;
where
● <expression1> is the condition asserted to be true
– Other form:
assert <expression1> : <expression2>;
where
● <expression1> is the condition asserted to be true
● <expression2> is some information helpful in diagnosing why the statement failed
58
59. Assert Syntax
1 class AgeAssert {
2 public static void main(String args[]) {
3 int age = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
4 assert(age>0);
5 /* if age is valid (i.e., age>0) */
6 if (age >= 18) {
7 System.out.println(“You're an adult! =)”);
8 }
9 }
10 }
59