This document discusses exception handling in Java. It explains that exceptions are runtime errors that occur due to design or coding errors. The try-catch block is used to handle exceptions. Code that may cause an exception is placed in the try block, and corresponding catch blocks handle specific exception types. Standard Java exceptions extend the Throwable class. Exceptions can be caught, thrown, or passed up the call stack. Examples demonstrate catching exceptions like DivideByZeroException using try-catch.
Exceptions are a powerful mechanism for centralized processing of errors and exceptional situations. This mechanism replaces the procedure-oriented method of error handling in which each function returns a code indicating an error or a successful execution.
The exception hierarchy
Exception handling fundamentals
Try and catch
The consequences of an uncaught exception
Using multiple catch statements
Catching subclass exceptions
Nested try blocks
Throwing an exception
Re-throwing an exception
Using finally
Using throws
Java’s built-in exception
Creating exception subclasses
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Exceptions are a powerful mechanism for centralized processing of errors and exceptional situations. This mechanism replaces the procedure-oriented method of error handling in which each function returns a code indicating an error or a successful execution.
The exception hierarchy
Exception handling fundamentals
Try and catch
The consequences of an uncaught exception
Using multiple catch statements
Catching subclass exceptions
Nested try blocks
Throwing an exception
Re-throwing an exception
Using finally
Using throws
Java’s built-in exception
Creating exception subclasses
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
TOP 10 B TECH COLLEGES IN JAIPUR 2024.pptxnikitacareer3
Looking for the best engineering colleges in Jaipur for 2024?
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We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Water billing management system project report.pdf
exception-handling-in-java.ppt
1. Exception Handling in Java
Explained By:
Sarbjit Kaur.
Lecturer, Department of Computer Application,
PGG.C.G., Sector: 42, Chandigarh
2. Objectives
• Introduction
• What exceptions are for
• Catching & Throwing exceptions
• Exception Specifications
• Standard Java Exceptions
• Exceptions and Polymorphism
• The finally clause
• Resource Management
• Uncaught Exceptions
3. Introduction
• Due to design errors or coding errors, our
programs may fail in unexpected ways during
execution. An exception is a condition that is
caused by run time error in the program. The
purpose of the exception handling mechanism
is to provide a means to detect and report an
“ecxceptional circumstances” .
4. Error
• An error may produce an incorrect output or
may terminate the execution of the program
abruptly or even may cause the system to
crash. So it is our responsibility to detect and
manage the error properly.
5. Types of error
• Runtime Errors: occur while the program is
running if the environment detects an
operation that is impossible to carry out.
• Logic Errors: occur when a program doesn't
perform the way it was intended
• Syntax Errors: Arise because the rules of the
language have not been followed. They are
detected by the compiler.
6. Example of Run Time error
Class Error
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a=10;
int b=5;
int c=5;
int x=a/(b+c);
System.out.println("x=" +x);
int y=a/(b-c); // Errorr division by zero
System.out.println("y=" +y);
}
}
7. Errors and Error Handling
• Some typical causes of errors:
– Memory errors (i.e. memory incorrectly allocated,
memory leaks, “null pointer”)
– File system errors (i.e. disk is full, disk has been
removed)
– Network errors (i.e. network is down, URL does
not exist)
– Calculation errors (i.e. divide by 0)
8. Errors and Error Handling
• More typical causes of errors:
– Array errors (i.e. accessing element –1)
– Conversion errors (i.e. convert ‘q’ to a number)
– Can you think of some others?
9. Errors and Error Handling
• Exceptions – a better error handling
– Exceptions are a mechanism that provides the
best of both worlds.
– Exceptions act similar to method return flags in
that any method may raise and exception should it
encounter an error.
– Exceptions act like global error methods in that
the exception mechanism is built into Java;
exceptions are handled at many levels in a
program, locally and/or globally.
10. Exceptions
• How do you handle exceptions?
– To handle the exception, you write a “try-catch”
block. To pass the exception “up the chain”, you
declare a throws clause in your method or class
declaration.
– If the method contains code that may cause a
checked exception, you MUST handle the
exception OR pass the exception to the parent
class (remember, every class has Object as the
ultimate parent)
11. Coding Exceptions
• Coding Exceptions
• Try-Catch Mechanism
– Wherever your code may trigger an exception, the
normal code logic is placed inside a block of code
starting with the “try” keyword:
– After the try block, the code to handle the
exception should it arise is placed in a block of
code starting with the “catch” keyword.
13. Catching Exceptions
• Wrap code to be checked in a try-block
– checking occurs all the way down the execution
stack
• try-blocks can be nested
– control resumes at most enclosed matching
handler
16. Code Examples
• 1. Demonstration of an unchecked exception
(NullPointerException)
• 2. Demonstration of checked exceptions:
– Passing a DivideByZeroException
– Handling a DivideByZeroException
17. Example
class error2
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
int a=10;
int b=5;
int c=5;
int x,y;
try
{
x=a/(b-c);
}
catch(ArithmeticException e)
{
System.out.println(“Division by Zero”);
}
Y=a/(b-c);
System.out.println(“y=“+y);
}
}
18. In the previous program we cannot see the
value of x just because of the error in the
value of y, that is division by zero but when we
use the try and catch blocks in exception
handling then we can see the value of y which
is correct and our program will display an
error message shown in the try block.
19. conclusion
– Exceptions are a powerful error handling
mechanism.
– Exceptions in Java are built into the language.
– Exceptions can be handled by the programmer
(try-catch), or handled by the Java environment
(throws).
– Exception handling can only hide the errors.
– It cannot correct the errors.