The document discusses Java serialization, which allows objects to be saved as bytes that can be written to disk or transmitted over a network. It explains that serializing includes the object's entire graph, including attributes and contained objects that are also serializable. For a class to be serialized, it must implement the Serializable interface, have a no-arg constructor, and can optionally define a serialVersionUID for compatibility checks. The writeObject() and readObject() methods of ObjectOutputStream and ObjectInputStream are used to serialize and deserialize objects to and from a file.