The document discusses some phonological features of Jamaican-Caribbean English creoles compared to American English, including TH-stopping, H-dropping, rhoticity, unreduced vowels in weak syllables, and zero plural markers. It provides examples of each feature and links to additional audio examples and references on creole phonology.
Transformations in Transformational Generative GrammarBayu Jaka Magistra
If we examine the following pairs of sentences:
(1) The mechanic repaired my car.
(2) My car was repaired by the mechanic.
(3) The spider ate the fly quickly.
(4) The spider quickly ate the fly
Instinctively, we realize that sentence no (2) is not only grammatical, but has the same meaning as sentence no (1) as well (even though the focus is different). Likewise, Sentences (3) and (4) are also similar for the same reason.
In Chomskyan linguistic tradition, the changes happening to the above-mentioned examples are dealt by means of transformations which can be defined as “…a device for changing one sentence into another sentence…” (Deterding & Poedjosoedarmo, 2001).
This presentation concisely explain the sense and mechanisms of transformations in Chomskyan linguistic tradition, specifically early Chomsky's idea referring to his revolutionary work, Syntactic Structure (1957)
Transformations in Transformational Generative GrammarBayu Jaka Magistra
If we examine the following pairs of sentences:
(1) The mechanic repaired my car.
(2) My car was repaired by the mechanic.
(3) The spider ate the fly quickly.
(4) The spider quickly ate the fly
Instinctively, we realize that sentence no (2) is not only grammatical, but has the same meaning as sentence no (1) as well (even though the focus is different). Likewise, Sentences (3) and (4) are also similar for the same reason.
In Chomskyan linguistic tradition, the changes happening to the above-mentioned examples are dealt by means of transformations which can be defined as “…a device for changing one sentence into another sentence…” (Deterding & Poedjosoedarmo, 2001).
This presentation concisely explain the sense and mechanisms of transformations in Chomskyan linguistic tradition, specifically early Chomsky's idea referring to his revolutionary work, Syntactic Structure (1957)
1/The word “ Phone” means sound and “tics” means scientific or systematic study of something. So we can say that Phonetics means scientific or systematic study of human speech sounds.
Phonetics is general study of all human speech sounds and how they are produced, transmitted and received.
2/Phonology is the study of the sound system of particulars human languages, include dialects and other language varieties.
A description of English Language Varieties: Language Functions, Dialect Variants , Standard Language, Lingua Franca, Linguistics Variations, among others.
Phonological rules in the English Language.
A comparison of narrow and broad transcription is summarized.
A definition of phonological rule and specific examples of common rules of the English language with words that illustrate each.
1/The word “ Phone” means sound and “tics” means scientific or systematic study of something. So we can say that Phonetics means scientific or systematic study of human speech sounds.
Phonetics is general study of all human speech sounds and how they are produced, transmitted and received.
2/Phonology is the study of the sound system of particulars human languages, include dialects and other language varieties.
A description of English Language Varieties: Language Functions, Dialect Variants , Standard Language, Lingua Franca, Linguistics Variations, among others.
Phonological rules in the English Language.
A comparison of narrow and broad transcription is summarized.
A definition of phonological rule and specific examples of common rules of the English language with words that illustrate each.
The PPT is a complete guide for beginners who are willing to learn spanish language.There is everything in this session that a beginner should know and learn.
This is my 1st semester assignment on "Pronunciation" topic. This assignment will help the reader to understand how to pronounce English phonemes correctly. International Phonetic Alphabet is the tool for English students to practice their pronunciation.
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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. “Me wanna a capocofee. A very ha copocoffi; wit two
sugar, plIz”.
...You wanna a capocofi too?, veri ha tu? Wit how many suga?
Regular or diet suga?”
(I want a cup of coffee. A very hot cup of coffee; with two
sugar, please). (Do you want a cup of coffee too? With how
many sugars? Regular or diet sugar?)
This is an example of a common expression of the
everyday words and phrases spoken in the Jamaican and
the English Creole Caribbean. In this presentation some
phonological considerations will be considered as basic
differences of American English and Jamaican-Caribbean
English Creoles, in terms of word (sound) grouping,
proximity of sounds and omissions of initial /h/ sounds as
well as final consonant sounds /s, r, and t/.
08/05/2014
By Pablo Fernandez Colon
English 6499 Dr. Y. Rivera
University of Puerto Rico 1
2. : “[MI wanna E kapo kofI, E very hƆtʰ kopokofI,
E very jƆtʰ kopokofI, wI tʰ tU ʃugaʴ, plIz…]”
It is a vivid linguistic illustration of how
proximity of vocalic sounds, tend to omit final
consonant sounds /s, r, and t/.
(A.E.: “I want a cup of coffee, a…, please…”)
08/05/2014
By Pablo Fernandez Colon English
6499 Dr. Y. Rivera 2
3. 08/05/2014
By Pablo Fernandez Colon English
6499 Dr. Y. Rivera 3
(I want a cup of coffee. A very hot cup of coffee; with two
sugar, please).
“[MI wanna E kapo kofI, E very hƆtʰ kopokofI, E
very jƆtʰ kopokofI, wI tʰ tU ʃugaʴ, plIz…]”
4. 08/05/2014
By Pablo Fernandez Colon English
6499 Dr. Y. Rivera 4
In JEC Example both time and soudwaves are shorter (4.721 secs.)
In AE Example both time and soudwaves are longer than JEC (5.544
secs.)
5. 08/05/2014
By Pablo Fernandez Colon English
6499 Dr. Y. Rivera 5
so with me having, getting that bit of knowledge, things
comes easy to me
they were in the process of, uhm, finding homes for people
that just arriving, new arrival in this country and, uh, helping
them settle down and finding jobs
I start working as a conductor — I was one of the first black
person to, uhm, start it on the Sheffield Tramway
and then you just automatic, automatically got into the swing
and accept what you've seen here
my relative_, they were involve in this Community Association
business
6. feature explanation sound file
TH-stopping
<th> in words such as think and three is
pronounced using a <t> sound and in words
such as this and that using a <d> sound
so with me having, getting that bit of
knowledge, things comes easy to me
08/05/2014
By Pablo Fernandez Colon English
6499 Dr. Y. Rivera 6
7. feature explanation sound file
H-dropping
<th> in words such as think and three is
pronounced using a <t> sound and in words
such as this and that using a <d> sound
so with me having, getting that bit of knowledge,
things comes easy to me
initial <h> is deleted in words such as happy and
house
they were in the process of, uhm, finding homes
for people that just arriving, new arrival in this
country and, uh, helping them settle down and
finding jobs
08/05/2014
By Pablo Fernandez Colon English
6499 Dr. Y. Rivera 7
8. feature explanation sound file
rhoticity
the <r> sound is pronounced after a vowel in
words like hard, corn and nurse
I start working as a conductor — I was one of
the first black person to, uhm, start it on the
Sheffield Tramway
08/05/2014
By Pablo Fernandez Colon English
6499 Dr. Y. Rivera 8
9. feature explanation sound file
unreduced vowel in weak syllables
vowels in unstressed syllables are not reduced,
so that speakers use a comparatively strong
vowel on words such as about, bacon or arrival
and on grammatical function words, such as in
the phrases lot of work, in a few days and in the
kitchen - a very subtle feature that contributes to
the characteristic rhythm or „lilt‟ of Jamaican -
Caribbean English
and then you just automatic, automatically got
into the swing and accept what you've seen here
08/05/2014
By Pablo Fernandez Colon English
6499 Dr. Y. Rivera 9
10. feature explanation sound file
zero plural marker
nouns are left unmarked for plurality
my relative_, they were involve in this
Community Association business
08/05/2014
By Pablo Fernandez Colon English
6499 Dr. Y. Rivera 10
11. Aditional examples of Jamaican-Caribbean
Phonology of English based Creoles at:
http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case
-studies/minority-ethnic/caribbean/.
In this link, there appear voice recordings
from BBC studios (sound files), of interviews
taking place within spontaneous
conversations.
08/05/2014
By Pablo Fernandez Colon English
6499 Dr. Y. Rivera 11
12. Alleyne, M.C. (2005): Caribbean Popular Vernaculars in CARIBBEAN
COMMUNICATION: Vol. II Language in Caribbean Communication
British Library, UK:
http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/regional-voices/
Eckman, Fred R. (2008): Typological markedness and second
language phonology. In Jette G. Hansen Edwards & Mary L.
Zampini (eds.). Phonology and second language acquisition, 95-
116. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins.
Labov, Ash, & Boberg (2006),in The Atlas of North American
English: Phonetics, Phonology and sound change (Chapter 22).
Sound files: BBC Studios sound files: (recorded interviews)
http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-
studies/minority-ethnic/caribbean/.
Wavepad Sound Editor Resource:
http://www.nchsoftware.com/es/index.html
08/05/2014
By Pablo Fernandez Colon English
6499 Dr. Y. Rivera 12