This document summarizes the distribution and migrations of Athapaskan language speakers across North America over the late Holocene. It discusses five traditional lifeway adaptations practiced by different Athapaskan groups based on location and environment. The origins of the Athapaskan languages are traced to an area in western Canada and Alaska where the greatest linguistic diversity exists among related languages. Two hypotheses for migrations southward involve responses to large volcanic eruptions around 300 CE and 800 CE that may have pushed groups in new directions and environments, leading to further diversification of languages and adaptations over time.
The document discusses key aspects of Hispanic culture in the United States. It notes that Hispanic Americans make up around 15% of the US population, with the majority having Mexican heritage. Some cultural norms like showing affection and respect for elders are seen as endearing by non-Hispanics. However, other traditions like flirtatious comments or a relaxed view of schedules may be less acceptable. Religion also plays a large role, with over 75% of Hispanic Americans identifying as Catholic and celebrating related holidays. The document aims to understand Hispanic culture while acknowledging challenges in grouping diverse populations.
Navajo emergency and social imginary and archaeologyInvitado Pltk Gh
The document summarizes recent archaeological findings that challenge traditional theories about the emergence of Navajo culture. Excavations at sites in Dinétah dating from 1541 to 1625 uncovered artifacts and evidence of maize agriculture consistent with early Navajo culture, rather than gradual acculturation. This suggests Navajo culture emerged quickly and distinctly, rather than developing slowly through mixing with Puebloan groups as previously theorized. The prominence of maize agriculture in the earliest sites matches its importance in Navajo oral traditions, showing how archaeology can support indigenous accounts of cultural origins.
This document provides information on where Spanish is spoken around the world, including specific countries in Europe, South America, Central America, the Caribbean, North America, and the United States. It lists the capital cities of each Spanish-speaking country and offers brief facts and notable people from many of the countries. The document concludes by noting that over 28 million people in the United States speak Spanish and that Spanish is the second largest language in the U.S.
The document provides an overview of four Native American tribes:
1) The Apaches lived in small hunter-gatherer groups across the Southwest and were known for their warrior culture and leader Geronimo.
2) The Arapahos split into northern and southern groups and signed treaties to live peacefully with other tribes.
3) The Sioux were divided into the Santee, Yankton, and Lakota groups and had a society organized into clans led by chiefs.
4) The Cherokee were an Iroquoian-speaking tribe originally from the Southeast and now have three federally recognized nations, two in Oklahoma and one in North Carolina.
The document describes Ayala Land's new development project called Arca South located in Taguig City. Arca South will cover 74 hectares and will be accessible via the Skyway and future infrastructure projects. The first phase will develop 870,000 square meters of space over 5 years with a P80 billion investment. This phase will include retail, office, and residential space split 50-50 between commercial and residential use. The development aims to create a new lifestyle and business district south of Makati City.
The document is a presentation about the Orisha tradition, a living culture originating from Africa that was brought by slaves to the Caribbean. It discusses the origins of the tradition in Trinidad, how the practices were conducted secretly under persecution but have lasted 500 years. It describes some of the deities, ceremonies, syncretism with Christianity, and how the tradition has evolved, influencing music genres like reggaeton. It provides videos of Orisha ceremonies and music as examples.
Este documento habla sobre un amigo imaginario llamado Pinto. El autor Pablo Fernández Colón escribió sobre su amigo Pinto en 2007 y lo publicó en el sitio web www.guayamadigital@yahoo.com.
This document summarizes the distribution and migrations of Athapaskan language speakers across North America over the late Holocene. It discusses five traditional lifeway adaptations practiced by different Athapaskan groups based on location and environment. The origins of the Athapaskan languages are traced to an area in western Canada and Alaska where the greatest linguistic diversity exists among related languages. Two hypotheses for migrations southward involve responses to large volcanic eruptions around 300 CE and 800 CE that may have pushed groups in new directions and environments, leading to further diversification of languages and adaptations over time.
The document discusses key aspects of Hispanic culture in the United States. It notes that Hispanic Americans make up around 15% of the US population, with the majority having Mexican heritage. Some cultural norms like showing affection and respect for elders are seen as endearing by non-Hispanics. However, other traditions like flirtatious comments or a relaxed view of schedules may be less acceptable. Religion also plays a large role, with over 75% of Hispanic Americans identifying as Catholic and celebrating related holidays. The document aims to understand Hispanic culture while acknowledging challenges in grouping diverse populations.
Navajo emergency and social imginary and archaeologyInvitado Pltk Gh
The document summarizes recent archaeological findings that challenge traditional theories about the emergence of Navajo culture. Excavations at sites in Dinétah dating from 1541 to 1625 uncovered artifacts and evidence of maize agriculture consistent with early Navajo culture, rather than gradual acculturation. This suggests Navajo culture emerged quickly and distinctly, rather than developing slowly through mixing with Puebloan groups as previously theorized. The prominence of maize agriculture in the earliest sites matches its importance in Navajo oral traditions, showing how archaeology can support indigenous accounts of cultural origins.
This document provides information on where Spanish is spoken around the world, including specific countries in Europe, South America, Central America, the Caribbean, North America, and the United States. It lists the capital cities of each Spanish-speaking country and offers brief facts and notable people from many of the countries. The document concludes by noting that over 28 million people in the United States speak Spanish and that Spanish is the second largest language in the U.S.
The document provides an overview of four Native American tribes:
1) The Apaches lived in small hunter-gatherer groups across the Southwest and were known for their warrior culture and leader Geronimo.
2) The Arapahos split into northern and southern groups and signed treaties to live peacefully with other tribes.
3) The Sioux were divided into the Santee, Yankton, and Lakota groups and had a society organized into clans led by chiefs.
4) The Cherokee were an Iroquoian-speaking tribe originally from the Southeast and now have three federally recognized nations, two in Oklahoma and one in North Carolina.
The document describes Ayala Land's new development project called Arca South located in Taguig City. Arca South will cover 74 hectares and will be accessible via the Skyway and future infrastructure projects. The first phase will develop 870,000 square meters of space over 5 years with a P80 billion investment. This phase will include retail, office, and residential space split 50-50 between commercial and residential use. The development aims to create a new lifestyle and business district south of Makati City.
The document is a presentation about the Orisha tradition, a living culture originating from Africa that was brought by slaves to the Caribbean. It discusses the origins of the tradition in Trinidad, how the practices were conducted secretly under persecution but have lasted 500 years. It describes some of the deities, ceremonies, syncretism with Christianity, and how the tradition has evolved, influencing music genres like reggaeton. It provides videos of Orisha ceremonies and music as examples.
Este documento habla sobre un amigo imaginario llamado Pinto. El autor Pablo Fernández Colón escribió sobre su amigo Pinto en 2007 y lo publicó en el sitio web www.guayamadigital@yahoo.com.
Behind the Carnival Masks discusses the historical and ongoing uses of masks in Caribbean carnivals and religious traditions. Masks were used by enslaved Africans and their descendants to communicate with spirits and ancestors, find spiritual guidance, and express realities like solitude and alienation. Syncretism allowed African religions like Orisa to survive covertly through practices like associating orishas with Catholic saints. Today, carnival masks serve both as cultural remembrances of past traditions and symbols of freedom and anonymity during licensed periods of revelry.
Prof. Pablo Fernández Colón is an experienced ESL professor seeking a teaching position. He has over 30 years of experience teaching English as a second language at both the university and secondary levels in Puerto Rico and New York. Prof. Fernández Colón holds an MA in TESOL and has completed doctoral level coursework in curriculum and teaching with a focus on TESOL. He is skilled in areas beyond teaching such as communications, publishing, web development, and digital media.
The document provides information about Roxas Triangle Towers, a two-tower residential development in Makati City, Philippines. It details the location, amenities, unit types and features. Roxas Triangle Towers is situated in the prestigious Makati Central Business District and will include 182 residential units ranging from garden homes to penthouse flats, as well as recreational facilities like a pool, fitness center and outdoor play areas. The development aims to continue the legacy of the existing tower as one of Makati's most esteemed residential communities.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
La Unión Europea ha propuesto un nuevo paquete de sanciones contra Rusia que incluye un embargo al petróleo ruso. El embargo se aplicaría gradualmente durante seis meses para el petróleo crudo y ocho meses para los productos refinados. El objetivo es aumentar la presión económica sobre Rusia para que ponga fin a su invasión de Ucrania.
This document provides information about Arbor Lanes, a mixed-use development located in Taguig, Philippines. It includes artist renderings and descriptions of the various residential unit types available, such as Garden Suites, Duo Suites, Classic Units, and Canopy Suites. Details are given about amenities like landscaped walking paths, a pool and lounge area, and garden terraces throughout the property. Construction is set to be completed in phases, with the first block and some shared amenities to be delivered in early 2018. The development aims to bring nature and community living to its residents.
This document provides a summary of Pablo Fernández Colón's work experience and education. Some key points:
- He has over 30 years of experience teaching English as a Second Language at both the secondary and university levels in Puerto Rico and New York.
- His areas of teaching include ESL, communications, computers, graphic design, and experimental agriculture.
- He holds a BA in English Education, an MA in TESOL, and has completed over 50 credits toward an Ed.D. in Teaching and Curriculum.
- In addition to teaching, he has experience in publishing, radio broadcasting, web development, and digital photography.
The document discusses some phonological features of Jamaican-Caribbean English creoles compared to American English, including TH-stopping, H-dropping, rhoticity, unreduced vowels in weak syllables, and zero plural markers. It provides examples of each feature and links to additional audio examples and references on creole phonology.
Este documento presenta un resumen de 3 oraciones o menos de la historia general de la iglesia cristiana desde sus inicios hasta el siglo IV d.C.:
El documento provee una breve historia de la iglesia cristiana desde la era apostólica hasta el siglo IV cuando la iglesia apostólica se convirtió en la iglesia imperial católica y romana. Incluye además preguntas de discusión sobre varias secciones para analizar diferentes aspectos de la historia de la iglesia.
This document outlines the format and sections of a research proposal submitted by Sohail Ahmed for his M.A. in English Literature. It includes sections on the introduction, types of research, literature review comments, research objectives, research questions, methodology, and references. The introduction provides an overview of the proposal. Applied research aims to solve practical problems, while basic research expands knowledge. The literature review demonstrates knowledge of the topic. The objectives explain why the research is important. Research questions are formulated as relationships between variables. The methodology specifies the design, data collection, and analysis. References are formatted in APA style.
Almería is a city located on the southeast coast of Spain along the Mediterranean Sea. It has a population of around 181,702 people and features beautiful beaches and scenic landscapes. There are many activities to enjoy in Almería, including water sports, hiking in the mountains and canoeing in Cabo de Gata, as well as visiting historic buildings like La Alcazaba fortress and the cathedral downtown. The climate is very hot in the summer but mild in the winter, with autumn being a good time to visit when it is warm but not too windy.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document provides information about The Veranda, a mid-rise condominium development located in ARCA South, Taguig City. It will consist of 4 towers with 13-14 floors each and offer studio to 3-bedroom units from 30-117 square meters. Amenities will include pools, function rooms, a gym, and play areas. The development utilizes the Aeroflux system to maximize natural light and ventilation through building orientation, atriums, and improved windows and doors.
This document provides details on several Ayala Land Premier projects in NUVALI, Laguna including Riomonte. Riomonte will be developed on 85 hectares of heavily undulating terrain with 844 lots ranging from 480-890 square meters. It will have 5 pocket neighborhoods, extensive parks and open spaces, and amenities. The first two neighborhoods comprising 345 lots are presented, including lot classifications like Parklane and Ridge Park lots.
Park Triangle Corporate Plaza Proposed Commercial Office Investmentjoyctagle
This document summarizes the benefits of investing in commercial property located in Bonifacio Global City, Manila, specifically a proposed office building located at the corner of 11th Street and 32nd Avenue next to an Ayala Mall. Key benefits include longer-term leases of 3-5 years which provide stable rental income, higher rental rates than residential properties, and the opportunity for capital appreciation given rising land values in the business district. Projections estimate a 7-9% annual return on investment, higher than other investment options. The document also provides reservation details for the proposed property such as reservation fees and payment schemes offering discounts.
This document provides information about the Mondia community within the NUVALI development in Laguna, Philippines. Mondia is located near parks, schools, and amenities. It features homes clustered around a 3-hectare central park and offers diverse recreational amenities for residents to pursue fitness, sports, and nature activities. Mondia aims to deliver everyday opportunities to accomplish goals and find inspiration through an active lifestyle.
Park Triangle Corporate Plaza Project Detailsjoyctagle
BGC has a very low vacancy rate of only 0.96% as of Q1 2014, making it an ideal location for companies. Many multinational companies have already located there, including Astra Zeneca, Deutsche Bank, Ericsson, GE, HSBC, JP Morgan, NEC, Oracle, Samsung, Sony, TetraPak, and Yahoo. The Philippine Stock Exchange will also be moving their headquarters to BGC. Park Triangle will connect the business districts of Makati, Ortigas, and BGC, becoming a landmark development in the area.
How Mobile Will Change your Life @ Work | Interactive PresentationDigitalDesignsInc
On April 25, 2013 John Queen, Digital Designs, Inc.'s CEO presented at the ARMA Charlotte-Piedmont Chapter meeting. He spoke on the ways technology shapes our lives at work and the ways that he imagines newer technologies will continue to impact the way we accomplish tasks on the job and in our personal lives.
Animé par Ludovic Dublanchet (Chargé de mission - Ardesi Midi-Pyrénées), avec les interventions de Jean-Philippe Gold (Directeur - CRT Picardie), Karine Feige (Directrice du projet SITRA - Rhône-Alpes Tourisme), Jean-Luc Boulin, (Directeur - MOPA) et Karine Miron (Stratège Internet - Adviso)
Un tiers de bonne gouvernance territoriale, un tiers de parfaite gestion des données touristiques, un tiers de formation des professionnels locaux, et un gros tiers de stratégie web élaborée, venez découvrir la recette du cocktail etourisme à consommer sans modération !
This document summarizes the genetic diversity and history of human migration and settlement in Puerto Rico and the wider Caribbean region. It finds that approximately 60% of participants in a genetic study of Puerto Ricans had indigenous mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, while 25% had African and 15% had European haplogroups. However, none of the male participants had indigenous Y-chromosomes, being predominantly European or African in origin instead. This reflects the distinct histories and patterns of migration for male and female ancestors of modern Puerto Ricans. The document also reviews the archaeological and historical evidence for multiple waves of human migration into the Caribbean over thousands of years from various source populations in North, Central and South America as well as Africa.
Native American civilizations were vastly destroyed by history particularly when the Europeans arrived. Diseases, wars of conquest, the eradication of religions and cultures that were not seen as compatible with Christianity, the thirst for gold and other precious metals or gems, and the systematic looting of natural resources caused a depletion of the Native American population by between 50 and 75%. Some say even more in some areas. Today, book after book, pyramid after pyramid, glyph after glyph we are rediscovering the greatness of these civilizations, even if some overdo it in this reevaluation. The Mayas had the concept of zero as a voided empty box containing nothing, though they did not have the concept of zero as the completion of a decimal, in their case a vigesimal group. Yet their mathematics was a lot ahead of what we had in Europe, though probably a lot less than what they had in the Arab world or China. We voraciously devoured the Americas and today these very same Americas are the scene of a new plague, pandemic, or whatever, and this time it also kills more native Americans or Blacks or Browns than whites. History has a tendency in some situations to repeat itself.
Behind the Carnival Masks discusses the historical and ongoing uses of masks in Caribbean carnivals and religious traditions. Masks were used by enslaved Africans and their descendants to communicate with spirits and ancestors, find spiritual guidance, and express realities like solitude and alienation. Syncretism allowed African religions like Orisa to survive covertly through practices like associating orishas with Catholic saints. Today, carnival masks serve both as cultural remembrances of past traditions and symbols of freedom and anonymity during licensed periods of revelry.
Prof. Pablo Fernández Colón is an experienced ESL professor seeking a teaching position. He has over 30 years of experience teaching English as a second language at both the university and secondary levels in Puerto Rico and New York. Prof. Fernández Colón holds an MA in TESOL and has completed doctoral level coursework in curriculum and teaching with a focus on TESOL. He is skilled in areas beyond teaching such as communications, publishing, web development, and digital media.
The document provides information about Roxas Triangle Towers, a two-tower residential development in Makati City, Philippines. It details the location, amenities, unit types and features. Roxas Triangle Towers is situated in the prestigious Makati Central Business District and will include 182 residential units ranging from garden homes to penthouse flats, as well as recreational facilities like a pool, fitness center and outdoor play areas. The development aims to continue the legacy of the existing tower as one of Makati's most esteemed residential communities.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
La Unión Europea ha propuesto un nuevo paquete de sanciones contra Rusia que incluye un embargo al petróleo ruso. El embargo se aplicaría gradualmente durante seis meses para el petróleo crudo y ocho meses para los productos refinados. El objetivo es aumentar la presión económica sobre Rusia para que ponga fin a su invasión de Ucrania.
This document provides information about Arbor Lanes, a mixed-use development located in Taguig, Philippines. It includes artist renderings and descriptions of the various residential unit types available, such as Garden Suites, Duo Suites, Classic Units, and Canopy Suites. Details are given about amenities like landscaped walking paths, a pool and lounge area, and garden terraces throughout the property. Construction is set to be completed in phases, with the first block and some shared amenities to be delivered in early 2018. The development aims to bring nature and community living to its residents.
This document provides a summary of Pablo Fernández Colón's work experience and education. Some key points:
- He has over 30 years of experience teaching English as a Second Language at both the secondary and university levels in Puerto Rico and New York.
- His areas of teaching include ESL, communications, computers, graphic design, and experimental agriculture.
- He holds a BA in English Education, an MA in TESOL, and has completed over 50 credits toward an Ed.D. in Teaching and Curriculum.
- In addition to teaching, he has experience in publishing, radio broadcasting, web development, and digital photography.
The document discusses some phonological features of Jamaican-Caribbean English creoles compared to American English, including TH-stopping, H-dropping, rhoticity, unreduced vowels in weak syllables, and zero plural markers. It provides examples of each feature and links to additional audio examples and references on creole phonology.
Este documento presenta un resumen de 3 oraciones o menos de la historia general de la iglesia cristiana desde sus inicios hasta el siglo IV d.C.:
El documento provee una breve historia de la iglesia cristiana desde la era apostólica hasta el siglo IV cuando la iglesia apostólica se convirtió en la iglesia imperial católica y romana. Incluye además preguntas de discusión sobre varias secciones para analizar diferentes aspectos de la historia de la iglesia.
This document outlines the format and sections of a research proposal submitted by Sohail Ahmed for his M.A. in English Literature. It includes sections on the introduction, types of research, literature review comments, research objectives, research questions, methodology, and references. The introduction provides an overview of the proposal. Applied research aims to solve practical problems, while basic research expands knowledge. The literature review demonstrates knowledge of the topic. The objectives explain why the research is important. Research questions are formulated as relationships between variables. The methodology specifies the design, data collection, and analysis. References are formatted in APA style.
Almería is a city located on the southeast coast of Spain along the Mediterranean Sea. It has a population of around 181,702 people and features beautiful beaches and scenic landscapes. There are many activities to enjoy in Almería, including water sports, hiking in the mountains and canoeing in Cabo de Gata, as well as visiting historic buildings like La Alcazaba fortress and the cathedral downtown. The climate is very hot in the summer but mild in the winter, with autumn being a good time to visit when it is warm but not too windy.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
The document provides information about The Veranda, a mid-rise condominium development located in ARCA South, Taguig City. It will consist of 4 towers with 13-14 floors each and offer studio to 3-bedroom units from 30-117 square meters. Amenities will include pools, function rooms, a gym, and play areas. The development utilizes the Aeroflux system to maximize natural light and ventilation through building orientation, atriums, and improved windows and doors.
This document provides details on several Ayala Land Premier projects in NUVALI, Laguna including Riomonte. Riomonte will be developed on 85 hectares of heavily undulating terrain with 844 lots ranging from 480-890 square meters. It will have 5 pocket neighborhoods, extensive parks and open spaces, and amenities. The first two neighborhoods comprising 345 lots are presented, including lot classifications like Parklane and Ridge Park lots.
Park Triangle Corporate Plaza Proposed Commercial Office Investmentjoyctagle
This document summarizes the benefits of investing in commercial property located in Bonifacio Global City, Manila, specifically a proposed office building located at the corner of 11th Street and 32nd Avenue next to an Ayala Mall. Key benefits include longer-term leases of 3-5 years which provide stable rental income, higher rental rates than residential properties, and the opportunity for capital appreciation given rising land values in the business district. Projections estimate a 7-9% annual return on investment, higher than other investment options. The document also provides reservation details for the proposed property such as reservation fees and payment schemes offering discounts.
This document provides information about the Mondia community within the NUVALI development in Laguna, Philippines. Mondia is located near parks, schools, and amenities. It features homes clustered around a 3-hectare central park and offers diverse recreational amenities for residents to pursue fitness, sports, and nature activities. Mondia aims to deliver everyday opportunities to accomplish goals and find inspiration through an active lifestyle.
Park Triangle Corporate Plaza Project Detailsjoyctagle
BGC has a very low vacancy rate of only 0.96% as of Q1 2014, making it an ideal location for companies. Many multinational companies have already located there, including Astra Zeneca, Deutsche Bank, Ericsson, GE, HSBC, JP Morgan, NEC, Oracle, Samsung, Sony, TetraPak, and Yahoo. The Philippine Stock Exchange will also be moving their headquarters to BGC. Park Triangle will connect the business districts of Makati, Ortigas, and BGC, becoming a landmark development in the area.
How Mobile Will Change your Life @ Work | Interactive PresentationDigitalDesignsInc
On April 25, 2013 John Queen, Digital Designs, Inc.'s CEO presented at the ARMA Charlotte-Piedmont Chapter meeting. He spoke on the ways technology shapes our lives at work and the ways that he imagines newer technologies will continue to impact the way we accomplish tasks on the job and in our personal lives.
Animé par Ludovic Dublanchet (Chargé de mission - Ardesi Midi-Pyrénées), avec les interventions de Jean-Philippe Gold (Directeur - CRT Picardie), Karine Feige (Directrice du projet SITRA - Rhône-Alpes Tourisme), Jean-Luc Boulin, (Directeur - MOPA) et Karine Miron (Stratège Internet - Adviso)
Un tiers de bonne gouvernance territoriale, un tiers de parfaite gestion des données touristiques, un tiers de formation des professionnels locaux, et un gros tiers de stratégie web élaborée, venez découvrir la recette du cocktail etourisme à consommer sans modération !
This document summarizes the genetic diversity and history of human migration and settlement in Puerto Rico and the wider Caribbean region. It finds that approximately 60% of participants in a genetic study of Puerto Ricans had indigenous mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, while 25% had African and 15% had European haplogroups. However, none of the male participants had indigenous Y-chromosomes, being predominantly European or African in origin instead. This reflects the distinct histories and patterns of migration for male and female ancestors of modern Puerto Ricans. The document also reviews the archaeological and historical evidence for multiple waves of human migration into the Caribbean over thousands of years from various source populations in North, Central and South America as well as Africa.
Native American civilizations were vastly destroyed by history particularly when the Europeans arrived. Diseases, wars of conquest, the eradication of religions and cultures that were not seen as compatible with Christianity, the thirst for gold and other precious metals or gems, and the systematic looting of natural resources caused a depletion of the Native American population by between 50 and 75%. Some say even more in some areas. Today, book after book, pyramid after pyramid, glyph after glyph we are rediscovering the greatness of these civilizations, even if some overdo it in this reevaluation. The Mayas had the concept of zero as a voided empty box containing nothing, though they did not have the concept of zero as the completion of a decimal, in their case a vigesimal group. Yet their mathematics was a lot ahead of what we had in Europe, though probably a lot less than what they had in the Arab world or China. We voraciously devoured the Americas and today these very same Americas are the scene of a new plague, pandemic, or whatever, and this time it also kills more native Americans or Blacks or Browns than whites. History has a tendency in some situations to repeat itself.
The document discusses efforts to preserve indigenous languages in North America, which have faced significant endangerment and loss due to colonization. It notes that two-thirds of native languages in the United States are extinct or endangered. Various institutions and programs have attempted to document languages, teach them to younger generations, and promote language revitalization, including the National Museum of the American Indian. Overall, the document outlines the threats to indigenous languages and some successes in preservation efforts.
This document summarizes a scientific article about human locomotion circuits. It finds that:
1) The neural control of human walking is fundamentally similar to that of quadruped mammals and birds, not requiring completely new circuits after birth as previously thought.
2) Newborn human walking consists of a simple two-phase flexion-extension pattern in each limb, alternating between limbs, similar to other vertebrates.
3) Mature human walking adds two transition phases per limb but is still based on the core pattern found in other vertebrates and newborns.
The Shoshoni Language: From Oral Tradition to the Digital AgeShoshoniProject
Shoshoni, an indigenous language of the Great Basin, is the northernmost member of the large Uto-Aztecan (UA) language family. While the UA languages are still spoken from Idaho to El Salvador, some have become extinct and others are endangered. Beginning with an overview of the present-day state of the UA languages and efforts to revitalize them, we then turn to Shoshoni, a language with older fluent speakers numbering in the thousands but with very few younger speakers. What can be done to encourage the use and the learning of the language in the state that Shoshoni finds itself in? The Shoshoni Language Project responds by focusing on two principles: language revitalization is rebuilding a speech community, and it is necessary to engage fluent elders in the process as well as teenagers because they are “the next generation of parents”. These principles guide all of our activities, from work on traditional stories, Pre-K-12 school curricula, and children’s books to our “techie” Talking Dictionary and Shoshoni videogame.
The document discusses the Hispano homeland of northern New Mexico and southern Colorado. It describes how the Hispano culture developed in relative isolation after the initial Spanish colonization, allowing an archaic folk culture to evolve. The isolation was preserved by the geographical barriers of the area, but began eroding with later Anglo intrusions, economic changes, and loss of land. Despite hard times, the Hispano culture showed tenacity, persisting in communities along the Pecos River valley.
This document provides a briefing on the history of long-range historical comparative linguistics, beginning with early studies in the 17th-18th centuries exploring linguistic connections between various language families. It then discusses the foundational work of Trombetti in 1902 establishing the monogenesis of language based on the comparative method. The briefing outlines major schools and scholars who have further developed long-range comparative linguistics such as the Italian, USSR, USA, and Iran schools from the 20th century onward.
This document provides an overview of the field of long-range historical comparative linguistics, beginning with Trombetti's founding of the doctrine of monogenesis of language in 1902 based on Junggrammatiker scientific linguistics. It then discusses schools of thought that further developed the field, including the USSR school founded by Illich-Svitych, the USA school including Greenberg and Ruhlen, and the Iran school of Assadian. The document also briefly discusses human migration based on genetic evidence from mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome studies, which corroborate the linguistic findings on the origin and migration paths of anatomically modern humans out of Africa.
The Untaught Latest Horizon in Historical Comparative Linguisticshellas vuosaly
This document provides a briefing on the history of long-range historical comparative linguistics, beginning with early studies in the 17th-18th centuries exploring linguistic connections between various language families. It then discusses the foundational work of Trombetti in 1902 establishing the monogenesis of language based on the comparative method. The briefing outlines major schools and scholars who have further developed long-range comparative linguistics such as the Italian, USSR, USA, and Iran schools from the 20th century onward.
Genetic studies confirm Prof Greenberg's 1987 linguistic findings of two language families that migrated to America from Siberia. The first were the Amerinds who arrived at least 17,000 years ago. The second were the Na-Dené who arrived thousands of years later, possibly by boat. Genetics also show that Amerinds are distantly related to Eurasian languages, while Na-Dené are related to Sino-Caucasian languages. This supports the theory that the earliest American ancestors originated south of the Caucasus mountains like other Eurasian groups.
The document discusses Dr. Spencer Wells and the Genographic Project, which aims to determine human migration patterns over the last 10,000 years by collecting DNA samples from indigenous groups and the general public. The Genographic Project has collected over 350,000 DNA kits to conduct research on human population history and the evolution of languages. Wells has used the genetic data to gain insights into linguistic mysteries like the origins of the Hungarian language in Eastern Europe.
SHAYLIH MUEHLMANNUniversity of TorontoSpread your ass c.docxbagotjesusa
SHAYLIH MUEHLMANN
University of Toronto
“Spread your ass cheeks”:
And other things that should not be said
in indigenous languages
A B S T R A C T
In this article, I describe the use of
indigenous-language swearwords by the younger
generation in the Cucapá settlement of El Mayor in
northern Mexico. I argue that this vocabulary
functions as a critique of and a challenge to the
increasingly formalized imposition of
indigenous-language capacity as a measure of
authenticity and as both a formal and an informal
criterion for the recognition of indigenous rights. I
argue that this ethnographic case can also be read
as a critique of the notion of language as a cultural
repository popularized in recent linguistic
anthropological literature on language
endangerment. For the youth in El Mayor, indigenous
identity is not located in the Cucapá language but in
an awareness of a shared history of the injustices of
colonization and a continuing legacy of state
indifference. [language death, indigenous people,
politics of recognition, Mexico, swearwords, identity,
language ideology]
I
n the indigenous settlement of El Mayor in northern Mexico, where
only a handful of elders still speak the Cucapá language and everyone
else has shifted to Spanish, Cucapá youth have encountered a recent
state-sponsored shift to multiculturalism as an interrogation of their
claims to an indigenous identity. Military officers, government offi-
cials, and NGO workers increasingly isolate indigenous-language capacity
as a criterion for recognizing indigenous rights.
The notion of language that emerges in this political climate is familiar
to anthropologists. Indigenous-language competence is elevated to a pri-
mary criterion for defining cultural difference through the assumption that
there is a necessary relationship between language and culture. In the last
few decades, work in anthropology has rejected just such encompassing
models of culture as a coherent, bounded system (Clifford 1988; Comaroff
and Comaroff 1999; Ortner 2000, 2006; Roseberry 1989). Parallel critiques in
linguistic anthropology have problematized understandings of language as
closed systems that correspond to cultural groups and territories (Duchêne
and Heller 2006; Hill 2002; Muehlmann and Duchêne 2007).
Nonetheless, many linguistic anthropologists have continued to support
claims that language and culture are inextricably related (Harrison 2007; Hill
2003; Nettle and Romaine 2000; Woodbury 1993). This language ideology
has been reinvigorated in the scholarly and activist literature on language
endangerment in the last several decades as indigenous languages have
increasingly competed with, and been replaced by, more dominant lan-
guages all over the world. Campaigns to save endangered languages have
been connected to efforts to rescue cultural heritage, knowledge, and prac-
tices (Crystal 2000; Maffi 2001; Nettle and Romaine 2000; Skutnabb-Kangas
2000). Indeed, variations of the proposition “when.
The document discusses the contributions of Africans to Latin America, beginning with the Olmec civilization in Mexico. It notes that the Olmec may have originated in Africa based on stone carvings depicting African features. African culture strongly influenced music, dance, and religion throughout Latin America. Enslaved Africans brought musical traditions that blended with European styles and were important for resistance. Slave rebellions in Mexico and maroon communities established freedoms. Towns with African names in Mexico and leaders such as Yanga and Ganga Zumba fought against slavery and founded independent communities. The language Palenquero has survived in Colombia as a testament to the resilience of the community of San Basilio de Palenque.
The power of language over the past: Tai settlement and Tai linguistics in s...FOODCROPS
The document discusses three themes related to the power of language over history: 1) How genetic linguistic analysis can reveal the remote migration of Tai peoples from India to southern China and northern Vietnam thousands of years ago. 2) How the ancient Bai-Yue language still influences modern Tai languages and provides insights into pre-historic culture. 3) How the power dynamics between Tai languages have changed over time, with some becoming threatened as more dominant languages spread. The document uses genetic evidence to support the theory that all modern human populations outside of Africa descended from a single group that migrated from East Africa approximately 80,000 years ago.
Cataloguing North American Indigenous Languages.pptxKatieBlackford
This document discusses the cataloguing of Indigenous North American languages at the British Library. It summarizes that historic language collecting relates to how Indigenous cultures have been attempted to be erased through classification systems, and that Indigenous languages offer an important perspective on knowledge organization, with their verb-oriented structures differing from Eurocentric models. It also notes that classification continues to be an area of responsibility for institutions to avoid further harm.
The document discusses human evolution and major population movements based on genetic evidence. It summarizes that Bushmen from Southern Africa represent an early lineage of anatomically modern humans. It also describes the Bantu expansion from West Africa across much of sub-Saharan Africa around 5,000 years ago. Additionally, it outlines five episodes of settlement in Europe over the past 50,000 years based on mitochondrial DNA and Y-chromosome evidence.
This article will trace the rare sociolinguistic triumph of what the French Cajuns in Louisiana have done to reverse the decline of their minority language and to resist the typical trend of linguistic assimilation by the monster ‘language killer’ – American English.
The document discusses an updated genetic analysis of the Portuguese sub-region, finding genetic contributions from Spanish (50%), Belgic (24.9%), North African (15.2%), Finnic (4.5%), and other sources; it also provides historical background on migrations and influences to Portugal from Iberian, Celtic, Punic, Muslim, and Migration Period groups over time.
This document summarizes a workshop about voices of Latino immigrants in the USA based on two New York Times articles. The workshop aims to rethink metaphors and hybrid identities through these immigrant perspectives. It provides background on The New York Times as an influential American newspaper and discusses key topics like immigration statistics, challenges immigrants face, and conceptual metaphors revealed through language. Participants will analyze the newspaper articles using guiding questions and discuss how identity and immigration relate to teaching practice.
The document discusses the origins and migrations of indigenous peoples in the Americas. It provides evidence that Native American populations are genetically linked to Asian populations in Siberia. There were likely three separate migrations of indigenous peoples into the Americas: 1) the earliest Paleo-Indians who entered around 11,500 BCE, 2) the Na-Dene people who migrated between 10,000-8,000 BCE, and 3) a later migration around 3,000 BCE of Aleut and Inuit populations to Alaska. The document also provides details on the Tongva and Chumash tribes who inhabited coastal southern California.
Similar to Asian language families in the pre (20)
Diseño de un modelo de educación personalizada para toda la vidaPablo Fernandez
1) El documento presenta un modelo de educación personalizada inspirado en el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida. 2) Revisa los fundamentos históricos de la educación desde perspectivas sociales, filosóficas y teóricos como Vigotsky, Bandura, Rogers y Freire. 3) Propone que los enfoques de idealismo, pragmatismo y progresivismo influyen en un modelo de aprendizaje personalizado centrado en la educación a lo largo de la vida.
Diseño de un modelo de educación personalizada para toda la vidaPablo Fernandez
Este documento presenta un modelo de educación personalizada inspirado en el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida. La educación personalizada se centra en el desarrollo de cada persona considerando sus singularidades, autonomía y capacidad de apertura. El documento revisa los fundamentos teóricos e históricos de este enfoque, incluyendo las contribuciones de pensadores como Sócrates, Rousseau, Montessori, Mounier y Faure. También explora las implicaciones pedagógicas de este modelo educativo basado en el reconocimiento de cada
Este capítulo resume los primeros 500 años de historia de Puerto Rico desde su descubrimiento por Cristóbal Colón en 1493 hasta 1993. Describe los eventos de la semana del descubrimiento del 14 al 19 de noviembre de 1493, incluyendo la llegada de Colón a Islas Vírgenes el 14 de noviembre y su avistamiento de Puerto Rico el 15 de noviembre. Explica que Puerto Rico era originalmente llamada Borikén por sus habitantes indígenas Taínos y más tarde fue renombrada San Juan Bautista por los españoles.
Ensayo educación personalizada por pablo fernandezPablo Fernandez
Este documento presenta una propuesta para desarrollar un Modelo de Educación Personalizada basado en la Teoría de la Resiliencia. Revisa teorías del aprendizaje como las de Platón, Aristóteles, Piaget y Vigotsky, e introduce conceptos como la cognición, las inteligencias múltiples, la inteligencia emocional y la Teoría del Flujo. Finalmente, propone utilizar datos biográficos y autobiográficos como caso de estudio para validar la Teoría de la Resiliencia y presentar un modelo de aprend
Este documento presenta información sobre los ángeles y su jerarquía. Explica que los ángeles son seres divinos enviados por Dios para proteger a la humanidad, y que cada persona tiene un ángel guardián. También describe las siete jerarquías de ángeles, encabezadas por los siete arcángeles Miguel, Rafael, Gabriel, Uriel, Jofiel, Shamuel y Zadkiel.
Este documento contiene un libro de poemas escrito por Pablo Fernández Colón en 2004. El libro incluye un preámbulo, una dedicatoria y varios poemas divididos en dos secciones: "Poemas a Minerva Rodríguez Rodríguez" y "Otros poemas a varias mujeres". Los poemas expresan los sentimientos románticos del autor hacia diferentes mujeres en su vida. El libro proporciona información biográfica sobre el autor al final.
Este documento presenta un resumen de tres oraciones o menos de la historia general de la iglesia cristiana desde sus inicios en la era apostólica hasta el siglo IV, cuando se convirtió en la iglesia imperial católica y romana. El autor también expone sus motivos para escribir este libro, que incluyen educar adecuadamente a los creyentes sobre la historia y fundamentos teológicos del cristianismo, promover la unidad cristiana y desarrollar líderes capaces.
Este documento presenta el primer estudio bíblico de una serie sobre la formación cristiana. Explica los libros que componen la Biblia, dividiéndolos en el Antiguo y Nuevo Testamento. En el Antiguo Testamento se incluyen los cinco libros de Moisés, once libros históricos, cinco libros poéticos y cinco profetas mayores y doce profetas menores. El Nuevo Testamento surge con Jesucristo y sus enseñanzas para el nuevo pueblo de Dios.
Este documento presenta el preámbulo y la dedicatoria de la autobiografía "De Regreso a la Vida" escrita por Pablo Fernández-Colón. En el preámbulo, el autor expresa su deseo de escribir algo que cambie no solo su vida sino también la de los lectores. En la dedicatoria, Fernández-Colón dedica su libro a Dios, familiares, amigos, colegas y profesionales médicos que lo apoyaron durante su enfermedad y recuperación.
Restaura tus circuitos existenciales revised 2013Pablo Fernandez
Este documento presenta un modelo de resiliencia desarrollado por Pablo Fernández Colón. Se divide en varios capítulos que explican el concepto de resiliencia, proveen ejemplos de personas resilientes, e introducen un modelo basado en la restauración de circuitos existenciales. El autor busca ilustrar cómo la resiliencia impacta el desarrollo cognitivo y cómo las personas pueden fortalecerse a pesar de las dificultades.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Asian language families in the pre
1. ASIAN FAMILIESLANGUAGE IN THE PRE-COLOMBIAN AMERICA: A PROPOSAL
FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
Final Paper
By: Pablo Fernández Colón
ENGL 8005
Dr. Melvin Alleyne
University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras.
12/2/2013.
As earlier discussed in The Arahuac (Arawac) Indigenious language of the first Caribbean
inhabitants, “there is enough sustainable evidence that demonstrate the Asian input in the precolonized America, including the Caribbean”.
Tangible documentation regarding, DNA traces, religious practices and social traditions have
been also linked as part of the Asian input in the Pre-Colombian America (Department of
Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA. In Schurr TG, Ballinger SW,
Gan YY, Hodge JA, Merriwether DA, Lawrence DN, Knowler WC, Weiss KM, Wallace DC.,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1968708).
In the article Colombia: la puerta de ingreso a Suramérica ,
http://www.banrepcultural.org/museo-del-oro/sociedades/primeros-pobladores/colombia-puertade-ingreso-a-suramerica there it is sustained the theory which consider Colombia as the gate for
the entrance of South America by a diversity of pre-Columbus Asian inputs as far as 14,000
2. years ago. Itisalsosustainedthatafterthelast Glaciar era, whatnowadaysisPanama, waspart of
Colombia beforeitsindependence, and bythissite, “Los arqueólogos coinciden en señalar el Istmo
de Panamá y la región del Darién colombiano como paso obligado de los primeros habitantes a
Suramérica”.This is, archeologists signals this geographical zone as entrance to South America
as well as to the Caribbean.
Theories of earlier Asian routes to the Americas:
3. Three main theories have been proposed as origins as cited previously in the article Origins of
the Americas. http://www.slideshare.net/albanydia79/primeros-pobladores-de-america
http://www.buenastareas.com/ensayos/Teor%C3%ADas-Sobre-Los-Primeros-PobladoresDe/1292079.html,and in http://www.monografias.com/trabajos26/asia-y-america/asia-y-america.shtml, as it is
shown in the previous illustration.
But because of the cruel extinction of these early Amerindian setlers by the Europeans “conquistadores”maily
Spaniards after 1492, this is why it is so difficult to evidence the possible presence and influences of Asian Family
Language which could have had their influence in the Arahuacos (Arawaks) as well as other pre-Spanish
languages in the Americas as well as in the Caribbean.
But the logic says that if there are enough anthropological, cultural, religious as well as empirical medical DNA
data linked to the possible cross-cultural Asian-Amerindian interaction or contact, why not language contact also?
Because this writer does not master the expertise of linguistics as well as antropologists, it is why this paper is
presented only as a proposal for in deph studies regarding this possibility of Asian Family Languages in the
Amerindians much earlier than any other European languages links.
There is no doubt that a great number of formerCaribe-Ignerilanguage connections to south-americanArawak
language formed the Caribbean predominant creolesthat came to be the “Taino” language as pointed by Miner
Sola, Edwin (2002) in:DiccionarioTainoIlustrado as well as Alvarez Nazario, Manuel (1992)in:
El HablaCampesina del País. It is well documented that in the island of Dominica,ArahuacoIgneri language (Kalinago) was still spoken by its population up to the year 1920. If it were the
case, Saint Vincent in the British Honduras, as well as Dominica, could be considered as the last
evidence of Arahuaco-Igneri language of the Caribbean.Nowadays the Creole spoken form of
4. Garifuna as well as English, Spanish and Mayan Languages are found in the Island (Bolland,
Nigel. "Belize: Historical Setting". In A Country Study: Belize (Tim Merrill, editor). Library of
CongressFederal Research Division (January 1992).As well as St. Vincent, Dominica is home to
a wide range of people. Although it was historically occupied by several native tribes, the
Arawaks and KalinagoCarib tribes remained by the time European settlers reached the island as
it is cited in: "Dominica Ethnic groups 2001 Census". Cia.gov. Retrieved 2013-09-29.
Consecuently, the remaining Caribs now live on a 3,700-acre (15 km2) territory on the east coast
of the island of Dominica.Although the official languageis English,there is also aCreoledialect
calledVicentinowhich isa dialectwithlexicalmostlyEnglish,Frenchelements, Antillean Creole,
Spanishand Portuguese.
In the specific case of Puerto Rico (Boriken) indigenious or native Tainosetlersbecause of their
early extinction, as presented byAlvarez Nazario, Manuel (1992):“An important and very
relevant finding was the one sustained by the bishop Bastidas who by the year of 1544 found
only sixty (60)Tainos in the Island (Boriken)”, as a direct consequence, their language was
practically eliminated and substituted by the conquerors’ Spanish. Also religious Taino elements
were also difficult to evidence due to their quick extinction.
Triangulation evidence used by antropologists, points Taino language roots back to South
America, mainly Colombian Arawaks and St. Vincent indigenous who still keep manifestation of
what was earlier called Carib, Igneri or Aeawaktonges (Alvarez, M., 1992), and
http://www.banrepcultural.org/museo-del-oro/sociedades/primeros-pobladores/colombia-puertade-ingreso-a-suramerica.
5. Some considerations for further research are suggested in the following lines as guidance
forestablishing possible connections between early Amerindians languages and Asian Families
Languages due to the evidenced of language contact much more before the European presence in
the Americas as well as the Caribbean region.
Certain cultural parallels between ancient China and Peru suggest Chinese influence in the
Cupisnique-Chavin, Moche, Nazca, and Chimu cultures that existed along Peru’s coastal desert
from about 500 B.C. to A.D. 1400. Numerous nineteenth- and twentieth -century scholars have
observed linguistic, epigraphic, artistic, religious-cosmological, and technological parallels
suggestive of such influence. (See George Carter’s good summary, “Chinese Contacts with
America,” Anthropological Journal of Canada 14, no. 1 (1976), pp. 10–24; Joseph Needham,
Science and Civilization in China, vol. 4 (Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press, 1971,
Part III, esp. pp. 540–43; R. A. Jairazbhoy, Ancient Egyptians and Chinese in America (Totowa,
N.J.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1974); Paul Shao, Asiatic Influences in Pre-Columbian American
Art (Ames, Ia.: Iowa State University Press, 1976); and recently deceased HenrietteMerz’s more
speculative Pale Ink: Two Ancient Records of Chinese Exploration in America (Chicago:
Swallow Press, 1953; revised 1972). As previously mentioned in: American Indigenous
languages and Chinese influences in the pre-colonialism, presented in class on October 30, 2013,
More recently studies have shown additional insights in these regards:
“Present-day Asians and Native Americans are descended from a group of people who were
already in China 40,000 years ago, according to an analysis of fossil DNA published this
week”SvantePaabo, of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology cites: The
genetic analysis from the ancient bone showed similarities to genetic profiles from modern-day
6. Asians and Native Americans, the researchers explained.http://www.rawstory.com/rs/, By
Agence France-Presse, posted on: Tuesday, January 22, 2013 21:10 EDT. Additional DNA traits
were reviewed in PeriódicoMercurio from Chile signaling the presence of Asian DNA traces in
Perubian primitive cultures as sustained by the studies conducted by Rothhammer, (Transpacific
Theory), .” http://www.escolares.net/historia-universal/teorias-poblamiento-americano/.
AlešHrdlička (1869-1943), as well as the works done by the linguist Joseph Greenberg,
paleoantropólogist Christy Turner and genetist Stephen Zegura, in a co-authors work published
in "El Poblamiento de América: Unacomparación de la evidencialingüística, dental y genética".
GREENBERG; TURNER; & ZEGURA (1986).
Using vocabulary found both in Asian Family Languages as well as Arawak (Taino) Language
as presented in Miner Sola, Edwin (2002) in: DiccionarioTainoIlustrado as well as Alvarez
Nazario, Manuel (1992)in: El HablaCampesina del País. Also in http://www.tainotribe.org/tsdict.html, BienvenidosA La PrimeraEdicion Del DiccionarioModernoTainoEL
Diccionario Del LenguajeHabladoTaino, a Project for the Taino Language is proposed in this
site, which can be useful for further research.
To facilitate translation between traditional – Chinessepidging the following online dictionary
provides an easy correlation, including pronunciation: Chinese pidgin
http://www.theworldofchinese.com/2010/05/pidgin-english/,
http://members.dandy.net/~orocobix/tsdict.html, and http://translate.google.com/#en/zhCN/Buren%2C%20Boya%2C.
7. While considering Grammar of the Chinese language, as for example the word order is subject,
verb and object but is also subject, object and verb, can be utilized as another useful source in
http://html.rincondelvago.com/lenguas-de-todo-el-mundo.html.
Conclussion: A vision of the future:
What is happening today between China and Latin American Countries (LAC)? In the following
link this question is answered: Time to recalibrate China-Caribbean relationship
http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2013-01/06/content_27597904.htm.
The following summary is taken from this site to illustrate this inter relationship between LAC
and China: “China and the LAC region also share a long history. Chinese explorers already had
maps of Latin America and the Caribbean in 1418 -- more than seven decades before Columbus
and the Europeans first arrived in 1492. But China's re-engagement with the English-speaking
Caribbean is of more recent vintage. The first Chinese arrived in Guyana, Jamaica and Trinidad
& Tobago in the 1840s -- along with Indian indentured servants -- following the abolition of
slavery in the British Caribbean in 1838. Another batch arrived in Jamaica in 1854.
(Interestingly, all the early Chinese in the Caribbean came from China's Guangdong Province.
Today, people of Chinese descent can be found in every Caribbean territory.)
But there are new factors that will color China's relationships with Latin America and with the
Caribbean, both as a whole and in parts. The dynamics of the current acceleration of improved
cross-Straits ties also have implications for Chinese mainland and Taiwan's respective relations
with the countries of LAC region and vice versa.”
8. References
Agence France-Presse: The genetic analysis from the ancient bone showed similarities to
genetic profiles from modern-day Asians and Native Americans, the researchers
explained.http://www.rawstory.com/rs/, posted on: Tuesday, January 22, 2013 21:10
EDT.
Alleyne M.C., Chaper 7: Caribbean Popular Vernaculars in CARIBBEAN
COMMUNICATION: Vol. II Language in CaribbeanCommunication,
Alvarez Nazario, Manuel (1992)in: El Habla Campesina del País: Editorial de la
Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, PR
Bering Passage:http://www.escolares.net/historia-universal/teorias-poblamiento-americano/
Bousquet, Earl:Time to recalibrate China-Caribbean relationship,
http://www.china.org.cn/opinion/2013-01/06/content_27597904.htm
CAVALLI-SFORZA, L. L., et. al. (1988).«Reconstruction of human evolution: Bringing
together genetic, archaeological, and linguistic data».«A new genetic map of living
humans in interconnected world regions».DNA Tribes
Colombia: la puerta de ingreso a Suramérica , http://www.banrepcultural.org/museo-deloro/sociedades/primeros-pobladores/colombia-puerta-de-ingreso-a-suramerica
China: 7000 Years of Discovery (Toronto, 1982), pp. 8–9: Carter’ George, “Chinese Contacts
9. with America,” Anthropological Journal of Canada 14, no. 1 (1976), pp. 10–24.
DNA Study traces Ancestry of Native American to Beijin:
http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2013/01/22/dna-study-traces-ancestry-of-native-americansto-beijing/ and http://descubriramerica.wordpress.com/).
Early Setlers:http://www.buenastareas.com/ensayos/Teor%C3%ADas-Sobre-Los-PrimerosPobladores-De/1292079.html.
Merz, Henriette: Pale Ink: Two Ancient Records of Chinese Exploration in America (Chicago:
Swallow Press, 1953; revised 1972).
Miner Sola, Edwin (2002) in: Diccionario Taino Ilustrado Serie: Puerto Rico Prehistorico
Vol.1 Ediciones Servilibros, PR. ISBN: 0-9633435-9-9
Needham,Joseph:Science and Civilization in China, vol. 4 (Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge
University Press, 1971, Part III, esp. pp. 540–43.
Origins of the Americas.http://www.slideshare.net/albanydia79/primeros-pobladores-de-america
http://www.buenastareas.com/ensayos/Teor%C3%ADas-Sobre-Los-PrimerosPobladores-De/1292079.html, and in http://www.monografias.com/trabajos26/asia-y-america/asiay-america.shtml.
Pidgins & Creoles: An Introduction, edited by JacheresArends, Pieter Muysken and Norval
Smith (1995)
10. Primera Edicion Del Diccionario Moderno Taino EL Diccionario Del Lenguaje Hablado Taino,
http://www.taino-tribe.org/tsdict.html
R. A. Jairazbhoy, Ancient Egyptians and Chinese in America (Totowa, N.J.: Rowman and
Littlefield, 1974
Reich, David, et. al. 2012 Reconstructing Native American population history Nature 2012
DOI: doi:10.1038/nature11258
Schurr TG, Ballinger SW, Gan YY, Hodge JA, Merriwether DA, Lawrence DN, Knowler WC,
Weiss KM, Wallace DC.Amerindian mitochondrial DNAs have rare Asian
mutations at high frequencies, suggesting they derived from four primary maternal
lineages:Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta,
GA. In Schurr TG, Ballinger SW, Gan YY, Hodge JA, Merriwether DA, Lawrence DN,
Knowler WC, Weiss KM, Wallace DC., http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1968708.
Shao Paul, Asiatic Influences in Pre-Columbian American Art (Ames, Ia.: Iowa State University
Press, 1976)
Theories on early Asian input in America:
http://www.monografias.com/trabajos26/asia-y-america/asia-yamerica.shtml#ixzz2hw5ynxSH. Also in: (http://www.escolares.net/historiauniversal/teorias-poblamiento-americano/
11. Tomas Navarro, Tomas (1999) El Español en Puerto Rico: contribución a la geografía
lingüística hispanoamericana. Universidad de Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, 1998.