Non destructive test

1. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Monitoring Bending and Buckling of Long
Pipelines Through Strain Gauges
4th FYP Presentation
ME-2011
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2. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Group Members
• Jamshid Khan (GL)
• Asad Jahangir
• Hafeez Ullah
• Faisal Ziyad
Advisor
• Dr. Naseer Ahmed
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3. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Contents
• Introduction
• Aim
• Objectives
• Fabrication Work
• Material Used
• Types of Process
• Sub Assemblies
• General Assemblies
• Finishing
• Conclusion
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4. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Introduction
• Pipeline system are widely used for distribution and transportation of
petroleum, natural gas, water and sewage.
• During their service life, the pipelines face many threats such as bending
and buckling.
• These damages occurs due to
Temperature change
Internal pressure
Ground movement.
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5. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Aim
• Monitoring of long pipes through strain gauges
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6. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Objectives
• To find the life time of pipes
• To rapidly detect damages in pipes
• To secure humans life due to the damage or leakage of gas in pipes
• To save power by using wireless network to detect specific leakage point
in real time.
• To reduce pipeline rupture in short interval of times by signal networks.
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7. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Fabrication Work
• In Fabrication work, the team
construct by combining or assembling diverse,
typically standardized parts
• In this project the fabrication involves
Supporting frame
Pipe supporter
Strain gauges installation
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8. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Material used
• Material used in frame manufacturing are
aluminum.
• The whole weight of frame is 12.6 kg.
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9. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Pipe material
• We have selected PVC material for pipe.
• Its length is 5 ft.
• Diameter is 40 mm.
• Life time is 30 years.
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10. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering 10
PVC Pipe Physical properties
Water absorption increase % 0.05
Coefficient of Linear Expansion
(in/in/°F)
2.9 x 10-5
Material Becomes Viscous 350°F
Maximum Service Temp. 140°F

11. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering 11
Aluminum Properties for Frame
Melting Point (°C) 660.2
Boiling Point (°C) 2480
Co-Efficient of Linear
Expansion (0-100°C)
(x10-6/°C)
23.
Modulus of Elasticity
(GPa)
68.3

12. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Supporter Material
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Material Cast iron
Tensile strength 250 Mpa
Fatigue Resistance 110 MPa
Yield Strength (0.2%) 160 MPa

13. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Types of process
• Arc welding
• Fastener
• Strain gauges installation
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14. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Strain Gauges Installation
• Strain gauge grid are made alloys of copper and
nickel.
• It can find unidirectional strain.
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15. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Continue…
• Strain gauges are the device used to measure the
strain in an object.
• The gauges are attached to an object by suitable
adhesive.
• The resistance changes is commonly measured by
using wheat Stonebridge.
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16. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering 16

17. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Continue..
• Bond strain gauge to measuring site
• Drop of the adhesive, put the strain gauge on the
measuring site while lining up the center marks
• Press strain gauge
• Cover the strain gauge with the accessory
polyethylene sheet and press it over the sheet
with a thumb.
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18. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Continue…
• Complete bonding work
• Remove the polyethylene sheet and make
sure the strain gauge is securely bonded.
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19. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Continue..
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20. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
NDT ?
• Method of finding defects in an object without
harming the object.
• If pipe had to be cut into pieces to be examined. It
would destroy their usefulness.
• Here in NDT, defects may be find before they
become dangerous.
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21. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
NDT Assessment
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22. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Software Assessment
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23. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Graphic indication of nodes
• In graph there are two type of value
Positive Value
Negative Value
• In some areas the positive/Negative value gives
indication about tension and compression of pipe.
• The Positive/Negative value deliver by the system are
per second.
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24. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Continue..
• This line show the disruption (Tension).
• Here the applied force is not uniform but variable
with time.
• If we restore its position, the value remain
constant.
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25. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Continue….
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26. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Continue..
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27. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Continue…
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Voltage
Time (Sec)

28. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Sub Assemblies
• Frame
• Supporter
• Central processing unit for analog data
• Strain Gauge
• Out put data on screen in form of graphics
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29. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Frame Parameter
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Length 42 in
Weight 12.6 Kg
height 32 in
Weight Bear 90 kg
Material used Aluminum 3031

30. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Supporter
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Length 4 in
Height 1 ft.
Weight 2 kg
Thickness 3 mm

31. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Central Processing Unit
• In CPU the Data are collected in the form of
analog.
• The analog data are converted into digital.
• The data are process to over come noise and get
free-error data.
• Each terminal of Strain gauge are connected to +in
–in.
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32. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Strain gauge
• We will installed one strain gauge at center
position.
• Position of strain gauge.
• Strain Gauge parallel to the axis.
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33. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
General Assemblies
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frame
System
Pipe
Supporter
Data Acquistion
Strain Gauge

34. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Thank You
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35. CECOS University
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Any Question ?
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