Jacob Matakanye - SIHMA Seminar 2: 30 July
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Jacob Matakanye shared the experiences of migrants coming into South Africa via the Beitbridge border post.
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This document presents information on types of migration and migration policies of different countries. It defines various types of migration such as internal, international, voluntary, involuntary, impelled, step, chain, and return migration. It also discusses factors that pull and push people to migrate such as better economic opportunities and natural disasters. Effects of migration on both source and receiving regions are provided. The document then outlines specific migration policies of countries like Germany, Botswana, South Africa, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Poland, Chile and Spain. It discusses how these countries facilitate, restrict or regulate the flow of immigrants through various permits, visas, point-based systems or welfare benefits.
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In Partial Fulfillment of
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March 17, 2014
Prepared for Dr. Grammy
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2
By analysis of objective economic measurements and assessments, South Africa occupies
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South Africa has the largest national income at a gross domestic product of $384.3 billion in
Africa, an unemployment rate competitive to that of other top performing African nations, and a
relatively stable currency that has acceptable inflation.1 The Republic of South Africa, then, is
far removed from the common notions of the developmental economic status of an African
nation; it represents the best aspects of a developing nation. Despite South Africa’s glowing
metrics and international renown among the developing nations, South Africa owes its greater
success in comparison to other African nations to its long history of European colonial rule.
Unlike many other countries on the continent, the colonists of South Africa did not suddenly
abandon the colony with the downturn of colonialism in the late 19th and first half of the 20th
century. For over a century, South Africa benefited from the economic and organizational
development capacity of the United Kingdom and other European colonial powers; it did not
have to suffer the destructive economic disruptions of civil wars or struggles during power
vacuums. Though what South Africa gained in comparative economic prosperity it lost in racial
equity. One scholar put it succinctly: “… as the rest of the world tried to meet the challenges of
civil rights movements and decolonization, apartheid symbolized resistance to the winds of
change…”2 The curious developmental economist looking to assess the economic affect
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1 “South Africa,” last modified February, 2014, http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa
Novel data comparisons were made by cross-examining other country profiles on the
World Bank site.
2 Gay Seidman, “Is South Africa Different? Sociological Comparisons and Theoretical
Contributions from the Land
of Apartheid,” Annual Review of Sociology 25 (1999): 419-421
3
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Abstain 2010 Final
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2) Legalizing prostitution has failed in other countries and has increased related harms like trafficking, organized crime, and unregulated violence and disease. South Africa lacks the ability to effectively police the sex industry.
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African Human Mobility Review vol. 4(3)
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed on-line journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers, AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues. AHMR is published by the Scalabrini Institute for Human Mobility in Africa (SIHMA) a member of the Network of the Scalabrinian Centers for Migration Studies, with institutions in New York, Paris, Rome, Buenos Aires, Sao Paulo and Manila. AHMR is accredited by the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) in South Africa.
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The Lasting Economic Legacy of South African Apartheid
In Partial Fulfillment of
Economics 410: International Economic Development
March 17, 2014
Prepared for Dr. Grammy
Prepared by Alex Lewis
2
By analysis of objective economic measurements and assessments, South Africa occupies
the unique position of being the most successful African country on the continent of Africa.
South Africa has the largest national income at a gross domestic product of $384.3 billion in
Africa, an unemployment rate competitive to that of other top performing African nations, and a
relatively stable currency that has acceptable inflation.1 The Republic of South Africa, then, is
far removed from the common notions of the developmental economic status of an African
nation; it represents the best aspects of a developing nation. Despite South Africa’s glowing
metrics and international renown among the developing nations, South Africa owes its greater
success in comparison to other African nations to its long history of European colonial rule.
Unlike many other countries on the continent, the colonists of South Africa did not suddenly
abandon the colony with the downturn of colonialism in the late 19th and first half of the 20th
century. For over a century, South Africa benefited from the economic and organizational
development capacity of the United Kingdom and other European colonial powers; it did not
have to suffer the destructive economic disruptions of civil wars or struggles during power
vacuums. Though what South Africa gained in comparative economic prosperity it lost in racial
equity. One scholar put it succinctly: “… as the rest of the world tried to meet the challenges of
civil rights movements and decolonization, apartheid symbolized resistance to the winds of
change…”2 The curious developmental economist looking to assess the economic affect
apartheid has had on various components of South Africa’s economy should look to the disparity
1 “South Africa,” last modified February, 2014, http://data.worldbank.org/country/south-africa
Novel data comparisons were made by cross-examining other country profiles on the
World Bank site.
2 Gay Seidman, “Is South Africa Different? Sociological Comparisons and Theoretical
Contributions from the Land
of Apartheid,” Annual Review of Sociology 25 (1999): 419-421
3
between white and non-white unemployment and wages, what groups constitute the population
of the agrarian sector, and racial proportions in the participation of the various power structures.
Economics deals with the observable, sometimes surprisingly dismal, reality of human
action in response to incentive stimul ...
South Africa's MDG's 2013
Minister Trevor Manuel, the Minister in the Presidency: The National Planning Commission We are in the home stretch, 2015 is just around the corner and this Millennium Development Goals report, the fifth in a series of reports since the adoption of the MDG‟s in 2000, is critical in understanding and knowing whether we are going to achieve all the goals by 2015. It is important to reiterate that South Africa was always a willing signatory to the MDGs because it aligned itself seamlessly with a vision expressed and supported by millions of South Africans when they assembled in Kliptown in 1955, which they called the Freedom Charter which became an important base document to South Africa's supreme law, the Constitution. It is therefore, true to say that the goals were an integral part of the on-going work and challenges taken on by the post- apartheid government. It is also instructive to note that this commitment is the bedrock of Vision 2030 as it is espoused in our National Development Plan: “By 2030, we seek to eliminate poverty and reduce inequality. We seek a country wherein all citizens have the capabilities to grasp the ever-broadening opportunities available. Our plan is to change the life chances of millions of our people, especially the youth; life chances that remain stunted by our apartheid history.” (National Development Plan, p5). But as this report so vividly illustrates, there are still so many challenges in our endeavour to ensure that we achieve the MDG goals. We are confident that we have dealt effectively with the goal to half extreme poverty but we remain deeply concerned that relative inequality remains high, as measured by the Gini coefficient. This is so in part because of the high unemployment rate and the low labour force participation rate in our country.
ICMA_Panel1_Edmond Agyeman_Nigeria
The International Conference on Migration in Africa (ICMA) hosted by the Scalabrini Institute for Human Mobility in Africa (SIHMA) and the Institute for Social Development at UWC, on 3 December 2014 brought together local, African and international scholars, academics, researchers, practitioners, professionals, policy makers and NGO representatives and funding bodies to discuss issues relating to human mobility in Africa. The topics included south-south migration, the nexus between migration and development, irregular migration and reintegration of returnee migrants.
How the lack of migration data is hindering Zambia's development - Mariah Mul...
Migration data is cardinal for well managed migration that ensures social economic development through the formulation of sound and progressive migration policies and legislation. This article focuses on migration data in Zambia; current situation, challenges and possible solutions.
Abstain 2010 Final
1) South Africa faces high rates of poverty, HIV/AIDS, and human trafficking, especially during events that increase tourism like the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The sex industry exploits many women and children through prostitution and sex slavery.
2) Legalizing prostitution has failed in other countries and has increased related harms like trafficking, organized crime, and unregulated violence and disease. South Africa lacks the ability to effectively police the sex industry.
3) All can help by abstaining from sexual exploitation and consumerism, encouraging faithfulness and responsibility, and protecting the vulnerable from harms like trafficking.
SONA 2011
This document is the transcript of President Jacob Zuma's 2011 State of the Nation Address given on February 10, 2011. In the address, Zuma highlights that South Africa has made progress in establishing a stable democracy, providing basic services, reducing crime, and improving education. However, unemployment and poverty remain challenges. Zuma declares 2011 the year of job creation and outlines six priority areas for job growth: infrastructure, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, green economy, and tourism. He emphasizes that job creation will require partnership between government, business, labor, and communities.
African Human Mobility Review vol. 4(3)
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed on-line journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers, AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues. AHMR is published by the Scalabrini Institute for Human Mobility in Africa (SIHMA) a member of the Network of the Scalabrinian Centers for Migration Studies, with institutions in New York, Paris, Rome, Buenos Aires, Sao Paulo and Manila. AHMR is accredited by the Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET) in South Africa.
SouthAfricaImportProject
This document provides an analysis of South Africa as a potential market for exporting tractors. It covers South Africa's geography, demographics, political system, costs of doing business, levels of corruption, and economic freedom. Key points include that South Africa has a varied climate and landscape, a population of over 50 million people from diverse backgrounds, and a parliamentary republic government. While some costs are high, most costs for investors are low due to trade-friendly policies. Corruption exists but is not as severe as in some other African nations. The economy shows potential for growth within BRICS.
ICMA 2014_Panel1_Sergio Carciotto
The International Conference on Migration in Africa (ICMA) hosted by the Scalabrini Institute for Human Mobility in Africa (SIHMA) and the Institute for Social Development at UWC, on 3 December 2014 brought together local, African and international scholars, academics, researchers, practitioners, professionals, policy makers and NGO representatives and funding bodies to discuss issues relating to human mobility in Africa. The topics included south-south migration, the nexus between migration and development, irregular migration and reintegration of returnee migrants.
ICMA_Panel 1_Edmond Agyeman_Ghana
The International Conference on Migration in Africa (ICMA) hosted by the Scalabrini Institute for Human Mobility in Africa (SIHMA) and the Institute for Social Development at UWC, on 3 December 2014 brought together local, African and international scholars, academics, researchers, practitioners, professionals, policy makers and NGO representatives and funding bodies to discuss issues relating to human mobility in Africa. The topics included south-south migration, the nexus between migration and development, irregular migration and reintegration of returnee migrants.
Irregular Migration and Human Trafficking in Nigeria
This presentation discusses irregular migration and human trafficking in Nigeria. It defines key terms like irregular migration, human trafficking, and the differences between trafficking and smuggling. It provides an overview of the causes, forms, and scale of human trafficking globally and within Nigeria. It also shares some data on Nigerian victims trafficked to other countries in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa and discusses the roles of organizations like NAPTIP in addressing trafficking within Nigeria.
Ahmr vol 3(2) final press (sep 1 2017) min
We are pleased to announce that AHMR: Vol. 3 No. 2, 2017 – Special Issue has been published. We would like to to express our appreciation to Prof Jonathan Crush our guest editor for this issue.
Socio economic studies of Bangladesh
The document is a presentation on human trafficking prepared by Group 3. It discusses the definition and origin of human trafficking, how it has increased in recent decades despite being illegal. It outlines who the main victims are, the factors that enable trafficking like demand for cheap labor and sex work, as well as the impacts on individuals and societies. It concludes with recommendations to increase awareness, strengthen laws against traffickers, and address the underlying causes that make people vulnerable to being trafficked.
Cambodia
Human trafficking is a serious problem in Cambodia. The country is a source, transit, and destination for human trafficking. Many people are trafficked internally and cross-border to countries like Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia for forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. Government and NGO actors have implemented prevention, protection, and prosecution efforts to address trafficking. However, more work is still needed to strengthen anti-trafficking efforts, address demand factors, and combat emerging issues related to migration. Continued efforts to combat human trafficking directly support goals to reduce poverty, improve education, and achieve gender equality in Cambodia.
Professor Raymond Atuguba addresses the Sierra Leone Bar Association.
The document discusses the current state of law and development in West Africa. It notes that democracy and good governance are declining globally while dictatorships and populism are rising. Economically, extractivism by powerful countries is pillaging resources from poorer nations. In Africa specifically, every measure of democracy and economic governance declined from 2015-2017, and the continent is moving away from political stability. Many African countries have experienced coups or unrest in recent years. The document calls for action from the Sierra Leone Bar Association to address democratic and economic policy reversals in their country.
African Human Mobility Review Vol 4(2)
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed on-line journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues
A pattern for global policy excursion into the causes and implications of mig...
This document summarizes a research paper on the causes and implications of migration from African and European perspectives. Some key findings:
1) Violence and poverty in Africa are major push factors for migration to Europe, while restrictive European policies and anti-immigrant sentiment marginalize African migrants.
2) African governments should promote development while controlling illegal emigration, and Europe should reform trade policies and establish international agreements with Africa.
3) Interviews with experts found that migrants from communal African cultures feel alienated in individualistic European cultures, lacking a sense of belonging. Cultural differences in childrearing and gender roles also cause challenges.
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Irregular Migration and Human Trafficking in Nigeria
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Professor Raymond Atuguba addresses the Sierra Leone Bar Association.
Professor Raymond Atuguba addresses the Sierra Leone Bar Association.
A pattern for global policy excursion into the causes and implications of mig...
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AHMR volume 10 number 1 January-April 2024
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
Border towns and spaces of (in)visibility.pdf
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
AHMR volume 10 number 1 January-April 2024
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
AHMR Volume 9 Number 3 September - December 2023
This book review summarizes the key aspects of the book "Migration in West Africa" edited by Joseph Kofi Teye. The book discusses migration patterns, drivers, and socio-economic impacts of internal and cross-border migration within West Africa through 13 chapters. It addresses topics such as the challenges in implementing the ECOWAS free movement protocol, environmental and forced migration in the region, labor migration and remittances, and return migration. The chapters provide empirical evidence and theoretical reflections on the migration-development nexus in West Africa. The book deepens understanding of the dynamics, causes, and effects of migration in the region by presenting case studies from multiple West African nations on issues like human smuggling, gendered migration
AHMR volume 9 number 2 May-Aug 2023 SPECIAL ISSUE
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
SIHMA Annual Report 2022
SIHMA is a research institute and non-profit organization advocating for the rights of migrants and refugees in Africa. It was founded in 2014 and conducts research to understand human mobility and inform policies that ensure migrant rights and dignity. SIHMA is part of a network of organizations established by the Missionaries of St. Charles, who have worked with migrants in Africa since 1994. The annual report provides an overview of SIHMA's research, publications, training activities and financial status from 2022. It also introduces the staff, partners and expanded network supporting SIHMA's work across the continent.
AHMR Vol.9 number1.pdf
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
AHMR 8:3 SPECIAL ISSUE ONLINE VERSION OK.pdf
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
FINALIZED SCALABRINI REPORT- ASAP Model
A research opportunity facilitated by the George Washington University’s Dean’s Scholars Program allowed Prajna Naidoo to pursue an experience as an intern at the Scalabrini Center in Cape Town (SCCT) to understand the inner workings of the Employment Access Business Development Program and its clients, in pursuit of her degree. Below are the preliminary results of her research.
AHMR volume 8 number 2 May-Aug 2022 ONLINE.pdf
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa. Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
SIHMA Annual Report 2021
SIHMA released its annual report with the main activities, research, publications and events from March 2021 to February 2022.
AHMR Volume 8 Number 1 Jan- April 2022
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa.
Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
AHMR Volume 7 number 3 September-December 2021
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa.
Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
AHMR Volume 7 Number 2 May - August 2021
This article explores the experiences of social workers managing cases of unaccompanied refugee minors in two Child and Youth Care Centres in Polokwane, South Africa. Through interviews and observation, the study found that most unaccompanied minors lacked proper documentation and had dire needs. Social workers faced challenges like limited capacity, lack of intersectoral collaboration, and insufficient resources to handle the complex issues affecting unaccompanied minors. While South Africa has strong child protection laws and frameworks, the implementation for foreign unaccompanied children has gaps. This highlights critical child protection challenges in managing the welfare of vulnerable youth in the centers.
SIHMA annual report 2020-21
SIHMA released its annual report with the main activities, research, publications and events from March 2020 to February 2021.
AHMR volume 7 number 1 January - April 2021
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa.
Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.
Only One Home (UnaSolaCasa) Humanity’s Response to the Test of Covid-19
Only One Home (UnaSolaCasa) Humanity’s Response to the Test of Covid-19Scalabrini Institute for Human Mobility in Africa
At the end of March 2020, in the midst of the first phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Scalabrinian Missionaries for the Europe and Africa region, through the Scalabrinian Agency for Cooperation and Development (ASCS), have promoted in their regional network of missionary positions and initiatives (Scalabrini International Migration Network - regional SIMN) through a campaign to raise awareness and funds to primarily support migrants and refugees as "neighbours", who are suffering under the pandemic, due to indifference or marginalisation, despite having, with all other human beings, “only one home”.AHMR Volume 6 number 3 September-December 2020 online version
AHMR Volume 6 number 3 September-December 2020 online versionScalabrini Institute for Human Mobility in Africa
AHMR is an interdisciplinary peer-reviewed online journal created to encourage and facilitate the study of all aspects (socio-economic, political, legislative and developmental) of Human Mobility in Africa.
Through the publication of original research, policy discussions and evidence research papers AHMR provides a comprehensive forum devoted exclusively to the analysis of contemporaneous trends, migration patterns and some of the most important migration-related issues.Unintended consequences for exclusions
SIHMA’s new research paper series is entitled the Advocates’ Migration Brief and addresses recent judicial decisions relating to people on the move. The first paper in the series is entitled Unintended Consequences for Exclusions, and explores the application of exclusion provisions in the South African context. This first paper in the series convers an aspect of international and domestic refugee law being exclusion from refugee status. In the refugee status determination process, it is important to establish whether a person falls within the definition of a refugee to receive protection from the host state. Some individuals though might meet the requirements of one or more definition but may nevertheless be excluded from protection because they may be considered to not be deserving of or in need of protection.
Manufacturing illegality
This report explores the development of new asylum seeker policy aimed at curtailing asylum seekers’ right to work in South Africa whilst they await the finalisation of the claims, and what the country can learn from similar policy developments in the European Union (EU)
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Only One Home (UnaSolaCasa) Humanity’s Response to the Test of Covid-19
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AHMR Volume 6 number 3 September-December 2020 online version
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留信网认证的作用:
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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6:个人职称评审加20分
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
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二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信号:176555708】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：客户在留信官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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A forever thank you in your Will to Milton Keynes University Hospital can change lives for years to come.
一比一原版(Adelaide毕业证)阿德莱德大学毕业证如何办理
原件一模一样【微信：95270640】【阿德莱德大学毕业证Adelaide学位证成绩单】【微信：95270640】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：95270640】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：95270640】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：95270640】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理阿德莱德大学毕业证毕业证假文凭Adelaide学位证【微信：95270640 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理阿德莱德大学毕业证Adelaide学位证毕业证假文凭【微信：95270640 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理阿德莱德大学毕业证毕业证假文凭Adelaide学位证【微信：95270640 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理阿德莱德大学毕业证毕业证假文凭Adelaide学位证【微信：95270640 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Spending in the 340B Drug Pricing Program, 2010 to 2021
Presentation by Rebecca Sachs and Joshua Varcie, analysts in CBO’s Health Analysis Division, at the 13th Annual Conference of the American Society of Health Economists.
CBO's Immigration Projections - Presentation
Presentation by Julie Topoleski, CBO’s Director of Labor, Income Security, and Long-Term Analysis, at the 16th Annual Meeting of the OECD Working Party of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions.
G7 Apulia Leaders Communique, June 2024 (1).pdf
G7 Apulia Leaders Communique, 14th June 2024
"The present Canon of the West"
Indira awas yojana housing scheme renamed as PMAY
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) played a significant role in addressing rural housing needs in India. It emerged as a comprehensive program for affordable housing solutions in rural areas, predating the government’s broader focus on mass housing initiatives.
一比一原版(theauckland毕业证书)新西兰奥克兰大学毕业证成绩单如何办理
原版定制【微信:741003700】《(theauckland毕业证书)新西兰奥克兰大学毕业证学位证成绩单》【微信:741003700】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【Q微信741003700】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
在线办理美国乔治华盛顿大学毕业证（gwu毕业证书）学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国乔治华盛顿大学毕业证（gwu毕业证书）学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
karnataka housing board schemes . all schemes
The Karnataka government, along with the central government’s Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), offers various housing schemes to cater to the diverse needs of citizens across the state. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the major housing schemes available in the Karnataka housing board for both urban and rural areas in 2024.
在线办理(西班牙UPV毕业证书)瓦伦西亚理工大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(西班牙UPV毕业证书)瓦伦西亚理工大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The Power of Community Newsletters: A Case Study from Wolverton and Greenleys...
YOU WILL DISCOVER:
The engaging history and evolution of Wolverton and Greenleys Town Council's newsletter
Strategies for producing a successful community newsletter and generating income through advertising
The decision-making process behind moving newsletter design from in-house to outsourcing and its impacts
Dive into the success story of Wolverton and Greenleys Town Council's newsletter in this insightful webinar. Hear from Mandy Shipp and Jemma English about the newsletter's journey from its inception to becoming a vital part of their community's communication, including its history, production process, and revenue generation through advertising. Discover the reasons behind outsourcing its design and the benefits this brought. Ideal for anyone involved in community engagement or interested in starting their own newsletter.
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 41
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
2024: The FAR - Federal Acquisition Regulations, Part 42
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
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Jacob Matakanye - SIHMA Seminar 2: 30 July
- 1. Messina Legal Advice Office (MLAO) Presentation on Human Cost of Undocumented Migrants & Alternatives to irregular entry to South Africa ____________________________________________ ProudlyServingMusinaCommunitySince1988 _____________________________________________ 30th of July 2014 Cape Town Presentation by Jacob N Matakanye 1
- 2. Brief Back Ground History Prior to the influx in 2007, As the political situation in Zimbabweans, in SADC and further afield to the north of Africa continued to deteriorate coupled with lack of jobs , food and other basic needs, as a result of this situation South Africa has saw an unprecedented influx of Zimbabweans and other nationalities into South Africa. The Zimbabwean political and economic situation was on the decline for a long time resulting in migrants flooding to South Africa from undesignated entry points as a result of a porous border line. 2
- 3. Instruments on Migrants` Rights and Responsibilities Legislation, policies and strategies in South Africa to manage migrants and migrants’ rights • Migrants’ rights and responsibilities • Refugee protection in South Africa International Law and Human Rights Instruments International Law Migration law Human Rights instruments International Convention (1951 UN Convention)on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant (South Africa is a signatory) 3
- 4. OBJECTIVES • Programme was to facilitate the Protection of the rights of asylum seekers & refugees and undocumented migrants in South Africa • Monitoring & Advocacy • Access to legal advice • Rights and responsibility of Migrant • Access to government institutions 4
- 5. Persons of MLAO`S concerns originate from the following countries Angola Nigeria Bangladesh Pakistan Burundi Senegal DRC Somalia Ethiopia Tanzania India Zimbabwe Kenya Mozambique 5
- 6. Categories of foreign Nationals (Migrants) Asylum seekers Refugees Unaccompanied children Illegal immigrants 6
- 7. South African Legal Framework for migration management The Constitution (Bill of Rights) The Immigration Act (Act no. 19 of 2004) Refugee Act (1998) and refugee protection Refugee Amendment Act (12 of 2011) Push factors Many countries political situation`s are not stable resulting in their citizens fleeing to other counties for safety Pull factors South Africa is a pull fact because of its democracy and human rights protection in chapter two as contained in our constitution 7
- 8. Stats January to June 2012 Age Group Male (in absolute numbers) (in %) Female (in absolute numbers) (in %) Total (in absolute numbers) (in %) 0-4 805 58 594 42 1399 100 5-17 1910 71 793 29 2703 100 18-59 11175 74 3935 26 15110 100 60 and > 3 23 10 77 13 100 Total: 13,893 72 5,332 28 19,225 100 8
- 9. Stats Monitoring Detention Centre 2012 No Month Males Females Total January 538 135 673 February 1542 85 1627 March 1131 210 1341 April 644 79 723 May 796 128 924 June 685 220 905 July 444 45 489 August 477 31 508 September 581 135 716 October 405 96 501 November 295 109 404 December 112 37 149 Total 7,650 1,310 8,960 9
- 10. Migrants running for safety Migrants Leaving their homes and families Travelling from one country to another for safety Vulnerable to: Law Enforcing agencies (migrants have no documentation etc) Whether Mugging /thief's Health risk/illness' 10
- 11. lives lost The Limpopo River Many Migrants have been swept away by the river in an attempt to cross the river into SA during the day or night Crocodiles Many Migrants have been killed by crocodiles while attempting to cross the river Game farm Many migrants from different nationalities have been killed by game animals (lions )as they travelled on foot further in land seeking safety 11
- 12. No men's Land No men's Land is between South Africa and Zimbabwe borders. The Limpopo river which divides the two countries is where its called no mans land Non of the two countries is responsible for any atrocities committed in no men's land. The period 2007 to 2013 Many migrants after crossing the Limpopo river were meet by the so called “Ama-guma-guma” Migrants were killed both men and women of different nationalities Migrants were raped and sodomised both men and women of different nationalities 12
- 13. Labour exploitation Many farms around Musina employ asylum seekers and refugees as cheap labours below government Sectoral Wage Determination Employment of minors Conflict with citizens Law Enforcing Agencies Unlawful arrests and detention Tearing of legal documentation 13
- 14. Xenophobia Incidents of xenophobia around Musina including such towns such as Polokwane, Malamulela District MLAO carried out workshops to both community on rights and responsibilities of Migrants in South Africa However many were killed though we are not able to provide stats 14
- 15. Challenges • MLAO is a non governmental organization and is financially supported by the donor community to carry out most of its activities • Sustaining of awareness campaigns is a challenge as in many instances funding is required • Intervention of both Zimbabwean and South African governments in order to reduce instances of harassment and torture 15
- 16. Thank You 16