Impact of Low Social Spending on Human Development: Regional Disparity in Utt...inventionjournals
he objective of the paper is to describe the low status of human development and increasing intrastate
disparity regarding all the development indicators across the districts and regions in the state. The low
income levels keep the expenditure on social sector at a low level which results in low status of human
development. On the other hand, the low status of human development acts as a major economic constraint on
economic development of the state. The state presents a dismal scenario with regard to both economic growth
and human development. It is characterized by low levels of per capita income, high incidence of poverty,
sluggish economic growth, high population pressure along with high rates of population growth, high birth and
fertility rates, widespread illiteracy, high infant mortality and death rates and low life expectancy. Social sector
expenditure in U.P. is lower even as compared to other backward states. This was true for the different
components of social sector as well. These figures are reflective of the low priority to social sector given by the
policy makers in the state and underscore the need of substantial improvement in levels of social sector
expenditure in U.P.
Growth Redistribution and Inequality Effects on Poverty in NigeriaUNDP Policy Centre
Jude Chukwu (Department of Economics, University of Nigeria and Visiting Research Fellow, IPC-IG) introduced his research, presenting its empirical findings during a presentation on the IPC-IG’s Seminar Series. He delved into the patterns of growth and inequality in Nigeria, as well as on the extent of pro-poorness and inclusiveness of growth in the country.
This presentation looks at some key factors related to South Africa's affordable housing market including market demand and affordable, as well as access to and performance of the mortgage sector
Fiscal Decentralization and poverty reduction in Nigeriaafonomics1
The study was aimed at understanding the impart of revenue sharing formula between the federal government and the sub-national government on Poverty reduction in Nigeria. It is meant for government and policy makers to look critically at the reason why fiscal decentralization has a negative relationship with poverty reduction in developing countries unlike the positive imparts it has in some countries such as OECD Countries.
Impact of Low Social Spending on Human Development: Regional Disparity in Utt...inventionjournals
he objective of the paper is to describe the low status of human development and increasing intrastate
disparity regarding all the development indicators across the districts and regions in the state. The low
income levels keep the expenditure on social sector at a low level which results in low status of human
development. On the other hand, the low status of human development acts as a major economic constraint on
economic development of the state. The state presents a dismal scenario with regard to both economic growth
and human development. It is characterized by low levels of per capita income, high incidence of poverty,
sluggish economic growth, high population pressure along with high rates of population growth, high birth and
fertility rates, widespread illiteracy, high infant mortality and death rates and low life expectancy. Social sector
expenditure in U.P. is lower even as compared to other backward states. This was true for the different
components of social sector as well. These figures are reflective of the low priority to social sector given by the
policy makers in the state and underscore the need of substantial improvement in levels of social sector
expenditure in U.P.
Growth Redistribution and Inequality Effects on Poverty in NigeriaUNDP Policy Centre
Jude Chukwu (Department of Economics, University of Nigeria and Visiting Research Fellow, IPC-IG) introduced his research, presenting its empirical findings during a presentation on the IPC-IG’s Seminar Series. He delved into the patterns of growth and inequality in Nigeria, as well as on the extent of pro-poorness and inclusiveness of growth in the country.
This presentation looks at some key factors related to South Africa's affordable housing market including market demand and affordable, as well as access to and performance of the mortgage sector
Fiscal Decentralization and poverty reduction in Nigeriaafonomics1
The study was aimed at understanding the impart of revenue sharing formula between the federal government and the sub-national government on Poverty reduction in Nigeria. It is meant for government and policy makers to look critically at the reason why fiscal decentralization has a negative relationship with poverty reduction in developing countries unlike the positive imparts it has in some countries such as OECD Countries.
Day 3
Ms. R A Jena, Director, Perspective Planning, Planning Commission
A Fragmentary Account of the State and Nature of Poverty in India
S P Mittal, Principal Scientist (Retd), Central Soil and Water Research Institute
Sukhomajri, The Watershed Experience
Field Trip
Madhu Sarin, Environmental activist on forest rights and tribal rights
S P Mittal, Principal Scientist (Retd), Central Soil and Water Research Institute
REALITY CHECK: A Study on Women In LeadershipFOWODE Uganda
In May 2000 FOWODE conducted a study titled: “From Strength to Strength: Uganda Women in Public Office”.
It provided data on the level and trends of Women’s participation in the public sector. It went beyond the numbers and looked at the portfolios women in senior positions held. The findings exposed inequality in public decision making.
This year (2014), 14 down the road, FOWODE has conducted a similar study.
Its premised on the belief that Women's equal participation in decision-making is not only seen as a demand for simple justice or democracy but a necessary condition for women's interests to be taken into account and for sustainable development to be achieved.
Beijing’s Declaration and Platform for Action agenda: Progress in Europe and ...UNDP Eurasia
This March 2014 presentation reviews Beijing’s Declaration and Platform for Action agenda and looks at the progress made in Europe and Central Asia since 1995.
Presentation at the WomenPower Fair organized by the Cyprus Interaction Lab of the Department of Multimedia and Graphic Arts of the Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol CYPRUS
Day 3
Ms. R A Jena, Director, Perspective Planning, Planning Commission
A Fragmentary Account of the State and Nature of Poverty in India
S P Mittal, Principal Scientist (Retd), Central Soil and Water Research Institute
Sukhomajri, The Watershed Experience
Field Trip
Madhu Sarin, Environmental activist on forest rights and tribal rights
S P Mittal, Principal Scientist (Retd), Central Soil and Water Research Institute
REALITY CHECK: A Study on Women In LeadershipFOWODE Uganda
In May 2000 FOWODE conducted a study titled: “From Strength to Strength: Uganda Women in Public Office”.
It provided data on the level and trends of Women’s participation in the public sector. It went beyond the numbers and looked at the portfolios women in senior positions held. The findings exposed inequality in public decision making.
This year (2014), 14 down the road, FOWODE has conducted a similar study.
Its premised on the belief that Women's equal participation in decision-making is not only seen as a demand for simple justice or democracy but a necessary condition for women's interests to be taken into account and for sustainable development to be achieved.
Beijing’s Declaration and Platform for Action agenda: Progress in Europe and ...UNDP Eurasia
This March 2014 presentation reviews Beijing’s Declaration and Platform for Action agenda and looks at the progress made in Europe and Central Asia since 1995.
Presentation at the WomenPower Fair organized by the Cyprus Interaction Lab of the Department of Multimedia and Graphic Arts of the Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol CYPRUS
This presentation was given by Paraguayan Economist Fernando Masi at the Annual meeting of the Kansas Paraguay Partners, at the Dole Institute for Politics (University of Kansas). For more info about KPP please visit our website: http://kansasparaguaypartners.wordpress.com/
Accountability and corruption in public organizationResearchWap
One of the fundamental problems of contemporary Nigeria is corruption. It has thrived; progressed and flourished unabated .Corruption has been institutionalized to the point of accepting it as part of our system. This study examined the incidence of corruption in the Nigerian Public Service with particular focus on Isiala Mbano LGA from 1999 to 2012. Specifically, the study investigated whether motivational incentives provided for civil servants contributes to their greater involvement in corruption in Imo State from 1999 to 2012. The study also examined the impact of weak internal control mechanism on the incidence of looting of state treasury by politicians in Imo State within the same period. We predicated our analysis on The General Systems Theory, adopting David Easton’s Political System theory. As for method of data collection, the study employed qualitative and quantitative method of data collection. As for sources of data, we principally relied on primary and secondary sources. The data so generated were analyzed accordingly using Likert measurement scale. The findings reveal that motivational incentives provided for civil servants contribute to their greater involvement in corruption. Based on the findings also, weak internal control mechanism was identified to have contributed to incidence of looting of state treasury by politicians in Imo State. We therefore recommend adequate motivation of civil servants through improved salary,prompt payment of all their entitlements and good working condition, government should strengthen internal control mechanism to forestall incidence of looting of state treasury which could have been averted. These recommendations if properly implemented would be a panacea for the eradication of
corruption.
Democracy International - Afghanistan Public Opinion Poll December 2013DemocracyInternational
Democracy International's first public opinion poll in Afghanistan is one of three nationwide surveys in advance of presidential and provincial council elections planned for April 2014. These surveys seek to learn about voter preferences on key election issues, voter participation trends, and candidates.
A presentation by the Centrist Democracy Political Institute on the current state of Philippine politics particularly on the political party system, party-list system, and on the negative effects of the proliferating political dynasties.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
1. Fragile States and Development Outcomes
Presentation
Prepared by:
Byungtae Park
Tangyin
Indra Niptama
Syed Hasan Bilal Gilani
Inayat Ullah
Nousahd Khan
2. Quick Facts of Pakistan
Remarks
Population 186mn
Unemployment rate 6.75%
Inflation rate 4.4 %
GDP Growth Rate
4.7%
Labor force 65m
Agriculture(GDP Share) 20.3 %
Industry (GDP Share) 20.9 %
Services (GDP Share) 58.8 %
Pop below poverty line 29.5%
Literacy rate 60%
Dominant religion Islam
• Service sector is
contributing higher
GDP which is 58.8%,
agriculture sector is
contributing 20.3%
share and industrial
sector contributes
20.9%.
450
470
1400
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$)
3. WORLD WIDE GOVERNANCE INDICATORS: THE CASE OF
PAKISTAN
Pakistan is situated in southern part of Asia, in its north lies China the Central
Asian states and the Russian federation, to the west is Afghanistan and Iran
while to the east is India.
One of the diversified countries of the world in terms of its culture, landscape,
and climate.
4. GEO-STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE
The country is located at the crossroads of South Asia, Central Asia,
China and the Middle East and is thus at the fulcrum of a regional
market with a vast population, large and diverse resources, and
untapped potential for trade(World Bank, 2016).
Proximity of great powers(China, Russia)
Gateway to central Asia- oil and energy game.
Significance as a transit economy.
Significance as an important link in the chain of Muslim countries.
Front line role in the war against terrorism.
Only Muslim country having Nuclear capability.
5. VULNERABILITY
The post-independence history of Pakistan has been characterized by
periods of military rule, political instability and conflicts with neighboring
India beside significant natural disasters e.g. Earthquakes, Floods etc.
The country continues to face challenging problems, including:
Terrorism.
Overpopulation .
Corruption.
Illiteracy.
Poverty.
6. VOICE & ACCOUNTABILITY:
Year Score
1996 28.8
2014 27.1
Before the Military Coup in 1999, the country was witnessing a purely
democratic rule where citizens had voice in Making public decision.
However, Political victimization started soon after the Coup which lasted for a
decade during dictatorship (1999 to 2008).
Unfair use of law enforcing agencies against political parties’ workers and
leaders.
Most of the public sector institutions were run by Military Officers.
Accountability of only pro democracy had been started.
There is an upward trend in indicator for Voice & accountability after the
restoration of democracy in 2008.
Year Score
2007 20.2
2014 27.1
7. ABSENCE OF VIOLENCE/TERRORISM:
Year Score
1996 12.5
2014 3.4
Pakistan enjoyed a completely peaceful and stable political environment before 9/11 attacks
in the US, however, US Invasion in Afghanistan against Taliban Regime proved to be a
catalyst in developing an extreme narrative in the region.
The country is still bearing the brunt of that narrative in terms of Human, economic and
social losses.
Infiltration of non-state actors due to 2,250 km border that Pakistan shares with Afghanistan.
Due to Pakistan’s front line role in the War on Terror, most of the terrorist declared war
against Pakistan.
Pakistan suffered huge human and economic damages due to narrative which prevailed in
the Buffer zone along Pak-afghan border.
Year Score
2007 0.07
2014 3.4
10. POLITICAL STABILITY
Year Score
1996 12.5
2014 3.4
Pakistan experienced a democratic period in the 90s however, the Military Coup of 1999
vanished all the political developments.
The elected Prime Minister was arrested followed by political victimization.
Political environment remain unstable during the struggle for democracy restoration.
The dictator tried to influence the judiciary which resulted into a historic movement for the
restoration of Judiciary in 2007.
The dictatorship came to an end in 2008.
The indicator for Voice & accountability remained the same from 2007 to 2013.
First peaceful transfer of power from one elected government to another.
Year Score
2007 0.07
2014 3.4
11. GOVERNMENT EFFECTIVENESS:
Year Score
1996 30.7
2014 22.1
Installation of Dummy(Local and National) Government in 2002 led to
weak implementation of Government Regulations.
Prolonged Split on the distribution of NFC Award among Provinces.
Due to the War on Terror and Conflicts in Baluchistan province, the
government could not show up.
Inefficient Government machinery for Disaster Preparedness and
Management.
Governments of different political parties in difference provinces and a
Federal Government weakened by Dictatorship.
12. REGULATORY SYSTEM
Year Score
1996 30.9
2014 27.9
The country’s crisis-ridden gas and electricity sectors.
Privatization was encouraged during the democratic
governments(Except ZA Bhutto Era).
During the Military rule, Tax regime remained relatively weak.
The 2015/16 budget made several changes to the tax regime.
Corruption itself as an obstacle to effective regulation in the
country.
13. RULE OF LAW:
Year Score
1996 28.7
2014 23.6
Dictatorship from 1999 to 2007.
Disruption of Judiciary two times during Military Dictatorship.
Favoritism & Nepotism.
Violence and terrorism started in Pakistan Massive insurgency in
two provinces which challenged the state legitimacy.
Year Score
2007 21.1
2014 23.6
14. CONTROL OF CORRUPTION:
Year Score
1996 8.8
2014 21.6
Establishment of National Accountability Bureau.
This is the only indicator which has shown increasing trend
from 1996.
Freedom of media which creates awareness in public
against corruption.
Media highlighted the major corruption scandals in the
country.
21. INDIA
GDP Per Capita
GDP Growth % Remarks
Population 1.29Bn
Unemployment rate 4.9%
Inflation rate 3%
Labor force 496million
Agriculture (GDP Share) 17.8%
Industry (GDP Share) 30.1%
Services (GDP Share) 52.1%
Pop below poverty
line
21.9%
Literacy rate 74%
Dominant religion Hinduism
Quick facts
• Service sector is contributing
higher GDP which is 52.1%,
agriculture sector is
contributing 17.1% share. In
2000, the share was 23 %.
Where Industrial share is 31.1%
, In 2000 It was 26%. Which
shows that India is moving agr
to Industrial sector.
• GDP has experienced growth
over the past 3 years but
showing decline in different
years. The highest growth was
in 2006 and 2010 with 9.3%
and 10.3 %.
• GDP Per Capita$ has also
experienced ups and downs
but it is continuously growing
from 2012 to 2014, from 1449$
in 2012 to 1581$ in 2014.
9.3 9.8
3.9
8.5
10.3
6.6
5.1
6.9
7.3
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
816
1050 1022
1124
1387
1471 1449 1455
1581
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
27. QUICK FACTS CHINA
Population 1,364 Billion
Unemployment rate 4.1%
Inflation rate 1,8%
Labor force 806 million
Agriculture (GDP Share) 9.2%
Industry (GDP Share) 42,7%
Services (GDP Share) 48.1%
Pop below poverty line 6.1%
Literacy rate 96.4%
Dominant religion Buddhism
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
China GDP
• Industrial sector in China
contribute 42.7%, the highest
GDP contribution come from
Service sector which is reach
48.1% share while agriculture
contribute 9.2%. In 2000
agriculture share 2.3% while
industrial share was 45,4%.
There is no significant change
in Industry but high change in
agriculture sector
• China GDP growth has reached
the top in 2007 with 14.2% but
continue to drop gradually until
2014 with 7.3%. This condition
affected by financial crisis in
2008.
• China GDP Per Capita shows
the consistency to grow up
from 2006 to 2014, which
started from $2082 in 2006 to
$7590 in 2014. this condition
placed China on upper middle
income country.
Remarks
GDP growth rate %
0
5
10
15
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
32. DETERMINANTS OF A RESILIENT PAKISTAN
Stable Democracy and Freedom of Speech.
Successful campaign against militants has reduced violence
significantly in recent days.
Strong Social fabric and traditions.
Strong Judiciary as a positive prospect.
A brighter outlook for Sino-Pakistani economic ties.
Balancing relationships in the Middle East(on Yamen Issue).
Improved prospects for peace in Afghanistan.
India-Pakistan talks to begin soon.
33. FUTURE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
Pak China Economic Corridor($46 bn).
Pakistan’s increasing working-age population provides the country with
a potential demographic dividend but also with the critical challenge to
provide adequate services and jobs.
Pakistan is a junction of south Asia, west Asia and central Asia; a way
from resource efficient countries to resource deficient countries.
Pakistan has been traditionally ally of emerging economic giant; china.
So in case of any shift in world’s politics, Pakistan’s geo-strategic
significance would further be enhanced.
Saudi-Iran Relations and Pakistan’s role in the wake of Sectarian
Conflicts
(WB, ADB, Moody’s, S&P)
34. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION
Despite many challenges, the country has achieved significant
improvement in terms of economic development and terrorism
specially in conflict areas i.e FATA & Baluchistan.
Terrorism as the root cause of fragility. Therefore, the world should
recognize the role of the country being the front line state in the
WOT and support Pakistan. There should be:
International Agreement against Terrorism
Improvement on Border Control
Comprehensive Plan by Government
Despite their problems, Pakistan is resilient enough to withstand
tremendous shocks.
*****We hope the future is brighter*****