Presented for the Economics Association Seminar (Intracollegiate) held on 28th November 2015 at Jai Hind College, Churchgate.
In Collaboration with: Akshat Upadhyay, Zarna Shah, Keegan Rebello
We won first place!
ABSTRACT
The economy of South Africa is the second-largest in Africa, behind Nigeria. It is ranked as an upper-middle-income economy by the World Bank.
South Africa’s growth experience provides an example of how contrasting growth trends - long-term decline followed by improved growth - pivot around political change, in this case a transition to democracy. In the decade prior to 1994, South Africa experienced the worst period of economic growth since the end of the Second World War, with growth variable and declining. The proximate causes of slowing growth were trade and financial sanctions in opposition to the Apartheid government, political instability and macroeconomic policy decisions that resulted in higher inflation, increased uncertainty and declining investment.
In the post-apartheid period, political and economic leadership have been essential to improving the country’s growth performance, because of the effect on policy formulation, institutional development, regulatory design, and economic vision.
This research project provides some insight into the challenges faced by the South African Economy such as high levels of unemployment, income inequality, growing public debt, political mismanagement, low levels of education, reliable access to amenities, and crime.
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is the southernmost sovereign state in Africa.
It is bounded on the south by 2,798 kilometers of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho.
South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions.
Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution's recognition of 11 official languages, which is among the highest number of any country in the world.
South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income in Africa. However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$1.25 a day.
South African Investment Environment and Business Opportunitiessimguybar
Presentation to the US-South African Women's Business Forum Chicago by Pumla Ncapayi, Department of Trade and Industry Deputy Director General for Trade and Investment October 24, 2011
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is the southernmost sovereign state in Africa.
It is bounded on the south by 2,798 kilometers of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho.
South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions.
Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution's recognition of 11 official languages, which is among the highest number of any country in the world.
South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income in Africa. However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$1.25 a day.
South African Investment Environment and Business Opportunitiessimguybar
Presentation to the US-South African Women's Business Forum Chicago by Pumla Ncapayi, Department of Trade and Industry Deputy Director General for Trade and Investment October 24, 2011
A Fellow-led discussion by Ojooluwa Ibiloye with the Fellows of the McCain Fellowship for Freedom of the International Republican Institute (IRI).
The McCain Fellowship for Freedom (MFF) brings together a cohort of young leaders from around the world to the U.S. for a two week exchange with policy makers, thought leaders, American entrepreneurs, and others to gain insights and build networks necessary to fostering resilient democracies rooted in economic freedom. The MFF encourages peer-to-peer learning, targeted training, and seeks to cultivate a generation of changemakers who are building more inclusive, transparent, and resilient democracies powered by free markets. The Fellowship honors the spirit and legacy of 25-year International Republican Institute Chairman Senator John McCain, a passionate advocate of democracy around the world and former Chairman of the Senate Commerce Committee, who believed that “free markets are not possible without free people.”
This presentative explains the position of Africa in the global economy.
« SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: CURRENT ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT, THE MAJOR DRIVERS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE ROLE GOVERNMENTS ARE PLAYING IN PROMOTING SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ON THE CONTINENT »
Presented by:
H.E. Abdourahmane CISSE,
Minister to the Prime Minister in charge of the Budget
COTE D'IVOIRE
www.hasnainmraza.com
Africa has infinite potential. With numerous resources, an improving business climate and better economic governance, the numbers showing growth have been very positive. This presentation covers topics that speak on Africa's growth and where it can go. Here's a few stats that show how well the continent is doing:
A report from the African development bank said 33% of Africa's countries have GDP growth rates higher than 6%.
The costs of starting a business dropped upwards of 66% over the last 7 years.
The continent's middle class is growing at a very quick rate - approximately 350 million Africans now earn between $2 and $20 a day.
The share of the population living below the poverty line in Africa has dropped from 51% in 2005 to 39% in 2012.
Africa's collective GDP was $1.6 trillion in 2008, which was roughly equal to Brazil and Russia's GDP.
www.hasnainmraza.com
16-18 April 2019. Marrakech, Morocco The Fifth (2019) session of the Africa Regional Forum on Sustainable Development (ARFSD 5).
Presentation by Linus Mofor - Senior Environmental Affairs Officer (Energy, Infrastructure and Climate Change), ECA
Pakistan faces many challenges at the beginning of the second decade of the 21stcentury:
• Decades-long struggle with macroeconomic stabilisation arising from unsustainable fiscal policies
• Pressure of demography
• Legacy of economic distortions
• Battering from external events, including earthquakes, floods and a continuing
longstanding low intensity conflict
• A large and loss-making public sector that impedes market development
• Low and declining productivity
• Heightened expectations of the population for a better life from a democratic
government.
Our growth experience of the last four decades has been volatile annual growth and
declining trend in long run growth patterns. In addition, productivity growth (a
measure of efficiency) has been low in comparison to our comparators. For the last
four years per-capita incomes have not increased in real terms while double-digit
inflation has prevailed.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent an ambitious global plan that aims to eliminate poverty in its multiple forms and dimensions by 2030 by calling for action, all countries, rich and poor, to promote prosperity while protecting the planet. This paper aims at eradicating poverty through unlocking investment opportunies by effective management and development of the abundance of Natural resoucres in South Sudan. The paper targets the Government and Private sector as important agents for a successful and sustainable transition to a middle income country, with reduced Poverty and improved livelihoods.
This Pakistan Studies presentation is created by the students of C@SE Islamabad and it gives an overview of the economic issues of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
The mammoth energy requirements of India coupled with the strong push being provided by the government to renewable sources of energy makes this sector a lucrative business prospect. This presentation details the overview of the renewable energy sector in India as well as Gujarat and highlights the business opportunities available within the sector.
A Fellow-led discussion by Ojooluwa Ibiloye with the Fellows of the McCain Fellowship for Freedom of the International Republican Institute (IRI).
The McCain Fellowship for Freedom (MFF) brings together a cohort of young leaders from around the world to the U.S. for a two week exchange with policy makers, thought leaders, American entrepreneurs, and others to gain insights and build networks necessary to fostering resilient democracies rooted in economic freedom. The MFF encourages peer-to-peer learning, targeted training, and seeks to cultivate a generation of changemakers who are building more inclusive, transparent, and resilient democracies powered by free markets. The Fellowship honors the spirit and legacy of 25-year International Republican Institute Chairman Senator John McCain, a passionate advocate of democracy around the world and former Chairman of the Senate Commerce Committee, who believed that “free markets are not possible without free people.”
This presentative explains the position of Africa in the global economy.
« SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: CURRENT ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT, THE MAJOR DRIVERS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE ROLE GOVERNMENTS ARE PLAYING IN PROMOTING SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ON THE CONTINENT »
Presented by:
H.E. Abdourahmane CISSE,
Minister to the Prime Minister in charge of the Budget
COTE D'IVOIRE
www.hasnainmraza.com
Africa has infinite potential. With numerous resources, an improving business climate and better economic governance, the numbers showing growth have been very positive. This presentation covers topics that speak on Africa's growth and where it can go. Here's a few stats that show how well the continent is doing:
A report from the African development bank said 33% of Africa's countries have GDP growth rates higher than 6%.
The costs of starting a business dropped upwards of 66% over the last 7 years.
The continent's middle class is growing at a very quick rate - approximately 350 million Africans now earn between $2 and $20 a day.
The share of the population living below the poverty line in Africa has dropped from 51% in 2005 to 39% in 2012.
Africa's collective GDP was $1.6 trillion in 2008, which was roughly equal to Brazil and Russia's GDP.
www.hasnainmraza.com
16-18 April 2019. Marrakech, Morocco The Fifth (2019) session of the Africa Regional Forum on Sustainable Development (ARFSD 5).
Presentation by Linus Mofor - Senior Environmental Affairs Officer (Energy, Infrastructure and Climate Change), ECA
Pakistan faces many challenges at the beginning of the second decade of the 21stcentury:
• Decades-long struggle with macroeconomic stabilisation arising from unsustainable fiscal policies
• Pressure of demography
• Legacy of economic distortions
• Battering from external events, including earthquakes, floods and a continuing
longstanding low intensity conflict
• A large and loss-making public sector that impedes market development
• Low and declining productivity
• Heightened expectations of the population for a better life from a democratic
government.
Our growth experience of the last four decades has been volatile annual growth and
declining trend in long run growth patterns. In addition, productivity growth (a
measure of efficiency) has been low in comparison to our comparators. For the last
four years per-capita incomes have not increased in real terms while double-digit
inflation has prevailed.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represent an ambitious global plan that aims to eliminate poverty in its multiple forms and dimensions by 2030 by calling for action, all countries, rich and poor, to promote prosperity while protecting the planet. This paper aims at eradicating poverty through unlocking investment opportunies by effective management and development of the abundance of Natural resoucres in South Sudan. The paper targets the Government and Private sector as important agents for a successful and sustainable transition to a middle income country, with reduced Poverty and improved livelihoods.
This Pakistan Studies presentation is created by the students of C@SE Islamabad and it gives an overview of the economic issues of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan
The mammoth energy requirements of India coupled with the strong push being provided by the government to renewable sources of energy makes this sector a lucrative business prospect. This presentation details the overview of the renewable energy sector in India as well as Gujarat and highlights the business opportunities available within the sector.
Workshop on Instigators and Barriers to Renewable Energy Development and Deployment - 16 November 2015
Mrs. Zohra ETTAIK
Director of renewable energies
Ministry of Energy, Mines, Water and Environment
Context, situation and achievements in Morocco
Moroccan MINISTRY OF ENERGY, MINES, WATER AND ENVIRONMENT: Maroccan energy co...Maghrenov
Morocco imports 95.5% of its energy needs
The energy bill has increased significantly in recent years and reached US dollars 10 billion BUT it start to decrease due to the international oil price.
Africa is home to some of the fast growing countries in the world, a wealth continent full of minerals, abundant human resources and opportunities. At the same time, poverty, underdevelopment, insecurity, infrastructure and talent gaps are high. With 54 independent States and a population of over 1.1 billion inhabitants, Africa economic growth is a paradox story. From the desert in the North through the rich mineral belts of the coastal lines and tourism savannah in Kenya to the dense equatorial forests of Congo basin, Africa’s old dilemma stays the same. The question remains, how can a continent gifted and endowed with the World’s most envied, high in demand and profitable natural resources, abundant and cheap labour market, vast arable land, tourism opportunities and favourable climate said to be the poorest?
Developing the Nigeria Manufacturing sector is a route to opening up a new frontier for the expansion of trade, productivity & competitiveness
• Currently, Industrial capacity is very low with critical industries within the real sector performing below expectations
• The contribution of manufacturing to Nigeria’s GDP is less than 10%
• This is very sad given the fact that retail and wholesale trade are growing at a very fast rate
• And given the fact that Agriculture account for almost 24% of Nigeria’s GDP, there are indications that if a proper framework is put in place, Nigeria’s manufacturing can begin to witness phenomenal growth
• Part of the factors that will help shore up local production and reduce the cost of doing business in Nigeria are:
• The Power Sector reforms - this needs to be fine-tuned
• The strengthening of a policy framework which removes double taxation and encourages investment in the vertical integration of primary sector, Agriculture to secondary sector, production
• Such policies must be backed with the right fiscal policies which give a measure of comfort to infant industry against global competition
Bpifrance Capital Invest 2016 - L'attractivité affirmée de l'Afrique ? - Eme...Bpifrance
Retrouvez la présentation d'Aziz Mebarek (founding Partner, AfrinInvest), lors de l'événement Bpifrance Capital Invest 2016, qui s'est déroulé le 17 novembre 2016 à Paris (Salle Wagram).
Retrouvez l'intégralité de cet événement en vidéo sur :
http://live.bpifrance.fr/Bpifrance-Capital-Invest-2016
Oby Ezekwesili: A Holistic Look At The Nigerian Economy and Its PotentialsFeyi Fawehinmi
Oby Ezekwesili recently gave a speech at The Platform in Abuja. It was quite a good speech and with her permission, I am publishing the accompanying slides to the speech
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
What website can I sell pi coins securely.DOT TECH
Currently there are no website or exchange that allow buying or selling of pi coins..
But you can still easily sell pi coins, by reselling it to exchanges/crypto whales interested in holding thousands of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell to these crypto whales and holders of pi..
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners and pi merchants stands in between the miners and the exchanges.
How can I sell my pi coins?
Selling pi coins is really easy, but first you need to migrate to mainnet wallet before you can do that. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
Tele-gram.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Latino Buying Power - May 2024 Presentation for Latino CaucusDanay Escanaverino
Unlock the potential of Latino Buying Power with this in-depth SlideShare presentation. Explore how the Latino consumer market is transforming the American economy, driven by their significant buying power, entrepreneurial contributions, and growing influence across various sectors.
**Key Sections Covered:**
1. **Economic Impact:** Understand the profound economic impact of Latino consumers on the U.S. economy. Discover how their increasing purchasing power is fueling growth in key industries and contributing to national economic prosperity.
2. **Buying Power:** Dive into detailed analyses of Latino buying power, including its growth trends, key drivers, and projections for the future. Learn how this influential group’s spending habits are shaping market dynamics and creating opportunities for businesses.
3. **Entrepreneurial Contributions:** Explore the entrepreneurial spirit within the Latino community. Examine how Latino-owned businesses are thriving and contributing to job creation, innovation, and economic diversification.
4. **Workforce Statistics:** Gain insights into the role of Latino workers in the American labor market. Review statistics on employment rates, occupational distribution, and the economic contributions of Latino professionals across various industries.
5. **Media Consumption:** Understand the media consumption habits of Latino audiences. Discover their preferences for digital platforms, television, radio, and social media. Learn how these consumption patterns are influencing advertising strategies and media content.
6. **Education:** Examine the educational achievements and challenges within the Latino community. Review statistics on enrollment, graduation rates, and fields of study. Understand the implications of education on economic mobility and workforce readiness.
7. **Home Ownership:** Explore trends in Latino home ownership. Understand the factors driving home buying decisions, the challenges faced by Latino homeowners, and the impact of home ownership on community stability and economic growth.
This SlideShare provides valuable insights for marketers, business owners, policymakers, and anyone interested in the economic influence of the Latino community. By understanding the various facets of Latino buying power, you can effectively engage with this dynamic and growing market segment.
Equip yourself with the knowledge to leverage Latino buying power, tap into their entrepreneurial spirit, and connect with their unique cultural and consumer preferences. Drive your business success by embracing the economic potential of Latino consumers.
**Keywords:** Latino buying power, economic impact, entrepreneurial contributions, workforce statistics, media consumption, education, home ownership, Latino market, Hispanic buying power, Latino purchasing power.
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
US Economic Outlook - Being Decided - M Capital Group August 2021.pdfpchutichetpong
The U.S. economy is continuing its impressive recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic and not slowing down despite re-occurring bumps. The U.S. savings rate reached its highest ever recorded level at 34% in April 2020 and Americans seem ready to spend. The sectors that had been hurt the most by the pandemic specifically reduced consumer spending, like retail, leisure, hospitality, and travel, are now experiencing massive growth in revenue and job openings.
Could this growth lead to a “Roaring Twenties”? As quickly as the U.S. economy contracted, experiencing a 9.1% drop in economic output relative to the business cycle in Q2 2020, the largest in recorded history, it has rebounded beyond expectations. This surprising growth seems to be fueled by the U.S. government’s aggressive fiscal and monetary policies, and an increase in consumer spending as mobility restrictions are lifted. Unemployment rates between June 2020 and June 2021 decreased by 5.2%, while the demand for labor is increasing, coupled with increasing wages to incentivize Americans to rejoin the labor force. Schools and businesses are expected to fully reopen soon. In parallel, vaccination rates across the country and the world continue to rise, with full vaccination rates of 50% and 14.8% respectively.
However, it is not completely smooth sailing from here. According to M Capital Group, the main risks that threaten the continued growth of the U.S. economy are inflation, unsettled trade relations, and another wave of Covid-19 mutations that could shut down the world again. Have we learned from the past year of COVID-19 and adapted our economy accordingly?
“In order for the U.S. economy to continue growing, whether there is another wave or not, the U.S. needs to focus on diversifying supply chains, supporting business investment, and maintaining consumer spending,” says Grace Feeley, a research analyst at M Capital Group.
While the economic indicators are positive, the risks are coming closer to manifesting and threatening such growth. The new variants spreading throughout the world, Delta, Lambda, and Gamma, are vaccine-resistant and muddy the predictions made about the economy and health of the country. These variants bring back the feeling of uncertainty that has wreaked havoc not only on the stock market but the mindset of people around the world. MCG provides unique insight on how to mitigate these risks to possibly ensure a bright economic future.
2. Apartheid
• Several restrictions on non-white inhabitants
• Afrikaner minority rule was maintained
• The state spent ten times more per child on the education
of white children than on black children
• 3.5 million non-white South Africans were removed from
their homes, and forced into segregated neighbourhoods
1948-1994
Apartheid was economically motivated...
A lmost 5 0 years of R ac ial S eg regation
3. As a result of Apartheid...
1984-1994
Worst period of economic growth since WW2
Trade and Financial Sanctions
In opposition of Apartheid Government
Political Instability
Poor Macroeconomic Policies
•Higher Inflation
•Increased Uncertainty
•Declining Investment
Lack of Market Competition
Dominance of key sectors by
public sector corporations
Import Substitution Policies
Limited Opportunities
Racial exclusion
Low skills and education levels
4. The rapid re-establishment of a basic level of political certainty was
followed by confidence-building economic announcements, the
combination of which helped to reverse some of the low consumption
and investment levels.
The downward trend in economic growth rates from the early 1970s
was reversed in 1994.
5. SOUTH AFRICA TODAY..
• South Africa is the SECOND LARGEST ECONOMY IN AFRICA.
• Leading producer of platinum, gold, chromium and iron.
• Government policies BROUGHT DOWN INFLATION, STABILISED PUBLIC
FINANCES, AND ATTRACTED SOME FOREIGN CAPITAL.
• ECONOMIC GROWTH picked up significantly
• EMPLOYMENT AND CAPITAL FORMATION INCREASED
• From 2002 to 2008, South Africa grew at an average of 4.5 percent year-
on-year, its fastest expansion since the establishment of democracy.
6. Successive governments have failed to address the
STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS of the economy.
As a result, South Africa’s growth has been SLUGGISH
and below African average.
ANNUAL GDP GROWTH RATE [2008-15]
10. UNEMPLOYMENT
HIGHER WAGES
negotiated by politically powerful trade unions have suppressed job growth.
HUMAN CAPITAL FLIGHT
South Africa's Bureau of Statistics estimates that between 1-1.6 million people in skilled, professional,
and managerial occupations have emigrated since 1994.
AFFIRMATIVE ACTION POLICY
was identified as another factor influencing the emigration of skilled white South Africans.
Persistent and high rate of unemployment. Currently 25.50%
Black Economic Empowerment
A racially selective programme seeking
to redress the inequalities of Apartheid
by disadvantaged groups of citizens
economic privileges previously not
available to them.
It’s failure is admitted by the party that
introduced it.
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES
12. POVERTY
21.7% of South Africans live in extreme
poverty, not being able to pay for basic
nutritional requirements - about 2,100
kilocalories a day
53.8% of people can afford enough food and non-food items but fall
under the widest definition of poverty in SA, surviving on under
R779 (RS.3,600) per month.
LARGE FAMILY SIZES
FERTILITY RATE:
2.41 births per woman
14. RECOMMENDATIONS
STRONG EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
EFFECTIVE FAMILY PLANNING
BETTER GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY for more efficient implementation
of policies
DIGITAL IDENTIFICATION– Similar to Aadhar, easy to implement with current
technology for BETTER TARGETED SUBSIDIES and FINANCIAL INCLUSION.
15. LOW SKILL LEVELS AND EDUCATION
EDUCATION SPENDING
20% of Budget
6.4% of GDP
High vacancy rates in the presence of large scale unemployment confirm the
existence of SKILLS MISMATCHES
Young Africans are confronted with a university system which has traditionally been
focused ON EDUCATING FOR PUBLIC SECTOR EMPLOYMENT, with little
regard for the needs of the private sector.
Skills mismatches point up a POOR QUALITY OF EDUCATION and the
ABSENCE OF LINKAGES between education systems and employers as
underlying problems.
16. RECOMMENDATIONS
Form a committee to identify INDUSTRY-EDUCATION GAPS
RESTRUCTURE education system to reduce industry-
education gap
Conduct CAREER COUNSELLING at an early age.
Establish VOCATIONAL TRAINING CENTRES
17. MINING SECTOR
Mining in South Africa has been the main driving force behind economical development
MINING ACCOUNTS FOR
6%of GDP
60% of exports
The South Africa miners strike was a one-day strike over
working conditions and safety in the country's mining industry.
On 4 December 2007, the strike affected over 2,40,000 workers
in 60 of the nation's mines.
On 23 January 2014, almost 70,000 platinum mine workers
went on strike.
The workers, demanded a salary increase from R5,000 to
R12,000 per month from their employers.
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reduction of 1.3% was
attributed to this strike.
STRIKES have been creating challenges for the mining sector
18. RECOMMENDATIONS
Make them STAKEHOLDERS - profit sharing
ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY and MANAGING COST
PRESSURES to improve efficiency.
REGULAR COMMUNICATION between owners and
trade unions.
19. CORRUPTION
THE TRAVELGATE SCANDAL
40 MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT were found to have illegally used parliamentary travel
vouchers worth R18 million (₹ 8.5CR ) for personal use.
THE AFROBAROMETER REPORT
South Africa is one of the countries where there is a notable increase in public
perceptions that corruption is getting worse, particularly since 2008.
20. SCHABIR SHAIK TRIAL
Schabir Shaik was pronounced guilty of CORRUPTION for paying Jacob Zuma
• 1.2 Million Rand (₹56.5Lakh) to further their relationship and for soliciting a
bribe from the French arms company ThomsonCSF,
• He also wrote off Zuma's unpaid debts of more than 1 million Rand (₹ 47Lakh)
CORRUPTION
SCHABIR SHAIK JACOB ZUMA
21. CRIME
The incidence of rape has led to the
country being referred to as the
"RAPE CAPITAL OF THE WORLD”
Around 49 people are
murdered each day*
ONE EVERY 30 MINUTES
HIGH RECORD OF CAR HIJACKINGS
Insurance companies have refused
to insure cars
Kidnapping is Common
A child goes missing
EVERY FIVE HOURS
THE GOVERNMENT HAS BEEN CRITICISED FOR DOING
TOO LITTLE TO STOP CRIME
*Source: TheGuardian http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/29/south-africa-a-country-at-war-as-rate-soars-to-nearly-49-a-day
23. POOR INFRASTRUCTURE
Energy demands are rising faster than the ability to meet them as a result energy
tariffs have gone up by an average of 25% PER YEAR, cutting into people’s spending
power and profit margins
77% OF ITS ENERGY THROUGH COAL
South Africa is the 14th highest emitter of greenhouse gases
Africa’s water resources are abundant, but owing to an ABSENCE OF WATER
STORAGE AND IRRIGATION INFRASTRUCTURE, they are GROSSLY
UNDERUTILIZED.
24. RECOMMENDATIONS
JOINT ACTION by the public and private sectors is
needed, in the form of PPPs
Clear IMPLEMENTATION TIMELINES must be set
and adhered to.
Projects must be PRIORITISED by the government
– this will also help create INVESTOR CONFIDENCE in
those projects.
25. CONCLUSION
South Africa’s growth experience provides an
example of how CONTRASTING GROWTH
TRENDS in an economy- long-term decline
followed by improved growth - pivot around
political change, in this case a TRANSITION
TO DEMOCRACY.
27. RESOURCES
Apartheid Explained
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7yvnUz2PLE
South Africa's energy supply
http://www.southafrica.info/business/economy/infrastructure/
energy.htm#.Vlh8478ru01
The South African Economy
http://www.slideshare.net/Finance27SouthAfrica/the-south-
african-economy
9 major problems facing South Africa
http://www.leader.co.za/article.aspx?s=1&f=1&a=2893
The South African Workforce
http://www.statssa.gov.za/?p=3217
40 accused in South African MPs' fraud
case
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/jan/24/southafrica.
andrewmeldrum
Poverty headcount ratio
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.2DAY
"Labour force survey“
http://www.statssa.gov.za/Publications/P0210/P0210Septemb
er2005.pdf
Afrobarometer Report
http://www.afrobarometer.org/
Editor's Notes
United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 1761, condemning South African apartheid policies. On 7 August 1963 the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 181 calling for a voluntary arms embargo against South Africa, and that very year, a Special Committee Against Apartheid was established to encourage and oversee plans of action against the regime.
UN affiliates broke fiscal and trading links with the country, it would make it all the trickier for the apartheid government to uphold itself and its policies.
In the decade prior to 1994, South Africa experienced the worst period of economic growth since the end of the Second World War, with growth variable and declining. The proximate causes of slowing growth were
trade and financial sanctions in opposition to the Apartheid government, political instability
macroeconomic policy decisions that attempted to revive the economy but resulted in higher inflation, increased uncertainty and declining investment.
Protected by import substitution policies, structural constraints such as high market concentration and the dominance of key sectors by bloated and insufficient public sector corporations impeded the productivity- and growth-enhancing effects of competition.
Economic opportunities for most South Africans were extremely limited, due to racial exclusion, low skills and education levels, and barriers to entry into markets created by legal restrictions and high levels of concentration. These same factors also contributed to low rates of economic growth, generating a vicious cycle whereby new opportunities were simply not created
South Africa has an extreme and persistent high unemployment rate of over 25%
other economic and social problems such as inadequate education, poor health outcomes and crime
For instance, governments finance and provide primary education so that poor children can have access to learning. But if teachers are paid regardless of whether they show up for work, and politicians rely on teachers to run their political campaigns, the result is absentee teachers and poor children who don’t know how to read or write—precisely the opposite of what was intended.
Performance levels are lower than in many other countries in the region. This is can be attributed directly to quality of teaching in the country. Due to South Africa not having a strong education system in earlier times too , the teaching staff across certain regions of the country remain under qualified in comparison to many developed nations . Other such factors that affect performance levels are believed to be the dispersion of the population. The highly dispersed population makes it difficult for children to attend schools on a regular basis.
In February 2007, the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation was contracted by the South African government to carry out a study on the nature of crime in South Africa. The study concluded that the country is exposed to high levels of violence as a result of different factors, including Why South Africa is so violent and what we should be doing about it – Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation
The normalisation of violence. Violence comes to be seen as a necessary and justified means of resolving conflict, and males believe that coercive sexual behaviour against women is legitimate.
The reliance on a criminal justice system that is mired in many issues, including inefficiency and corruption.
A subculture of violence and criminality, ranging from individual criminals who rape or rob to informal groups or more formalised gangs. Those involved in the subculture are engaged in criminal careers and commonly use firearms, with the exception of Cape Town where knife violence is more prevalent. Credibility within this subculture is related to the readiness to resort to extreme violence.
The vulnerability of young people linked to inadequate child rearing and poor youth socialisation. As a result of poverty, unstable living arrangements and being brought up with inconsistent and uncaring parenting, some South African children are exposed to risk factors which enhance the chances that they will become involved in criminality and violence.
The high levels of inequality, poverty, unemployment, social exclusion and marginalisation.
Recently,[when?] the government has employed a widely publicised gun amnesty programme to reduce the number of weapons in circulation. In 1996 or 1997, the government has tried and failed to adopt the National Crime Prevention Strategy, which aimed to prevent crime through reinforcing community structures and assisting individuals to get back into work.
Corruption in South Africa has been a long term problem.
that corruption is getting worse, particularly since 2008.
An African-led series of national public attitude surveys on democracy and governance in Africa
Shaik started to serve his sentence of 15 years on 9 November 2006
The government has tried and failed to adopt the National Crime Prevention Strategy, which aimed to prevent crime through reinforcing community structures and assisting individuals to get back into work.