International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Broadband Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna With U Shaped Slot For Wima...IJERA Editor
The aim of this paper is to enhance the bandwidth of Rhombus ShapedMicrostrip Patch Antenna.For this purpose, we cut „U‟ shaped slot in the proposed antenna geometry. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass epoxy FR4 having εr=4.4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared with that of a conventional Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna and conventional Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies 5.20 GHz and 5.58 GHz. So this antenna is best suitable for the WiMax applications. The designed antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 22.32%. This is approximately six times higher than that in a conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 3.6%) having the same dimensions.
Bandwidth Enhancement of Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna with parallel r...IJERA Editor
Many applications require very broadband antenna, but the narrow bandwidth of a microstrip antenna restricts its wide usage. The aim of this paper is to enhance the bandwidth of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. For this purpose, we cut three rectangular parallel slots in the proposed antenna. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass epoxy FR4 having εr=4. 4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared with that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies 4.49 GHz and 4.90 GHz. So this antenna is best suitable for the WLAN applications and IMT-band frequency operations. The designed antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 19.7%. This is approximately six times higher than that in a conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 3%) having the same dimensions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Broadband Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna With U Shaped Slot For Wima...IJERA Editor
The aim of this paper is to enhance the bandwidth of Rhombus ShapedMicrostrip Patch Antenna.For this purpose, we cut „U‟ shaped slot in the proposed antenna geometry. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass epoxy FR4 having εr=4.4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared with that of a conventional Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna and conventional Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies 5.20 GHz and 5.58 GHz. So this antenna is best suitable for the WiMax applications. The designed antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 22.32%. This is approximately six times higher than that in a conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 3.6%) having the same dimensions.
Bandwidth Enhancement of Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna with parallel r...IJERA Editor
Many applications require very broadband antenna, but the narrow bandwidth of a microstrip antenna restricts its wide usage. The aim of this paper is to enhance the bandwidth of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. For this purpose, we cut three rectangular parallel slots in the proposed antenna. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass epoxy FR4 having εr=4. 4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared with that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies 4.49 GHz and 4.90 GHz. So this antenna is best suitable for the WLAN applications and IMT-band frequency operations. The designed antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 19.7%. This is approximately six times higher than that in a conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 3%) having the same dimensions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Compact Dual Band Elliptical Microstrip Antenna for Ku/K Band Satellite App...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an original elliptical microstrip patch antenna is proposed for Ku/K band satellite applications. The proposed antenna has a simple structure, small size with dimensions of about 10×12×1.58 mm³. The antenna has been designed and simulated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness of 1.58 mm. The design is simulated by two different electromagnetic solvers. The results from the measured data show that the antenna has two resonant frequencies that define 2 bandwidths, defined by a return loss of less than -10 dB, and are: (14.44 GHz, 829 MHz) and (21.05 GHz, 5126 MHz),with the gain 5.59 dB and 5.048 dB respectively. The proposed antenna can be used in many applications such as in satellite, and wireless communications.
An Improved Bandwidth for Electromagnetic Gap Coupled Rhombus Shaped Microstr...IJERA Editor
This paper presents simulation and analysis of a Stacked Electromagnetic Gap Coupled Rhombus Shaped
Microstrip Patch Antenna (SEGCRSMPA) to increase the bandwidth. The aim of this paper is to improve the
bandwidth of Electromagnetic Gap Coupled Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna (EGCRSMPA). To
improve the bandwidth, stacking principle has been used. In this paper an assembly of one central rectangular
patch with four triangular patches forming rhombus shaped microstrip patch antenna is discussed. IE3D
simulation software is used for simulation. The performance of the proposed microstrip patch antenna is
compared with that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna and EGCRSMPA having same dimensions.
The proposed designed microstrip patch antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 47.62%.
SINGLE LAYER MONOPOLE HEXAGONAL MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR SATELLITE TELEVI...cscpconf
A single layer monopole hexagonal patch antenna is thoroughly simulated in this paper.Resonant frequency has been reduced drastically by cutting three unequal slots which are the
combinations of one circle and two irregular rectangular slots from the conventional microstrip patch antenna. It is shown that the simulated results are in acceptable agreement. More
importantly, it is also shown that the differentially-driven microstrip antenna has higher gain of simulated 3.36 dBi at 9.61GHz and -0.43 dBi at 13.57GHz and beam width of simulated 162.080 at 9.61GHz and 53.450 at 13.57GHz of the single-ended microstrip antenna. Compared to a conventional microstrip patch antenna, simulated antenna size has been reduced by 50.80% with an increased frequency ratio
Design of Dual Frequency Antenna For Global Positioning systemijsrd.com
In recent years low profile, light weight antennas are preferred for the applications which need mobility. In this research the polygonal-shape Microstrip Single Patch Antenna has been designed for GPS dual resonant frequencies (GPS L1 1.575 GHz & L5 1.176 GHz band). Simulated results for main parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, radiation patterns and gains are also discussed herein. The Designing, Simulation & Optimization of this antenna is done in ADS Software. Result of the simulation shows at 1.575 GHz and 1.176 GHz, the antenna has return loss at -20.862 dB and -14.162 dB respectively. .
Bandwidth enhancement of rectangular microstrip patch antenna using slotsIOSR Journals
In this paper, a new design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) without slot, with slots
and array is proposed and analyzed. The designed antenna has been simulated using HFSS software. The
simulated results for return loss, radiation pattern and gain are presented and discussed. The bandwidth of
proposed antenna is 2.4GHz-5.9GHz for VSWR(voltage standing wave ratio)<2><-
10dB return loss as an acceptable reference in wireless applications which cover worldwide interoperability for
microwave access (WiMAX) and wireless local area network (WLAN) and other applications. Gain of 10dB is
achieved for antenna array.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Flexible dual band dipole antenna incorporates with Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) to improve the well-known low profile characteristics of dipole antenna. The antenna operates at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz which is printed on Fast film with 0.13 mm thickness. While the EBG is designed at 5.8 GHz by using Arlon AD350 with 1.016 mm thickness. EBG works as a ground plane for the antenna and helps by improving the realized gainandradiation pattern. Besides, EBG also act as a filter as the resonant frequency of the antenna is close to the EBG band gap. The 2.45 GHz of is eliminated while the performances of antenna at 5.8 GHz is improved. Thus the realized gain is increased up to 6.86 dB and the back lobes are clearly reduced. The designs of dipole antenna with EBG application such as Wifi and others on-body communication devices.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
A Compact Dual Band Elliptical Microstrip Antenna for Ku/K Band Satellite App...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an original elliptical microstrip patch antenna is proposed for Ku/K band satellite applications. The proposed antenna has a simple structure, small size with dimensions of about 10×12×1.58 mm³. The antenna has been designed and simulated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness of 1.58 mm. The design is simulated by two different electromagnetic solvers. The results from the measured data show that the antenna has two resonant frequencies that define 2 bandwidths, defined by a return loss of less than -10 dB, and are: (14.44 GHz, 829 MHz) and (21.05 GHz, 5126 MHz),with the gain 5.59 dB and 5.048 dB respectively. The proposed antenna can be used in many applications such as in satellite, and wireless communications.
An Improved Bandwidth for Electromagnetic Gap Coupled Rhombus Shaped Microstr...IJERA Editor
This paper presents simulation and analysis of a Stacked Electromagnetic Gap Coupled Rhombus Shaped
Microstrip Patch Antenna (SEGCRSMPA) to increase the bandwidth. The aim of this paper is to improve the
bandwidth of Electromagnetic Gap Coupled Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna (EGCRSMPA). To
improve the bandwidth, stacking principle has been used. In this paper an assembly of one central rectangular
patch with four triangular patches forming rhombus shaped microstrip patch antenna is discussed. IE3D
simulation software is used for simulation. The performance of the proposed microstrip patch antenna is
compared with that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna and EGCRSMPA having same dimensions.
The proposed designed microstrip patch antenna offers much improved impedance bandwidth 47.62%.
SINGLE LAYER MONOPOLE HEXAGONAL MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR SATELLITE TELEVI...cscpconf
A single layer monopole hexagonal patch antenna is thoroughly simulated in this paper.Resonant frequency has been reduced drastically by cutting three unequal slots which are the
combinations of one circle and two irregular rectangular slots from the conventional microstrip patch antenna. It is shown that the simulated results are in acceptable agreement. More
importantly, it is also shown that the differentially-driven microstrip antenna has higher gain of simulated 3.36 dBi at 9.61GHz and -0.43 dBi at 13.57GHz and beam width of simulated 162.080 at 9.61GHz and 53.450 at 13.57GHz of the single-ended microstrip antenna. Compared to a conventional microstrip patch antenna, simulated antenna size has been reduced by 50.80% with an increased frequency ratio
Design of Dual Frequency Antenna For Global Positioning systemijsrd.com
In recent years low profile, light weight antennas are preferred for the applications which need mobility. In this research the polygonal-shape Microstrip Single Patch Antenna has been designed for GPS dual resonant frequencies (GPS L1 1.575 GHz & L5 1.176 GHz band). Simulated results for main parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, radiation patterns and gains are also discussed herein. The Designing, Simulation & Optimization of this antenna is done in ADS Software. Result of the simulation shows at 1.575 GHz and 1.176 GHz, the antenna has return loss at -20.862 dB and -14.162 dB respectively. .
Bandwidth enhancement of rectangular microstrip patch antenna using slotsIOSR Journals
In this paper, a new design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) without slot, with slots
and array is proposed and analyzed. The designed antenna has been simulated using HFSS software. The
simulated results for return loss, radiation pattern and gain are presented and discussed. The bandwidth of
proposed antenna is 2.4GHz-5.9GHz for VSWR(voltage standing wave ratio)<2><-
10dB return loss as an acceptable reference in wireless applications which cover worldwide interoperability for
microwave access (WiMAX) and wireless local area network (WLAN) and other applications. Gain of 10dB is
achieved for antenna array.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Flexible dual band dipole antenna incorporates with Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) to improve the well-known low profile characteristics of dipole antenna. The antenna operates at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz which is printed on Fast film with 0.13 mm thickness. While the EBG is designed at 5.8 GHz by using Arlon AD350 with 1.016 mm thickness. EBG works as a ground plane for the antenna and helps by improving the realized gainandradiation pattern. Besides, EBG also act as a filter as the resonant frequency of the antenna is close to the EBG band gap. The 2.45 GHz of is eliminated while the performances of antenna at 5.8 GHz is improved. Thus the realized gain is increased up to 6.86 dB and the back lobes are clearly reduced. The designs of dipole antenna with EBG application such as Wifi and others on-body communication devices.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Broadband Slotted Rectangular Shaped Microstrip Antenna For WI-Max ApplicationsIJERA Editor
Many applications require very broadband antenna, but the narrow bandwidth of a microstrip antenna restricts
its wide usage. The aim of this paper is to enhance the bandwidth of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. For
this purpose, we cut four slots in the proposed antenna. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass
epoxy FR4 having εr=4. 4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared
with that of a conventional rectangular microstrip antenna. The designed antenna has two resonant frequencies
5.42 GHz and 5.70 GHz. So this antenna is best suitable for the Wi-Max applications. The designed antenna
offers much improved impedance bandwidth 10.45 %. This is approximately two times higher than that in a
conventional rectangular patch antenna (Bandwidth= 5.34%) having the same dimensions.
Bandwidth enhancement of rectangular microstrip patch antenna using slotsIOSR Journals
Abstract : In this paper, a new design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) without slot, with slots and array is proposed and analyzed. The designed antenna has been simulated using HFSS software. The simulated results for return loss, radiation pattern and gain are presented and discussed. The bandwidth of proposed antenna is 2.4GHz-5.9GHz for VSWR(voltage standing wave ratio)<2><-10dB return loss as an acceptable reference in wireless applications which cover worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) and wireless local area network (WLAN) and other applications. Gain of 10dB is achieved for antenna array. Keywords- Array, Microstrip antenna, WLAN, WiMAX
Designing of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for C-Band ApplicationIJMER
Microstrip patch antenna becoming very popular day by day because of its ease of analysis, fabrication, low cast, light weight easy to feed and their attractive radiation characteristics. In this paper we proposed the designed of rectangular microstrip patch antenna to operate at frequency range 5-6 GHz. The simulation is carried out using high frequency simulation structure (HFSS) program.
The antenna is based on the modified epoxy substrate with dielectric constant of approximate 4.4. After simulation rectangular microstrip antenna performs characteristics such as VSWR & return loss smith chart
Study On The Improvement Of Bandwidth Of A Rectangular Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile,
low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found
favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated
circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the
antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a
narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an
insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which
forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch.
The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch
antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter
wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide
variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good
approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch.
However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation
efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area
as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the
different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used .
Study On The Improvement Of Bandwidth Of A Rectangular Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
Abstract : Microstrip antennas or patch antennas are popular for their attractive features such as low profile, low weight, low cost, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices. Micro strip antennas have been found favorable because they are inexpensive to manufacture and compatible with monolithic microwave integrated circuit designs (MMIC). They are usually employed at UHF and higher frequencies because the size of the antenna is directly tied to the wavelength at the resonance frequency. A Microstrip or patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane. The most commonly employed microstrip antenna is a rectangular patch. The major disadvantages of Microstrip antennas are lower gain and very narrow bandwidth. Microstrip patch antennas have some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6%) of the central frequency. Millimeter wave technology being an emerging area is still much undeveloped. As micro strip antennas have found wide variety of application areas, a number of techniques are evolved to improve its limited bandwidth. A good approach to improve the bandwidth is increasing the thickness of substrate supporting the micro strip patch. However problems exist on the ability to effectively feed the patch on a thick substrate and the radiation efficiency can degrade with increasing substrate thickness. A substantial research needs to be done in this area as its applications are numerous. The radiation patterns and S11 performance are used for the analysis of the different configurations. In the present endeavor a rectangular patch antenna is designed on thick substrate and simulated using MATLAB software and configuration on different dielectric susbstrates was used . Keywords - bandwidth, dielectric constant, Microstrip antennas, substrate thickness
DESIGN OF A MINIATURE RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA FOR KU BAND APPLICATIONSijasa
A significant portion of communication devices employs microstrip antennas because of their compact size,
low profile, and ability to conform to both planar and non-planar surfaces. To achieve this, we present a
miniature inset-fed rectangular patch antenna using partial ground plane for Ku band applications. The
proposed antenna design used an operating frequency of 15.5 GHz, a FR4 substrate with a dielectric
constant of 4.3, and a thickness of 1.4 mm. It is fed by a 50 Ω inset feedline. Computer simulation
technology (CST) software is used to design, simulate, and analyze. The simulation yields the antenna
performance parameters, including return loss (S11), bandwidth, VSWR, gain, directivity, and radiation
efficiency. The simulation findings revealed that the proposed antenna resonated at 15.5 GHz, with a
return loss of -22.312 dB, a bandwidth of 2.73 GHz (2730 MHz), VSWR of 1.17, a gain of 3.843 dBi, a
directivity of 5.926 dBi, and an antenna efficiency of -2.083 dB (61.901%).
Gain Enhancement of Series Feed Square Patch Microstrip Antenna Array for S b...ijsrd.com
Gain is the ability of an antenna to concentrate the radiated power in a desired direction. Only small gain can be achieved by single antenna that is why, antenna arrays are required to improve the gain by using different feed networks. This paper describes the design and performance of a series feed antenna array. The operating frequency of 2.4GHz is used. The aim of this paper is to improve the gain of a series feed antenna array. Line feed is used for designing single antenna, 2x1 & 4x1 microstrip antenna array. These series feed microstrip antenna arrays are useful for both S and C band. The proposed antenna is simulated by IE3D version 9.0 Zealand simulation software based on method of moments.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This paper presents the Microstrip patch antenna for WLAN applications with planar geometry and it consists of a defected ground (DGS), a feed, a substrate, and a patch. The design with DGS has been analyzed taking different dimensions of H Slot and achieve optimized dimensions with the help of CST, Microwave Studio commercial software for WLAN band at 5.20 GHz frequency with corresponding bandwidth of 310 MHz to optimize antenna’s properties. Results show that the final designed antenna has favorable characteristics at this frequency.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
DESIGN & PARAMETRIC STUDY OF RECTANGULAR SLOT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR UW...IJEEE
A Microstrip fed antenna which consists of a
rectangular patch with rectangular shaped slot incorporated
into patch is presented for ultra wide band application with
enhanced bandwidth. The proposed antenna achieves an
impedance bandwidth of 8.9GHz (2.3-11.2GHz) with
VSWR< 2 for over the entire bandwidth.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Conical Shaped Monopole Antenna for Multiband Wireless Applicationsiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
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UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4
J045065561
1. Dheeraj Bhardwaj et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.55-61
www.ijera.com 55 | P a g e
Gain and Bandwidth Enhancement of Electromagnetic Gap-
Coupled Assembly of Various Patches Forming Rhombus
Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna for C-Band Applications
D. Bhardwaj1
, O. P. Sharma2
, C. K. Dubey3
, B.V. Singh4
, and K. Sharma5
1
(Department of Applied Physics, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jaipur Campus, India)
2
(Department of Electronics and Communication, Poornima College of Engineering, Jaipur, India)
3,4
(M. Tech., IV Semester, Department of Electronics and Comm., Poornima College of Eng., Jaipur, India)
5
(Department of Physics, Swami Keshvanand Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India)
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research work is to enhance the gain and bandwidth of rhombus shaped microstrip patch
antenna. For this purpose, we used electromagnetic gap-coupled technique. We design an assembly of one
central rectangular patch with four triangular patches forming rhombus shaped microstrip patch antenna. We
used IE3D simulation software for this work. The dielectric substrate material of the antenna is glass epoxy FR4
having εr=4. 4 and loss tangent 0.025. The performance of the final modified antenna is compared with that of a
conventional rectangular microstrip antenna and a conventional rhombus shaped microstrip antenna. The
designed antenna has two resonant frequencies 5.80 GHz and 6.29 GHz. So this antenna is applicable for the C
band communication system. This electromagnetic gap-coupled antenna offers much improved impedance
bandwidth 25.71%. This is approximately four times higher than that in a conventional rectangular patch
antenna (Bandwidth= 6.70%) having the same dimensions.
Keywords – Broadband, Electromagnetic Gap coupled technique, FR4 substrate, Gain, Resonant frequency
I. INTRODUCTION
The microstrip patch antenna has found
extensive applications in wireless communication
systems owing to their advantages such as low
profile, conformability, low fabrication cost and ease
of integration with feed network. Microstrip patch
antennas come with a drawback of narrow
bandwidth, but wireless communication applications
require broad bandwidth and relatively high gain [1-
2]. The serious problem with patch antenna is their
narrow bandwidth due to surface wave losses and
large size of the patch. As a result, various techniques
to enhance the bandwidth are proposed [3].
Microstrip antennas are very popular nowadays due
to their unbeaten advantage and qualities. The shape
of antenna varies according to their use, the work is
continuously getting occurred to achieve faithful
factors, by small size antenna for broadband
communication [4]. Several techniques have been
used to enhance the bandwidth by interpolating
surface modification in patch configuration [5].
To increase the gain and bandwidth of the
proposed microstrip patch antenna it is divided into
five triangular patches and one centralized
rectangular patch. Now the modified antenna is
radiated by electromagnetic gap coupling technique.
A comparative analysis is also made by varying the
gap between each divided patch and observing its
effect on antenna performance.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN
We considered a single layer conventional
microstrip patch antenna. Dimension for this
conventional patch were taken as Length L=40mm
and Width W= 64mm. FR4 substrate is used to
design this conventional patch by us. The dielectric
constant of FR4 is 4.4, loss tangent is 0.025 and The
thickness of FR4 substrate is 1.6mm. The coaxial
probe feed technique was used to excite the patch.
Design and simulation process were carried out using
IE3D simulation software 2007 version 12.30.
The geometry of the conventional
rectangular microstrip patch antenna is depicted in
figure 1.
Figure 1: Geometry of Conventional Rectangular
Patch Microstrip Antenna
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Dheeraj Bhardwaj et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.55-61
www.ijera.com 56 | P a g e
Figure 2: Structure of Conventional Rectangular
Patch Microstrip Antenna
III. RESULTS
The conventional rectangular patch antenna
is simulated first using IE3D software. This
simulated reflection coefficient curve shows that the
our conventional rectangular patch antenna is
resonating at frequency 3.79 GHz as shown in figure
3. The value of impedance bandwidth of
conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna is
6.70%. The simulated input impedance of the
antenna at resonance frequency 3.79 GHz is (48.16 - j
3.98) ohm which is close to 50 ohm impedance.
Since the rectangular patch antenna has low
bandwidth, so to improve the performance of this
antenna further modifications are required.
Figure 3: Variation of Reflection Coefficient v/s
Resonant Frequencies
Figure 4: Structure of Rhombus Shaped Microstrip
Patch Antenna (RSMPA)
So we designed the rhombus shaped antenna
by cutting four triangles from the corner sides. The
structure of Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch
Antenna (RSMPA) is shown in figure 4. The figure 5
shows the variation of reflection coefficient with
frequency. It shows that the modified antenna is
resonating at 4.098 GHz frequency. After
modification of rectangular patch we get the value of
impedance bandwidth of RSMPA is 9.5%.
The simulated result shows that the input
impedance at resonant frequency 4.098 GHz is
(49.80-j2.4) ohm which is very close to 50ohm.
Figure 5: Variation of Reflection Coefficient v/s
Resonance Frequency of RSMPA.
The gain of the RSMPA is 0.08 dBi, which
is very low and needed to be improved. Still, we
have not received a precise bandwidth. In our next
step of designing process, we modified our RSMPA
to get wider bandwidth and higher gain. We named
this modified patch electromagnetic gap-coupled
Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch Antenna having a
3. Dheeraj Bhardwaj et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.55-61
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central square patch (EGCRSMPACSP) with gap
coupling 0.8mm. We divided the single patch into
five patches (Assembly of one center square and four
triangular) as shown in figure 5. The gap between
each patch is 0.8mm.
Figure 6: Structure of EGCRSMPACSP with gap
coupling 0.8mm
The figure 6 shows the variation of
reflection coefficient with resonant frequencies. It
shows that the after second modification the antenna
is resonating at three resonant frequencies 5.40 GHz,
5.90 GHz and 6.20 GHz. In this case we achieved the
bandwidth of 5.37% at 5.400 GHz and the bandwidth
of 10.26%, corresponding to the central frequency
6.05 GHz.
Figure 7: Variation of Reflection Coefficient v/s
Resonance Frequencies of EGCRSMPACSP
The simulated gain at three resonant
frequencies 5.40GHz, 5.90GHz and 6.20 GHz are
1.28 dBi, 1.15 dBi and 1.56 dBi respectively. The
smith chart for this antenna is shown in the figure 8.
At the resonant frequencies 5.400GHz, 5.902 GHz
and 6.201 GHz the measured input impedances are
(48.55-j1.30) ohm, (48.28+j1.97) ohm and (50.53-
j1.89) ohm.
Figure 8: Smith chart of EGCRSMPACSP with gap
coupling 0.8mm
After introducing the electromagnetic gap
coupling we achieved a comparative higher gain and
bandwidth than RSMPA but still enhancement of
bandwidth is not satisfactory. To accomplish our
object we did some more modification in the
previous geometry. Now we have chosen
electromagnetic gap-coupled Rhombus Shaped
Microstrip Patch Antenna having a central
rectangular patch (EGCRSMPACRP) with 0.2mm
gap coupling. The geometry of the modified RSMPA
antenna is depicted in figure 9.
Figure 9: Structure of EGCRSMPACRP with 0.2mm
gap coupling
In this modified RSMPA we firstly kept the
gap of 0.2mm between each patch. The figure 10
shows the variation of reflection coefficient with
frequency. It shows that the modified antenna is
resonating at resonant frequency 5.20GHz. At this
resonant frequency input impedance is (48.55+j6.32)
ohm which is shown in figure 11.
4. Dheeraj Bhardwaj et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.55-61
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Figure 10: Variation of Reflection Coefficient v/s
Resonance Frequency of EGCRSMPACRP with
0.2mm gap coupling.
Figure 11: Smith chart of EGCRSMPACRP with 0.2
mm gap coupling.
The performance of this antenna is found
better than the previous one as the bandwidth at the
resonant frequency 5.205 GHz is 11.58% and the
gain is 2.02 dBi. Now for the sake better
performance further modification in the patch is
required. So we increase the gap between each
divided patch of 0.4mm, 0.6mm and 0.8mm with the
difference of 0.2mm. After analyzing results of each
geometries we get optimized results for gain and
bandwidth at 0.8mm gap coupling.The structure of
electromagnetic gap-coupled Rhombus Shaped
Microstrip Patch Antenna having a central
rectangular patch (EGCRSMPACRP) with 0.8mm
gap coupling is shown in figure 12.
Figure 12: Structure of EGCRSMPACRP with
0.8mm gap coupling.
The reflection coefficient curve with respect
to resonance frequencies is shown in figure 13.
Figure 13: Variation of Reflection Coefficient v/s
Resonant Frequency of EGCRSMPACRP with
0.8mm gap coupling
It is clear from the curve that this antenna
mainly resonates at frequencies 5.80GHz and
6.29GHz. The smith chart of the antenna is depicted
in figure 14. We can see from the figure that the
impedances are (49.14-j1.38) ohm and (50.98-j5.32)
ohm at two resonant frequencies 5.80GHz and
6.29GHz respectively.
5. Dheeraj Bhardwaj et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.55-61
www.ijera.com 59 | P a g e
Figure 14: Smith chart of EGCRSMPACRP with
0.8mm gap coupling
The gain curve for this modified RSMPA
antenna is shown in figure 15. The simulated gain at
frequencies 5.80 GHz and 6.29 GHz are 4.45 dBi and
2.35 dBi respectively. So finally we got broadband
antenna with good gain.
Figure 15: Variation of gain v/s resonance
frequencies
The curve between directivity and resonant
frequencies is shown in fig. 15. The directivity of this
antenna is 9.16 dBi and 7.86 dBi for the resonant
frequencies 5.80 GHz and 6.29 GHz respectively.
Figure 16: curve between directivity and resonant
frequencies
The curve between radiation efficiency and
resonant frequencies is shown in figure 17.
Figure 17: curve between radiation efficiency and
resonant frequencies
The radiation efficiency of the antenna is
33.79 at 5.80 GHz and 28.34 at 6.29 GHz. The
variation of VSWR with the resonance frequencies is
shown in figure18. The values of VSWR at resonance
frequencies 5.80 GHz and 6.29 GHz are 1.03 and
1.17 respectively.
Figure 18: curve between VSWR and resonant
frequencies
6. Dheeraj Bhardwaj et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.55-61
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The radiation patterns of resonant
frequencies 5.80 GHz and 6.29GHz are shown in
figure 19 and figure 20 respectively. The direction of
maximum radiation is shifted 30o
left from normal to
the patch geometry at 5.8GHz. At 6.3GHz the
direction of maximum radiation is shifted 30o
left and
30o
right side of the normal to the patch as
represented in the above figures.
Figure 19: 2D polar Radiation pattern at 5.8 GHz
Figure 20: 2D polar Radiation pattern at 6.3 GHz
IV. CONCLUSION
The proposed electromagnetic five elements
gap-coupled Rhombus Shaped Microstrip Patch
Antenna having a central rectangular patch
(EGCRSMPACRP) with 0.8mm gap coupling,
resonates at two frequencies 5.80GHz and 6.29GHz
for C band applications. After the analyzing the
tabular results one can conclude that sequential
increase in the gain and bandwidth up to 0.8mm gap
coupling. After increasing the gap further, the
bandwidth of antenna starts decreasing. The effect of
gap coupling on the antenna performance is
observed. The designed antenna enhances the gain up
to 4.45dBi, this is quite encouraging. Finally, we got
much improved bandwidth of 25.71% in comparison
with a conventional rectangular patch antenna having
a bandwidth of 6.70%.
V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We extended our sincere thanks and
gratitude to Professor Deepak Bhatnagar for
providing the simulation facilities at their research
laboratory and Dr. S.M. Seth, who provides us a
valuable direction for research work.
REFERENCES
[1] Churng-jou tsal, Chia-hsn lin, Wei-chif
chen, Chen-lin lu and Jinn-kwei guo, “A
CPW-feed printed antenna for dual- band
WLAN operations”, IEEE,2011.
[2] I. Balakrishna, M. suresh kumar and S.
Raghavan, “CPW-feed semi circle patch
antenna for 2.4GHz for WLAN applicaton”,
IEEE,2011.
[3] K. guney, “A simple and accurate
expression for the bandwidth of electrically
thick rectangular microstrip antennas”,
Microwave and Optical Technology Letters,
Vol.36, No.3, pp. 225-228,2003Vol. 1 No. 1-
2 (January-December, 2012).
[4] Er. O.p. Rajpoot, Dr. D. C. dhubkarya,
“Design and Analysis of Rhombus Shaped
Microstrip Antenna”, Int. Jr. of Knowledge
Engineering and Technology, Vol. 1 No. 1-2
(January-December, 2012).
[5] Dheeraj Bhardwaj, Deepak Verma, Komal
Sharma, “ Design of Dual Band Broadband
Modified Rectangular Microstrip Antenna
with air gap for Wireless Applications, ”
International Journal of Enhanced Research
in Science, Technology & Engineering,
Vol.3 Issue 2, ISNN: 2319-7463, February-
2014, pp: (331-339).
[6] Dheeraj Bhardwaj, Komal Sharma
“Broadband rectangular patch microstrip
antenna with rhombus shaped slot for
WLAN applications”,International Journal
of Enhanced Research in Science,
Technology & Engineering, ISNN: 2319-
7463, Vol. 3 Issue 1, January-2014, pp:
(389-394).
[7] Ch.Radhika,1D.Ujwala,B.Harish,Ch.Vijaya
Sekhar, H.M.Ramesh,” Analysis of the
effect of substrate thickness on a rhombus
shaped slot triangular Patch Antenna for
WLAN application”, International Journal
of Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 2, Issue3, May-Jun 2012, pp.2503-
2506.
[8] I.Govardhani, M.Venkata Narayana, Prof
S.Venkates-warlu, K.Rajkamal Published
paper in International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications
(IJERA).
BOOK:
[9] Girish Kumar and K.P.Ray, Broadband
microstrip antennas (Artech House, 2003).
[10] James R. James, Peter S. Hall, Handbook of
Microstrip Antennas,(IET, 01-Dec-1989).
[11] Kin-Lu Wong, Compact and broadband
microstrip antennas (John Wiley & Sons,
07-April-2004).
7. Dheeraj Bhardwaj et al Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5( Version 6), May 2014, pp.55-61
www.ijera.com 61 | P a g e
Table I: Comparison of antenna parameters of different types of micrstrip patch antenna
Type of Patch
Antenna
Designed
Patch Shape
Resonating
Frequency
(GHz)
Gain
(dBi)
Directivity
(dBi)
Bandwidth
(%)
Conventional
Rectangular
3.79 1.19 9.23 6.70
Rhombus shaped
4.098 0.08 6.63 9.5
RSMPA with
central square
patch with gap
coupling 0.8mm
5.400 1.28 8.33 5.37
5.902
6.201
1.15
1.56
8.43
9.33
10.26
RSMPA with
central
Rectangular
patch with gap
coupling 0.8mm
5.80
4.45 9.16
25.71
6.29 2.35 7.86
Table II: Effect of gap coupling / spacing on the performance of modified gap-coupled RSMPA
Designed
Patch
Gap between each
element
(mm)
Resonating
Frequency
(GHz)
Gain
(dBi)
Directivity
(dBi)
Bandwidth
(%)
0.2 5.205 2.02 6.38 11.58
0.4 5.402 3.48 7.61 19.64
0.6 5.801 4.39 9.10 25.35
0.8
5.80
6.29
4.45
2.35
9.16
7.86
25.71
1.0 5.595
5.890
6.293
3.63
4.45
2.40
7.79
9.16
7.92
20.13