Iversen J The Science Of Genetics Powerpoint
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This document summarizes several methods for creating transgenic plants and animals, including concerns and limitations. It discusses using Agrobacterium-mediated transfection for dicots but needing a gene gun for monocots. It provides examples of transgenic crops including Bt crops and "Golden Rice." It also summarizes creating fluorescent proteins in animals and examples of cloned animals and efforts to preserve endangered species through cloning. The document notes both support and concerns about human cloning.
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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. This involves combining DNA from different sources to create novel genes, which are then transferred to an organism to modify its traits. Examples provided include GloFish (zebrafish with jellyfish genes), Golden Rice (rice with vitamin A genes), virus-resistant papayas, herbicide/pest-resistant corn, pest-resistant eggplant, anthocyanin-rich purple tomatoes, gold-striped genetically modified seahorses, fluorescent cats, glow-in-the-dark fish, spider-fern hybrids, apple-grape hybrids called grapples, giant raisins, rubber cork
Genetically modified agriculture in our food chain
This document discusses genetically modified agriculture and its presence in the food chain. It begins by defining agricultural biotechnology and genetic engineering as techniques used to alter plant and animal genes. It then notes concerns about Monsanto's role as a large seed company and use of genetically modified organisms in seeds and pharmaceutical development. The document also relays reports from farmers of health issues in animals fed GM corn varieties and mysterious cow deaths in Germany linked to a GM corn variety. Toward the end, it suggests people may unknowingly consume GMOs through grocery store produce, meats and processed foods since labeling is not required in the US.
Farm field adjust with genetic world.pptx
Genetically modified plants are plants whose genetic makeup has been altered through genetic engineering techniques. The document discusses several examples of genetically modified plants including BT cotton, golden rice, and Flavr Savr tomato. BT cotton produces a toxin that kills pests like bollworms but does not harm other organisms. Golden rice is genetically engineered to produce beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin A, to address vitamin A deficiencies. Flavr Savr tomato uses antisense RNA technology to slow ripening and prevent softening to increase shelf life.
Presentation istanbul
The document discusses genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and foods (GMFs) including their techniques, benefits, risks, and perspectives from various religions. It notes that GMFs are typically transgenic plant products that are engineered for traits like pest resistance, vitamin content, or drought tolerance. While offering potential benefits, they may pose environmental or human health risks. Most major scientific organizations say currently available GMOs are safe, but religious views on GMOs vary and are still debated among scholars.
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Golden Rice was created in 1999 to address vitamin A deficiency in rice-dependent populations. Scientists added two genes (psy and crtI) to rice to produce beta-carotene, a precursor to vitamin A. Golden Rice-1 did not produce enough beta-carotene. In 2005, Golden Rice-2 was developed by using a maize psy gene and seed-specific promoter, producing higher beta-carotene levels. Golden Rice is considered safe as beta-carotene is converted to vitamin A only as needed. However, some have raised concerns about allergies, genetic contamination, and impacts on local cultures and biodiversity. Supporters argue it could reduce medical costs and increase productivity compared to alternative
Genetic engineering2
Selective breeding involves breeding animals or plants with desired traits to increase those traits in future generations. Genetic variations arise from mutations that can occur naturally or be induced by factors like radiation. While most mutations are harmless, some can be beneficial or harmful, like cancer-causing mutations. Techniques like hybridization and genetic engineering allow further manipulation of organisms by combining genes from different species or rewriting DNA. Transgenic organisms containing genes from other species have potential applications in medicine, agriculture, and materials production, but also raise ethical issues.
Genetic engineering2
Selective breeding, mutations, and hybridization are methods that have been used for centuries to introduce desirable traits into organisms. More recently, genetic engineering techniques like DNA extraction, transgenic organisms, cloning, and gene editing have allowed for more direct manipulation of genes. While these advanced methods hold promise for applications like producing human proteins and saving endangered species, they also raise ethical concerns that require careful consideration.
genetic engineering
This document summarizes information about genetic engineering. It defines genetic engineering as the process of manually adding new DNA to an organism to give it new traits. It provides examples of genetically engineered crops like plants resistant to insects or herbicides. It compares genetic engineering to traditional breeding and outlines the basic steps of genetic engineering including identifying the desired gene, cloning it, and inserting it into a recipient organism. It discusses advantages like medical and agricultural benefits and disadvantages like potential unknown environmental impacts. It provides examples of specific genetically engineered crops like golden rice and pesticide-resistant rape plants. It also discusses debates around the safety of GMOs.
897
This document discusses the topics of genetically modified food and cloning. Regarding genetically modified food, it outlines both potential benefits like increasing yields and drought resistance, as well as risks like unpredictable health effects, gene flow into the environment, and lack of long-term testing. It also discusses challenges around labeling GM foods and commercial interests prioritizing profits over safety. Regarding cloning, it notes past successes cloning animals but also potential difficulties and ethical concerns about cloning humans. Overall it presents both sides of these complex issues around new biotechnologies.
Sprouts and Wheatgrass Production and Marketing
This document provides an overview of sprout and wheatgrass production and marketing. It discusses two main production methods and optimal growing requirements for different seed types. Issues of food safety and bacterial contamination in sprouts are also covered. The document provides sources for seeds, equipment, and further information on sprout production.
GMO_genetically modified organismxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.ppt
Corn has been a staple food for 8,000 years. The European corn borer is a pest that lays eggs on corn stalks, with the hatched larvae then eating the corn as they grow. This pest cost growers over $1 billion annually. Bt corn is a genetically modified type of corn that produces proteins from the Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria that are toxic to certain insects. The corn is modified to produce these toxins, making it resistant to pests like the European corn borer and reducing damage. Almost 85% of corn grown in the U.S. is genetically modified.
golden_rice.pdf
Golden rice was developed to address vitamin A deficiency in parts of Asia. It is genetically engineered rice that produces beta-carotene, which the body converts to vitamin A. The original golden rice produced low levels of beta-carotene, so Golden Rice 2 was created with genes from maize to produce 23 times more beta-carotene. However, opposition from Greenpeace has prevented golden rice from reaching people, despite it addressing a major public health problem of vitamin A deficiency and blindness.
2015 unc class
Kevin M. Folta guest lectures in a crop improvement course at North Carolina State University, the topic is how bad science is used to deceive the public, and how good science is manipulated to manufacture risk where none exists.
Unit a biologicaldiversitynotes(human impacts)
This document discusses how human activity affects biological diversity and defines various terms related to extinction and conservation. It explains the natural and human causes of extinction and extirpation and their effects. It also discusses artificial selection, biotechnology, risks of biotechnology, and five methods of conserving biodiversity with examples and advantages/disadvantages of each.
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Iversen J The Science Of Genetics Powerpoint
- 1. Making a Transgenic Plant
- 3. Limitations of Agrobacterium -mediated Transgenesis Dicots Tomatoes Potatoes Apples Soybeans Monocots Corn Wheat Agrobacterium only infect dicot plants. So, the alternative is to use a gene gun.
- 4. http://www.hort.purdue.edu/hort/courses/hort250/animations/Gene%20Gun%20Animation/Genegun1.html Gene Gun animation
- 5. From an agribusiness standpoint – Both seed stock and pesticide are products from the same company
- 6. The Flavr Savr ™ Tomato
- 7. Bt Crops Bacillus thuriengensis is a bacterium that produces a natural protein insect poison (Bt toxin). Upon consumption of the bacteria, the insect dies. This is a “natural” pesticide used by organic farmers
- 8. Enhancing Vitamin/Mineral Content “ Golden Rice” contains transgenes that allow it to produce vitamin A (beta-carotene) and increase levels of iron This is a humanitarian project designed to combat Vitamin A deficiency
- 9. Some examples of transgenic animals Why are all these glowing green?
- 10. Green Fluorescent Protein A gene product of the jellyfish Aequorea victoria . Will fluoresce green when exposed to blue light. This is used as a tracking molecule to study physiological and cellular processes.
- 11. There are now several different modifications of GFP: “ Enhanced GFP” Blue Cyan Citrine Also fluorecent proteins form other animals such as anemones (RFP) GloFiish
- 12. Tetra Rhesus Monkey 1999 2001 Copycat (Cc) Domestic Cat 2003 Prometea Horse Idaho Gem Mule Pigs Male Mouse Cloned Animals
- 13. Champion Racehorse “ Royal Blue Moon Too” $150,000 Viagen
- 14. Cyagra Cloned Beefstock Note: This has now been approved by both the FDA and the USDA
- 15. Idea – Bring endangered species to term in a surrogate of another species (non-endangered) Preserving Endangered Species
- 16. Giant Panda Cloning Cloned panda embryos have been produced in China Difficulty finding suitable surrogate
- 17. Cloning Extinct Species Would require an intact nucleus Spanish Ibex 2000 West African Black Rhino 2006 Tasmanian Tiger 1936
- 18. Cloning Extinct Species The Future?
- 20. Human Cloning May Be Underway... Clonaid – an arm of the Raelian sect claims to have cloned 5 human babies. The location of the offshore laboratory is a secret. Human cloning, in principle, should be easier than that of large animals – since we know much more about human physiology. The only real barrier regulatory...
- 21. Modified from original power point created by Jeff Reinking, SUNY New Paltz