The document provides an overview of distribution networks by defining distribution systems, describing their location and function within power systems, and identifying their key components. It discusses how distribution systems distribute power from transmission networks to customers by stepping voltages down through substations. The major components of distribution systems are described as bulk power substations, primary feeders, and secondary feeders. Common distribution voltages, substation types, and supply categories are also outlined.
This document provides an overview of using neural network techniques in power systems. It discusses how neural networks have been applied to areas like fault diagnosis, security assessment, load forecasting, economic dispatch, and harmonic analysis. The number of published papers in these areas has grown significantly from 1990-1996 to 2000-2005, particularly in load forecasting, fault diagnosis/location, economic dispatch, security assessment, and transient stability. The document then reviews in more detail how neural networks have been applied to load forecasting, fault diagnosis/location, and economic dispatch problems in the power industry.
Wireless power transfer (WPT), wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission, or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires. Wireless power transmission technologies use time-varying electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields. Wireless transmission is useful to power electrical devices where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or are not possible.
Persijilan Kemahiran Malaysia Diploma Kemahiran Malaysia F432-005-4:2012 Low Voltage Electrical Installation & Maintenance memberikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran dalam pemasangan, penyelenggaraan, dan pengujian sistem elektrik tegangan rendah termasuk papan suis utama, transformer pengedaran, dan sistem kabel bawah tanah mengikut spesifikasi dan piawaian.
Design, Planning and Layout of high voltage laboratory vishalgohel12195
Design, Planning and Layout of high voltage laboratory
Test equipment provided in high voltage lab
Activity and study in high voltage lab
Classification of high voltage lab
Clearance of high voltage Lab
Layout of high voltage lab
Safety
Shielding of the high voltage lab
This document provides an introduction and overview of power system protection. It discusses the basic components and concepts of protection systems, including the need for protection, basic requirements, types of faults, protective zones, and primary and backup protection. The key objectives are to safeguard the system, minimize damage from faults, and ensure personnel safety.
Presentasi ini membahas tentang gardu induk, termasuk pengertian dan fungsinya, jenis-jenisnya berdasarkan pelayanan, penempatan, isolasi, dan bentuk rangkaian relnya. Juga dibahas fasilitas dan peralatan gardu induk seperti transformator utama, rel daya, dan peralatan penghubung. Dijelaskan pula prinsip kerja, gangguan-gangguan pengaman, isolasi, serta transformator utama dalam gardu induk. "
This document provides an overview of using neural network techniques in power systems. It discusses how neural networks have been applied to areas like fault diagnosis, security assessment, load forecasting, economic dispatch, and harmonic analysis. The number of published papers in these areas has grown significantly from 1990-1996 to 2000-2005, particularly in load forecasting, fault diagnosis/location, economic dispatch, security assessment, and transient stability. The document then reviews in more detail how neural networks have been applied to load forecasting, fault diagnosis/location, and economic dispatch problems in the power industry.
Wireless power transfer (WPT), wireless power transmission, wireless energy transmission, or electromagnetic power transfer is the transmission of electrical energy without wires. Wireless power transmission technologies use time-varying electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields. Wireless transmission is useful to power electrical devices where interconnecting wires are inconvenient, hazardous, or are not possible.
Persijilan Kemahiran Malaysia Diploma Kemahiran Malaysia F432-005-4:2012 Low Voltage Electrical Installation & Maintenance memberikan pengetahuan dan kemahiran dalam pemasangan, penyelenggaraan, dan pengujian sistem elektrik tegangan rendah termasuk papan suis utama, transformer pengedaran, dan sistem kabel bawah tanah mengikut spesifikasi dan piawaian.
Design, Planning and Layout of high voltage laboratory vishalgohel12195
Design, Planning and Layout of high voltage laboratory
Test equipment provided in high voltage lab
Activity and study in high voltage lab
Classification of high voltage lab
Clearance of high voltage Lab
Layout of high voltage lab
Safety
Shielding of the high voltage lab
This document provides an introduction and overview of power system protection. It discusses the basic components and concepts of protection systems, including the need for protection, basic requirements, types of faults, protective zones, and primary and backup protection. The key objectives are to safeguard the system, minimize damage from faults, and ensure personnel safety.
Presentasi ini membahas tentang gardu induk, termasuk pengertian dan fungsinya, jenis-jenisnya berdasarkan pelayanan, penempatan, isolasi, dan bentuk rangkaian relnya. Juga dibahas fasilitas dan peralatan gardu induk seperti transformator utama, rel daya, dan peralatan penghubung. Dijelaskan pula prinsip kerja, gangguan-gangguan pengaman, isolasi, serta transformator utama dalam gardu induk. "
Perkongsian informasi menjana teknologi mencerna kreativiti mencetus inovasi demi suatu transformasi mengungguli generasi MADANI.... http://www.facebook.com/elektrikduniaku
Electro-mechanical relays operate using electromagnetic attraction or induction. Common relay types include attracted armature, balanced beam, and induction disc/cup relays. Relays can be instantaneous, have a definite time lag, or be inverse-time depending on how their operating time relates to current. Relays are used in applications like overcurrent protection. Modern relays also include static and numerical relays.
This document summarizes wireless power transmission (WPT), including its history, types, and applications. It discusses how WPT works by transferring energy wirelessly using techniques like inductive coupling, resonant inductive coupling, and microwave or laser power transmission. Near-field techniques like inductive coupling have distance constraints but no radiation, while far-field techniques can transfer power over longer distances but require line-of-sight transmission. WPT could enable more efficient energy delivery and the elimination of wires and batteries in many devices.
Maintenance of Substation Equipment | Operation And Maintenance Of SubstationSystem Protection
We work with the latest tools and equipment’s ensuring the delivery of highest quality of Services. We have served over 200 major industrial clients, in Oil & Gas, Cement, Government, Fertilizers and various other core and non-core Sectors. We are headquartered in Vadodara (Gujarat), India, but our exposure is not limited to National Industries. We are leaving a global footprint with clients in various nations like Tanzania, Paraguay, UAE, Kuwait, Nepal, Bangladesh, etc.
This document describes an IOT based prepaid energy meter project that uses an Arduino microcontroller, GSM modem, LCD display, optocoupler circuit, relays, energy meter, WiFi module, and power supply. The system works similarly to a prepaid mobile system where the user purchases units in advance and the meter disconnects power when the units are used up, notifying the user to recharge via SMS. The document outlines the hardware requirements, description of components, circuit diagram, simulation, advantages including reduced costs and remote access, and future extensions including measuring other utilities like gas and water.
Smart metering and control of transmission systemDurgarao Gundu
The document discusses smart metering and control of transmission systems in a smart grid. It describes characteristics of a smart grid like self-healing, including consumers, and accommodating different generation sources. It compares smart grids to existing systems and lists components of smart metering infrastructure like integrated communications and smart meters. Challenges of adopting smart grids include costs, complex structure, security, and privacy issues. Cyber security strategies for smart grids focus on availability, integrity, and confidentiality of data through encryption, authentication, and digital signatures.
Double Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker Scheme
Dynamic Analysis and Testing of on-load tap changerLeonardo Nicolini
The dynamic resistance measurement (DRM) was developed to analyze the switching process of on-load tap changers (OLTCs), which have a high failure rate of around 30%. DRM allows detection of issues like arcing contacts or switching interruptions by measuring the fast switching process. To properly analyze DRM results, it is important to know the OLTC type and construction. DRM analysis focuses on features of the current curve during switching, like amplitude, which indicates contact resistance, and timing, which may show mechanical problems. Proper test currents around 3-5A provide a stable measurement. Shorting the secondary side increases sensitivity. Switching direction and tap position can impact results due to differences in winding configuration.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan panduan tentang sistem pemasangan sistem pembumian domestik yang selamat. Ia menjelaskan konsep asas sistem pembumian, kesan bahaya elektrik tanpa pembumian, dan langkah-langkah pemasangan sistem pembumian yang betul untuk melindungi nyawa dan harta.
Automatic voltage regulator(avr)/voltage boosterJestem Zhou
The document is a product brochure for TVR-Line voltage regulators manufactured by Zhejiang Farady Electric Co., Ltd. It summarizes the company profile and provides details about the voltage regulators including their applications, working principles, technical specifications, structure, functions, installation sketches, and answers to frequently asked questions. The voltage regulators can automatically adjust output voltage to keep it stable within a rated range and help ensure reliable power supply.
This document provides an overview of the author's summer training at the 132kV GSS Chambal power house in Jaipur, Rajasthan. It discusses the introduction of RVPN, site selection criteria for GSS, equipment used including transformers, CVTs, isolators, circuit breakers, and protection relays. Diagrams of the single line diagram, control room, transformer, and relay working are also included. The training improved the author's understanding of electrical power transmission and the practical differences compared to theoretical knowledge.
This document discusses procedures for locating cable faults and types of cable testing. It describes why cable testing is important to determine the condition of power cables and systems. The main types of cable testing discussed are high voltage DC withstand testing, partial discharge testing using acoustic equipment, and dielectric response testing measuring factors like dissipation factor, DC leakage current, and recovery voltage. The document also outlines procedures for locating cable faults, including fault indication, insulation testing, cable route tracing, and precise fault location. Various cable testing methods and their purposes are explained.
Witricity is the wireless transfer of electric power without wires. The document discusses the history of witricity beginning with Nikola Tesla's proposals in 1891. It describes different methods of wireless power transfer including inductive coupling, resonant inductive coupling, and microwave transmission. Applications of witricity technology include wireless charging of devices, transportation like electric cars, and industrial uses. Advantages are efficient power transfer and creating a shock-free environment, while disadvantages include needing the right frequency for short-range transfer and high installation costs for long-range.
This document discusses transformer protection philosophy and methods. It describes various types of faults that can occur in transformers like ground faults, phase-to-phase faults, interturn faults, and core faults. It also discusses mechanical protections like Buchholz relay, sudden pressure relay, pressure relief valve, and temperature indicators. Electrical protections discussed include biased differential relay protection and harmonic restraint. The document provides details on how these protections work and their settings.
Electrical fault is the deviation of voltages and currents from nominal values or states. Under normal operating conditions, power system equipment or lines carry normal voltages and currents which results in a safer operation of the system.
Wireless power transmission involves transferring electrical energy from a power source to devices without wires. There are two main techniques: near-field uses induction or resonance within short distances, while far-field like microwave or laser transmission requires line-of-sight but can transmit over longer distances. Wireless power has advantages of no wires or maintenance but challenges of tuning and safety. Applications include wireless charging of devices and electric vehicles, as well as potential large-scale power from solar satellites.
Polyfuse is a polymeric positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PPTC) that provides overcurrent protection and automatic restoration in a circuit. It is made from a composite of semi-crystalline polymer and conductive particles formed into thin sheets with electrodes. In normal operation, the polyfuse has low resistance, but it rapidly increases in resistance and trips in response to excessive current to reduce power in the circuit. This trip occurs as current flow causes heating and a change in crystalline structure that separates the conductive particles. Polyfuses have applications in transformer, speaker, battery, and equipment protection.
Transmission and distribution system of electricity anjali s
Transmission and distribution system of electricity - generating stations - transmission system - substations - distribution system - diagram representation
Introduction to electric power transmission and distributionABDULRAHMANALGHANIM
The document provides an overview of electric power transmission and distribution systems. It discusses how electric power is generated at power stations and stepped up to high voltages for transmission through networks of transmission lines. It then explains how power is stepped down at substations for distribution through primary and secondary distribution networks to reach customers. The key components and classifications of distribution systems are also outlined.
Perkongsian informasi menjana teknologi mencerna kreativiti mencetus inovasi demi suatu transformasi mengungguli generasi MADANI.... http://www.facebook.com/elektrikduniaku
Electro-mechanical relays operate using electromagnetic attraction or induction. Common relay types include attracted armature, balanced beam, and induction disc/cup relays. Relays can be instantaneous, have a definite time lag, or be inverse-time depending on how their operating time relates to current. Relays are used in applications like overcurrent protection. Modern relays also include static and numerical relays.
This document summarizes wireless power transmission (WPT), including its history, types, and applications. It discusses how WPT works by transferring energy wirelessly using techniques like inductive coupling, resonant inductive coupling, and microwave or laser power transmission. Near-field techniques like inductive coupling have distance constraints but no radiation, while far-field techniques can transfer power over longer distances but require line-of-sight transmission. WPT could enable more efficient energy delivery and the elimination of wires and batteries in many devices.
Maintenance of Substation Equipment | Operation And Maintenance Of SubstationSystem Protection
We work with the latest tools and equipment’s ensuring the delivery of highest quality of Services. We have served over 200 major industrial clients, in Oil & Gas, Cement, Government, Fertilizers and various other core and non-core Sectors. We are headquartered in Vadodara (Gujarat), India, but our exposure is not limited to National Industries. We are leaving a global footprint with clients in various nations like Tanzania, Paraguay, UAE, Kuwait, Nepal, Bangladesh, etc.
This document describes an IOT based prepaid energy meter project that uses an Arduino microcontroller, GSM modem, LCD display, optocoupler circuit, relays, energy meter, WiFi module, and power supply. The system works similarly to a prepaid mobile system where the user purchases units in advance and the meter disconnects power when the units are used up, notifying the user to recharge via SMS. The document outlines the hardware requirements, description of components, circuit diagram, simulation, advantages including reduced costs and remote access, and future extensions including measuring other utilities like gas and water.
Smart metering and control of transmission systemDurgarao Gundu
The document discusses smart metering and control of transmission systems in a smart grid. It describes characteristics of a smart grid like self-healing, including consumers, and accommodating different generation sources. It compares smart grids to existing systems and lists components of smart metering infrastructure like integrated communications and smart meters. Challenges of adopting smart grids include costs, complex structure, security, and privacy issues. Cyber security strategies for smart grids focus on availability, integrity, and confidentiality of data through encryption, authentication, and digital signatures.
Double Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker SchemeDouble Bus Single Breaker Scheme
Dynamic Analysis and Testing of on-load tap changerLeonardo Nicolini
The dynamic resistance measurement (DRM) was developed to analyze the switching process of on-load tap changers (OLTCs), which have a high failure rate of around 30%. DRM allows detection of issues like arcing contacts or switching interruptions by measuring the fast switching process. To properly analyze DRM results, it is important to know the OLTC type and construction. DRM analysis focuses on features of the current curve during switching, like amplitude, which indicates contact resistance, and timing, which may show mechanical problems. Proper test currents around 3-5A provide a stable measurement. Shorting the secondary side increases sensitivity. Switching direction and tap position can impact results due to differences in winding configuration.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan panduan tentang sistem pemasangan sistem pembumian domestik yang selamat. Ia menjelaskan konsep asas sistem pembumian, kesan bahaya elektrik tanpa pembumian, dan langkah-langkah pemasangan sistem pembumian yang betul untuk melindungi nyawa dan harta.
Automatic voltage regulator(avr)/voltage boosterJestem Zhou
The document is a product brochure for TVR-Line voltage regulators manufactured by Zhejiang Farady Electric Co., Ltd. It summarizes the company profile and provides details about the voltage regulators including their applications, working principles, technical specifications, structure, functions, installation sketches, and answers to frequently asked questions. The voltage regulators can automatically adjust output voltage to keep it stable within a rated range and help ensure reliable power supply.
This document provides an overview of the author's summer training at the 132kV GSS Chambal power house in Jaipur, Rajasthan. It discusses the introduction of RVPN, site selection criteria for GSS, equipment used including transformers, CVTs, isolators, circuit breakers, and protection relays. Diagrams of the single line diagram, control room, transformer, and relay working are also included. The training improved the author's understanding of electrical power transmission and the practical differences compared to theoretical knowledge.
This document discusses procedures for locating cable faults and types of cable testing. It describes why cable testing is important to determine the condition of power cables and systems. The main types of cable testing discussed are high voltage DC withstand testing, partial discharge testing using acoustic equipment, and dielectric response testing measuring factors like dissipation factor, DC leakage current, and recovery voltage. The document also outlines procedures for locating cable faults, including fault indication, insulation testing, cable route tracing, and precise fault location. Various cable testing methods and their purposes are explained.
Witricity is the wireless transfer of electric power without wires. The document discusses the history of witricity beginning with Nikola Tesla's proposals in 1891. It describes different methods of wireless power transfer including inductive coupling, resonant inductive coupling, and microwave transmission. Applications of witricity technology include wireless charging of devices, transportation like electric cars, and industrial uses. Advantages are efficient power transfer and creating a shock-free environment, while disadvantages include needing the right frequency for short-range transfer and high installation costs for long-range.
This document discusses transformer protection philosophy and methods. It describes various types of faults that can occur in transformers like ground faults, phase-to-phase faults, interturn faults, and core faults. It also discusses mechanical protections like Buchholz relay, sudden pressure relay, pressure relief valve, and temperature indicators. Electrical protections discussed include biased differential relay protection and harmonic restraint. The document provides details on how these protections work and their settings.
Electrical fault is the deviation of voltages and currents from nominal values or states. Under normal operating conditions, power system equipment or lines carry normal voltages and currents which results in a safer operation of the system.
Wireless power transmission involves transferring electrical energy from a power source to devices without wires. There are two main techniques: near-field uses induction or resonance within short distances, while far-field like microwave or laser transmission requires line-of-sight but can transmit over longer distances. Wireless power has advantages of no wires or maintenance but challenges of tuning and safety. Applications include wireless charging of devices and electric vehicles, as well as potential large-scale power from solar satellites.
Polyfuse is a polymeric positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PPTC) that provides overcurrent protection and automatic restoration in a circuit. It is made from a composite of semi-crystalline polymer and conductive particles formed into thin sheets with electrodes. In normal operation, the polyfuse has low resistance, but it rapidly increases in resistance and trips in response to excessive current to reduce power in the circuit. This trip occurs as current flow causes heating and a change in crystalline structure that separates the conductive particles. Polyfuses have applications in transformer, speaker, battery, and equipment protection.
Transmission and distribution system of electricity anjali s
Transmission and distribution system of electricity - generating stations - transmission system - substations - distribution system - diagram representation
Introduction to electric power transmission and distributionABDULRAHMANALGHANIM
The document provides an overview of electric power transmission and distribution systems. It discusses how electric power is generated at power stations and stepped up to high voltages for transmission through networks of transmission lines. It then explains how power is stepped down at substations for distribution through primary and secondary distribution networks to reach customers. The key components and classifications of distribution systems are also outlined.
The document provides information about Noida Metro Rail Corporation Limited (NMRC). It discusses that NMRC is a joint venture between the governments of India and Uttar Pradesh. The metro line connects Noida and Greater Noida, with 21 stations along the 29.7 km route. It then provides details about the electrical department, including the power distribution system, auxiliary power system, traction power system using 25kV AC overhead lines, and train configuration with pantographs and other electrical equipment. Battery configurations and workshop power supplies are also summarized.
Design of a generating substation with the description of designing a transformer. Here we show some basic components of a substation. and we also show the parameters and calculation to design a transformer of a specific ratings.
The document provides an overview of topics that will be covered in an electrical distribution systems course over two weeks. Key topics include distribution system elements and configurations, electrical load characteristics, voltage regulation, protection and circuit design, distribution transformers, and power factor correction. Students will be assessed based on timely completion and submission of weekly assignments. The document also defines different voltage classes according to IEEE and IEC standards and describes components of typical electrical distribution networks including substations, transmission lines, and voltage step-down transformers.
The document is a report summarizing Shuvam Pathania's industrial training at the 220/132/33 KV Grid Sub Station in Jassure. It includes an acknowledgements section thanking those who contributed, a certificate of completion, and a contents listing the topics covered in the report such as the functions of a substation, elements of a substation like circuit breakers and transformers, and an overview of the Jassure Substation.
Electric power transmission full explanation and presentationRakesh Gurjar
An electric power distribution system is the final stage of delivering electric power to individual consumers. It carries power from transmission systems through distribution substations, transformers, and primary and secondary distribution lines. Distribution systems reduce transmission voltages and deliver power to commercial and residential customers. They come in two main configurations: radial systems with one supply source like a tree, and network systems with multiple interconnected supply sources providing more reliability, commonly found in cities.
The document provides an overview of a training experience at the 220kV Howrah substation in West Bengal, India. It discusses the layout and purpose of the substation, including its panel, control room, and switchyard sections. It also summarizes the key equipment used at the substation, such as transformers, circuit breakers, insulators, lightning arrestors, and instrument transformers. The substation receives power from various 220kV, 132kV and 33kV transmission lines and transforms voltages for distribution.
The document discusses substations, their components, and an experiment on power system design. It defines substations as parts of the electrical generation and distribution system that transform voltage levels. There are four main types: transmission substations connect transmission lines; distribution substations transfer power from transmission to distribution networks; collector substations collect power from distributed generation sources; and switching substations switch currents without transformers. The key components discussed are busbars to distribute current, circuit breakers for protection, transformers, conductors, isolators, and insulators. The experiment aims to study these concepts through observation and calculations.
The document discusses electrical power distribution systems. It describes:
1. The components of a distribution system including sub transmission systems, distribution substations, primary feeders, distribution transformers, and secondary distribution circuits.
2. Typical configurations for subtransmission systems including radial, loop, and grid/network types.
3. Equipment found in distribution substations such as power transformers, circuit breakers, buses, and protective relays.
4. Common substation bus schemes including single bus, double bus-double breaker, main and transfer, double bus-single breaker, ring bus, and breaker and a half configurations.
Report on industrial summer training on 220 kv substationAshutosh Srivastava
The document is a report submitted by Ashutosh Srivastava detailing his 6-week summer training at the 220/132 kV substation in Barahuwa, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. It includes sections on the equipment found at a typical 220kV substation such as busbars, isolators, circuit breakers, transformers, and instrument transformers. It also discusses the selection of suitable substation sites and provides an overview of Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Limited, the organization responsible for electricity transmission and distribution in Uttar Pradesh.
This document provides an overview of power delivery systems and distribution system layouts. It discusses how power is transmitted from generation sources to customers at utilization voltages. The key components of power delivery systems are conductors, transformers, and protective equipment. As power moves from generation to customers, the voltage levels gradually step down. Distribution systems use various layouts like radial, loop and network configurations. The document also covers topics like three-phase to single-phase transitions, distribution voltages, and special connections like transformer banking.
A brief about 33kv Substation........
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This document provides an overview of electrical power distribution systems. It discusses the key elements of distribution systems including feeders, distributors, and service mains. It also covers the classification of distribution systems based on the nature of current (AC vs DC) and types of construction (overhead vs underground). Finally, it describes different connection schemes for distribution including radial, ring main, and interconnected systems. The document aims to introduce the basic components and design considerations for electrical power distribution to local areas and consumers.
Indoor & outdoor substations, an overviewH. Kheir
An introduction to: Types of substations, Elements of substations,
Classifying criterion of substations,
Medium voltage switchgear assemblies & CBs,
Outdoor circuit breakers,
Outdoor disconnect switches,
Indoor & outdoor instrument transformers,
Protection, PLCs & SCADA, Lightning arresters,
Cables, cable/bus ducts & control wires, Communication protocols and Standards
The document provides an overview of the 33/11kV Phidim substation located in Phidim, Panchthar district, Nepal. It was established in 2058 BS by Nepal Electricity Authority. The substation steps down electricity from the national 33kV grid to 11kV to supply power to local areas. It is responsible for controlling energy exchange, load shedding, fault analysis and improving the transmission system. The substation layout, single line diagram, and organizational structure are presented. Key equipment used includes transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, lightning arrestors, and insulators.
The document provides an overview of a power substation (switchyard) including:
- Typical components including busbars, circuit breakers, current transformers, and surge arrestors.
- Explanations of switchyard equipment such as circuit breakers, isolators, earth switches, and their functions.
- Descriptions of different types of substations based on voltage levels and mounting structures.
- Brief explanations of additional equipment such as capacitive voltage transformers, wave traps, and post insulators.
This document provides a summary of a seminar report submitted by Sneha Kanwar on a summer training at the 220 KV GSS in Kotputli, Jaipur. The report includes chapters on the introduction to substations, a single line diagram of the 220 KV GSS, details of the substation components including transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, and protection relays. It also describes other equipment like capacitors, power line carrier communication, insulators, and the battery room. The report concludes with references and an acknowledgement of those who provided guidance during the training.
Basic Mechanical & Electrical Application in Construction IndustryHassanulHadiZakaria
Electricity is a form of energy produced by the movement of electrons through a conductor. It can be generated and stored in batteries, and is essential for powering appliances, heating homes, cooking, communication, and transportation. Electricity makes modern life more convenient, organized, and safe. It is typically generated as alternating current and transmitted long distances at high voltages before being stepped down for distribution to homes and businesses.
The document discusses the components of electric power grids including power generation plants, transmission lines, transformers, and distribution systems. It describes different types of power generation such as fossil fuel, nuclear, hydroelectric, and renewable sources. Key components of the transmission and distribution system are described including step-up and step-down substations, overhead and underground transmission lines, and distribution lines. Diagrams illustrate one-line diagrams of power systems and characteristics of transmission lines.
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Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
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2. WHAT IS A DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM?
- DEFINITION
- LOCATION
UNERSTANDING WHAT IS A DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
- LOCATION
- FUNCTION
- COMPONENTS
- BUSINESS MODEL
4. WHAT IS A DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM?
- DEFINITION
Definition
Distribution system composed of all electrical parts
that are required to distribute power from bulk
power sources to customers.
Generally Distribution System is referred to the
portion of the utility power system between
Transmission network and Customer’s service
entrance.
5. Location Within the Power System
Transmission:
Transmission line up to & inclusive of bulk power
substation (main intake or PMU) that consist of
transmission power transformer
Distribution:
Substations with distribution power transformer (PPU),
primary feeders, distribution switching station (SSU),
Substation with distribution transformer (PE), secondary
feeders and services
6. POWER FLOW DIAGRAM
GENERATION DISTRIBUTION
TRANSMISSION CONSUMER
- Hidro
- Steam
- Diesel
- C/Cycle
- O/head
- U/ground
- S/Marine
- Domestic
- Commercial
- LPC
MV & LV
SUB STATION
CABLE OVER HEAD METERING
9. Function of Distribution System
To deliver electrical energy from the
transmission or small generating station
(embedded generation) to customers while
(embedded generation) to customers while
transforming to a suitable applications.
10. MAIN ACTIVITIES IN DISTRIBUTION
● DISTRIBUTION PLANNING
- Reinforcement of MV system (MSVT)
- New Supply
● DISTRIBUTION PROJECT
Focus on new-supply projects
- Cable (MV & LV) construction
- Overhead (MV & LV) construction
- Substation (MV & LV) construction
● DISTRIBUTION PROTECTION
- Protection coordination within TNB network
- Protection coordination between TNB and Customer
- Protection relay testing & calibration
11. MAIN ACTIVITIES IN DISTRIBUTION
● DISTRIBUTION OPERATION & MAINTENANCE
- Maintenance of Cable (MV & LV)
- Maintenance of Overhead (MV & LV)
- Maintenance of Substation (MV & LV)
- MSVR & MSVT projects
● METERING
- Installation of new meter (whole current meter, CT-meter)
- Schedule replacement of meter (whole current)
- Meter maintenance
- Meter testing and calibration
● DISTRIBUTION SERVICE
- LV Single phase (Overhead line, Five-foot-way)
- LV Three phase (Overhead line, Five-foot-way, Underground
cable))
12. MAIN ACTIVITIES IN DISTRIBUTION
● STREET LIGHTHING
- Installation
- Maintenance
● CUSTOMER SERVICE
- New supply application (individual, group)
- Meter reading & Billing
- Meter reading & Billing
- Collection & banking
- Change of tenancy
- Change of tariff
- Individual street light
- Credit control & disconnection
- Bank guarantee management
- Revenue assurance & Back-billing
14. Distribution System Components
Distribution System can be divided into three major
components:
Bulk power substations
Bulk power substations
It receives power from the transmission system and
transform it to a subtransmission voltage by means of
Transmission Power Transformer
15. Primary Feeder
It is the system between subtransmission line and
secondary feeder. Distribution Power Transformer
(33/11 kV) separates the primary feeder from
subtransmission line and; Distribution Transformer
(11/0.415 kV) separates the primary feeder from
secondary feeder.
Distribution System Components
secondary feeder.
Secondary Feeder
The secondary components of a distribution system
ends at the customer’s meter.
20. TNB DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATION CATEGORY
1. Main Intake Substation – PMU
a. Distribution Bulk Power Substation that provide interfacing between
Transmission network and Distribution network where the Transmission
voltage is step down to Distribution voltage. PMU serves as main supply
source to:
i. First level of Distribution primary network (33kV, 11kV)
ii. Customer taking power supply at tariff-E3
b. Land size requirement - AIS 130.0 meter x 130.0 meter
b. Land size requirement - AIS 130.0 meter x 130.0 meter
- GIS 70meter x 80meter (2TX)
c. Building size requirement - Depending on requirements
d. Transformer size - 15 MVA, 30 MVA, 45MVA, 90 MVA
e. Average cost range - More than RM30 million depending
on Transformer
21. TNB DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATION CATEGORY
2. Main Distribution Substation – PPU
a. Distribution Primary Substation that distributes power by stepping down 33kV
voltage to 11kV or 22kV voltage as a second level of Distribution primary-
network.
i. 33kV/11kV
ii. 33kV/22kV
b. Land size requirement - 50.0 meter x 50.0 meter
c. Building size requirement -
d. Transformer size - 7.5 MVA, 15 MVA, 30MVA
e. Average cost range - RM7 Million – RM 10 Million depending
on Transformer size
22. TNB DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATION CATEGORY
3. Main Switching Station – SSU
a. Distribution Substation that further distributes power without voltage
transformation within the Distribution primary network (33kV, 22kV, 11kV). It
provides interfacing between various PMU and/or various PPU within the
Distribution primary network. PPU is established to facilitate:
i. Power supply to Customer buying electricity at tariff C1, C2, E1, or E2
ii. Reinforcement of Distribution supply network to ensure higher security
level
iii. Maintaining the scale of economic for power distribution at primary level
iii. Maintaining the scale of economic for power distribution at primary level
through a larger area
b. Land size requirement - 31.0 meter x 31.0 meter
c. Building size requirement - Depending on requirements
d. Transformer size - No transformer
e. Average cost range - RM 500 K to RM1 Million depending on
number of switchgear & voltage level
23. TNB DISTRIBUTION SUBSTATION CATEGORY
4. Low Voltage Substation – PE
a. Low Voltage Substation provides interfacing between primary network and
secondary network in Distribution system where the 11kV or 22kV voltage is
step down to 415V. It is the main source of power supply to Customer buying
electricity tariff A, B or D as well as for street lighting through LV network that
comprises of:
i. LV Board
ii. LV Feeder pillar
iii. LV Underground cable system
iii. LV Underground cable system
iv. LV Overhead line system
b. Land size requirement - single chamber
- double chamber
c. Building size requirement - Depending on requirements
d. Transformer size - 100kVA, 300kVA, 500kVA, 750kVA, 1MVA
e. Average cost range - RM 100K to RM 250K depending
on Transformer size and size of building
37. 11KV SUBSTATION CONSTRUCTION
Three main sections of electrical substation
1. Switchgear
- Ring Main Unit
(RMU with fuse)
- Circuit breaker
Single Line Diagram P/E
2. Distribution
Transformer
- Dyn11 11/0.415kV
3. Low Voltage
Distribution Board
38. SUBSTATION COMPONENT
BASIC COMPONENTS:-
SUBSTATION ENCLOSURE
• Substation building (for indoor substation)
• Fencing (for ground substation)
• Metal enclosed kiosk (for compact substation)
• Pole (for pole mounted substation)
HIGH VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR
• Circuit breaker
• Main ring unit (c/w high voltage fuse)
• Isolator
LOW VOLTAGE SWITCHGEAR
• Low voltage distribution board
• Low voltage distribution board
• Low voltage high current fuse
DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER
• 3 Phase oil-filled transformer
CABLE
• High voltage cable
• Low voltage cable
EARTHING SYSTEM
• Earthing rod
• Lightning arrester
DIRECT CURRENT (DC) SYSTEM
• DC 110v
• DC 30v
53. Transmission Embedded
Generation
Supplier 1 Supplier 2
DISTRIBUTION BUSINESS MODEL
Distributio
n
Operation
s
Distributio
n Network
Operation
s
Operation
s
Electricity
Retail
Operation
s
Business
activity 1
Business
activity 2
54. Operation
s
Distributio
n Network
Operation
s
BUSINESS ACTIVITY 1
TNB Distribution plans, construct, operates, performs
repair & maintenance as well as manage the assets of
repair & maintenance as well as manage the assets of
the 33kV, 22kV 11kV and 415/240 Volts in Peninsula
Malaysia’s distribution network
55. BUSINESS ACTIVITY 2
TNB Distribution operates a network to purchase electricity from
Transmission network and from embedded generators;
Operation
s
Electricity
Retail
Operation
s
It markets and sell electricity by carrying out:
● connection of new supply
● providing customer services
● collection of revenue
● operating the call management centers
● providing supply restoration services
● cultivating strong customer and government relationships
57. Customer Segmentation
- based on meter category
Large Power Consumer (LPC):
All customers that take supply through CT-meter (normally
tariff B, C, D, E)
Ordinary Power Consumer (OPC):
All customers that take supply through whole-current-
meter (Tariff A & B)
58. Domestic customer:
Residential (Tariff A)
Commercial customer:
All business premises, Govt. offices, NGOs (Tariff B, C)
Industrial customer:
Customer Segmentation
- based on activity
Industrial customer:
All industrial premise premises (Tariff D, E)
Mining:
All mining activity (Tariff F)
Street lighting:
All street lighting, Flood lighting, Neon Lighting
Agriculture:
Specific agricultural activity (Tariff H)
59. System
voltage
Fault Level Maximum
Demand
Tariff
High
Voltage
275kV 40kA 19,030MVA E3
132kV 31.5kA 7,193.3MVA 25.0MVA<
Medium
Voltage
33kV 25kA 1,427.3MVA 25.0MVA E1, E2,
C1, C2,
F1, H1,
22kV 20kA 761.2MVA 10.0MVA
SERVICES PROVIDED FOR CUSTOMER
F1, H1,
H2
11kV 20kA 380.6MVA 5.0MVA
Low
Voltage
415V 31.5kA 22.6MVA 1.0MVA A, B, D, F,
G, G1, H
240V 31.5kA 13.1MVA 12kVA
60. GUARANTEE TO CUSTOMER
- RELIABILITY OF SERVICE
Voltage Level % Variation
415V & 240V -10% to +5%
6.6kV, 11kV, 22kV, 33kV ±6%
132kV & 275 kV -5% to +10%
Voltage Under Normal Condition
Voltage Level % Variation
415V & 240V ±10%
6.6kV, 11kV, 22kV, 33kV ±10%
132kV & 275 kV ±10%
Voltage Under Contingency Condition
61. Security Level for TNB Network
Security Level Average Restoration Period
Level 1 Less than 5 seconds
Level 2 Less than 15 minutes
Level 3 Less than 4 hours
GUARANTEE TO CUSTOMER
-RESPONSE TIME TO SERVICE INTERRUPTION
Level 4 Less than 24 hours
~ 132kV, 275kV and 500kV generally are designed to facilitate an average
supply restoration of less than 5 sec
~ 6.6kV, 11kV, 22kV, and 33kV generally are designed to facilitate an average
supply restoration of less than 4 hours
~ 240V and 415V the restoration period may vary beyond 4 hours depending
on the type of faults and/or traffic congestion level
62. Losses:
Non-technical losses
Revenue collection:
Average collection period
Bad debts collection
Revenue assurance & back-billing
Customer focus:
Customer complaints
BUSINESS CHALENGES
Customer complaints
Customer satisfaction
Retaining customer’s loyalty
Keeping the light on:
Reduce breakdown
Faster response to interruption
Cost per unit:
Managing CPU rise (2% - 3% annually)
Keeping CAPEX & OPEX reasonably low
67. FUNDAMENTAL OF ELECTRICITY
Power Triangle
kVA
kVar
Apparent Power
Power withdrawn
from the grid
Reactive Power
Unused Power
stored in inductive
load at
kW
kVA
Active Power
Actual power
consumed to
perform work
at Customer’s
premise
load at
Customer’s premise
kVA2 = kW2 + kVar2
68. FUNDAMENTAL OF ELECTRICITY
x Time (hour) =
Power Energy
kW
kVA
kVar
kWh
kVarh
kVAh
kVA2 = kW2 + kVar2
kVAh2 = kWh2 + kVarh2
Power factor = kW / kVA = kWh / kVAh
69. ELECTRICITY BILLING COMPONENT
Bill element Tariff
A
Tariff
B
Tariff
C
Tarif
f
D
Tariff
E
Tariff
G
a Energy consumed √ √ √ √ √ √ Sales of energy usage
b Power (Max Demand) √ √ Charge for capacity
c Power factor √ √ √ √ Penalty for poor
c Power factor √ √ √ √ Penalty for poor
efficiency level of
electricity usage
d Welding charge √ Charge for capacity for
customer who does not
pay for Max demand
e Temporary supply √ Charge for supply
required for less than 6
months
70. ELECTRICITY BILLING COMPONENT
Bill element Tariff
A
Tariff
B
Tariff
C
Tarif
f
D
Tariff
E
Tariff
G
f Minimum monthly
charge (RM)
3.00 7.20 600.00 7.20 600.00 7.20 Minimum rental of infra if
no significant
consumption
g Connected load charge
(From second year
√ √ Charge for not meeting
declared max-demand
(From second year
onwards until 5th year) 1stFree, 2nd50%, 3rd50%,
4th75%, 5th75%
h 1% Renewable energy
charge
√ √ √ √ √ √ Charge for not meeting
declared max-demand
Free,50%,50%,75%,75%
71. SAMPLE DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION
Qty Power
(Watt)
Daily
usage
rate
(hour)
Daily
Energy
Consumed
(kWh)
Refrigerator 1 1200 24 28.8
Television 1 150 5 0.75
Air Conditioner 2 750 7 10.5
Iron 1 1000 0.5 0.5
Rice Cooker 1 730 0.75 0.5475
Rice Cooker 1 730 0.75 0.5475
Kettle 1 850 0.5 0.425
Washing
machine
1 850 0.75 0.6375
Standing fan 2 75 7 1.05
Lighting 12 36 5 2.16
Total daily kWh 45.37
Total monthly kWh (30days) 1361.1
73. SAMPLE DOMESTIC BILL
What happen if the total bill exceed RM 600.00?
Possibilities
Increase in
consumption
connection
Unauthorize
d
connection
Billing error
Old
appliances
74. CHAPTER 7
e - CUSTOMER INFORMATION
BUSINESS SYSTEM
(e-CIBS)
75. Billing
Billing
Financial
Reporting
e-CIBS BUSINESS PROCESS
Spot Billing
Station Billing
RMR Reading
O Billing
ePOS Collection/
Agency
Debit/Credit Transfer
Banking
Bounced Cheque
Journal
Reconcile
Disconnection
Installment Plan
Stub LOA Posting Backbilling
Operational
Management
76. Basic SAP Navigation
System & Process Overview
Detail Transactions
SAP001
Basic SAP Navigation
ECIBS100
eCIBS Overview
e-CIBS SYSTEM & PROCESS OVERVIEW
Customer Service
(CS)
Financial
(FI)
Meter and Billing
(MB)
Workflow
(WF)
Reporting
(R)
77. Basic SAP Navigation
System & Process Overview
Detail Transactions
SAP001
Basic SAP Navigation
ECIBS100
eCIBS Overview
Customer Service Financial Meter and Billing Workflow Reporting
DETAILS OF CUSTOMER SERVICE
CS001
Customer Enquiry
For CS
CS102
Work Order
OPC
Customer Service
(CS)
Financial
(FI)
Meter and Billing
(MB)
Workflow
(WF)
Reporting
(R)
CS103
Work Order
LPC
CS105
Individual Street
Lighting & COTA
CS104
Group ID Contract
& Complaint Log
CS106
E-Government &
E-Services for CS
CS100
New
Connection
CS101
Change Of
Tenancy
78. Basic SAP Navigation
System & Process Overview
Detail Transactions
SAP001
Basic SAP Navigation
ECIBS100
eCIBS Overview
Customer Service Financial Meter and Billing Workflow Reporting
DETAILS OF FINANCIAL
FI101
Installment Plan
& Reports
FI001
Financial Overview
FI110
Disconnection
FI102
Manual Posting
& Approval
Customer Service
(CS)
Financial
(FI)
Meter and Billing
(MB)
Workflow
(WF)
Reporting
(R)
FI103
Interest on
Late Payment
FI100
Bank Guarantee
(Maintenance & Reports)
FI104
Back Billing
FI105
Banking
FI106
Refund
FI107
Stubs & Reports
FI108
Credit Control
FI109
Dunning
& Reports
FI111
Overall Epos
Processing
79. Basic SAP Navigation
System & Process Overview
Detail Transactions
SAP001
Basic SAP Navigation
ECIBS100
eCIBS Overview
Customer Service Financial Meter and Billing Workflow Reporting
DETAILS OF METER & BILLING
MB001
Meter Information Form
MB102
Load Profile &
Test Billable
MB107
Bill Cancellation
& Ave Cons
MB111
Substation Metering
MB112
Co-Gen
MB104
Landlords/Tenants
& Group ID
MB106
Group Billing
MB101
Unscheduled Meter
Inspection
MB103
Enhancement Sub
Metering for MS 2&3
MB105
Event & Carnival
Discounts
MB100
LPC Schedule
MB109
Remote Meter
Reading
MB108
Overall Reading Unit Processing
MB110
Station Billing & RMA Reporting
CS102 & CS103
Pre-requisite
Customer Service
(CS)
Financial
(FI)
Meter and Billing
(MB)
Workflow
(WF)
Reporting
(R)
80. Basic SAP Navigation
System & Process Overview
Detail Transactions
SAP001
Basic SAP Navigation
ECIBS100
eCIBS Overview
DETAILS OF METER & BILLING
eCIBS Overview
WF001
Workflow Process
WF002
Setup, Configuration
& Administration (Admin)
Customer Service
(CS)
Financial
(FI)
Meter and Billing
(MB)
Workflow
(WF)
Reporting
(R)
WF003
ABAP Query for Beginner
81. Basic SAP Navigation
System & Process Overview
Detail Transactions
SAP001
Basic SAP Navigation
ECIBS100
eCIBS Overview
DETAILS OF REPORTING
Customer Service
(CS)
Financial
(FI)
Meter and Billing
(MB)
Workflow
(WF)
Reporting
(R)
MR001
Management Reporting
MR001
Operational Reporting
83. Supply Application
Types of supply application
A. Supply applications – by load category
• Low Voltage Supply application for load up to 100 kVA without
substation (maximum processing period = 3 weeks provided way
leave is acquired)
• Low Voltage Supply application for load exceeding 100 kVA
requiring substation (maximum processing period = 3 month,
• Low Voltage Supply application for load exceeding 100 kVA
requiring substation (maximum processing period = 3 month,
provided way leave is acquired)
• Medium Voltage Supply (11kV & 33kV) application for load 1MVA –
25MVA (maximum processing period = 3 years, provided way
leave is acquired)
• High Voltage Supply (132kV) application for load exceeding
25MVA (processing period = 3 - 5years, provided way leave is
acquired)
84. Types of supply application
B Mode of supply application – by nature of supply
• New supply
i. Customers that require new service line from the existing supply
mains.
ii. Developers that require new supply mains and services in a
Supply Application
ii. Developers that require new supply mains and services in a
development area.
• Additional supply
Customer that require additional load from the existing supply
mains to cater for any extension.
• Change of tenancy
Termination of old supply contract and registration of new supply
contract at a particular premise with existing supply mains
available.
85. Types of supply application
B Mode of supply application – by nature of supply
• Temporary supply
Customer that require electricity supply for a period less than 6 months
only and intended for purposes of electricity supply for temporary work
site, festival and celebrations.
Supply Application
• Standby supply
Customer that generate electricity supply by themselves and require
synchronization with TNB for additional supply security.
• Co-Generation
Industrial consumers whose processes require electricity and heat or
steam, may plan cogeneration of such energies from suitable plant, and
request synchronization with TNB supply system.
86. Special features of new supply project
• Alternative source of supply
Customer that require an alternative source of supply for added
security.
• Additional feeder
Customer that require additional service feeder for added
Supply Application
Customer that require additional service feeder for added
security.
• HDD technique to lay underground cable
• Installation of compact substation
• Underground service cable design for housing project
91. Application Type
Application Type
Choose the correct type of NC :
Individual Application :
New Connection Process
Application Type :
01 – Individual
07 – Rewiring
(for upgrading ie. 1Ǿ to 3Ǿ)
Project :
02 – Group
04 – Metered Street Light/ Tel Booth
light Group
Project Individual :
03 – Group Individual
05 - Metered Street Light/ Tel Booth
light Group Individual
92. How to create NC ?
New Connection Process
• Goto this Area
Menu.
• Double click
93. Step 1
• Enter <Station Code>
• Choose the correct
<Application Type>
New Connection Process
Note :
1.Group Reference Number
is referring to NC type 2 or
NC Type 4.
2.Customer number is
referring to customer
number created thru NC
Type 2 or NC Type 4.
94. • Step 2
• Choose the correct
Account Type.
New Connection Process
Note :
• 01 – Customer with New IC.
• 02 – Customer with Old
IC/Police ID/Army
ID/Passport
95. • Step 2
• Customer Request Date
– Defaulted to 23 working
days. Why ?
New Connection Process
days. Why ?
• Estimation – 7 days
• Service Installation after
connection charge
paid – 14 days
• Meter Installation after
deposit paid – 2 days
96. Step 2
– For temporary supply :
1.Tick temporary supply
check box.
New Connection Process
check box.
2.Enter Contract End Date
• Submit Date
– Date customer
submitted supply
application form.
97. Choose a valid
New Connection Process
Choose a valid
contactor number.
Note :
Only active
contractors
appears on the
selection list.
98. symbol is a
mandatory field.
Enter :
1.< Customer Name>
2.<IC Number New>
New Connection Process
2.<IC Number New>
3.<Premis Status>
4.<Premis Number>
5.<Street Number>
Note :
Please enter other
information for
reference.
99. Tab Concept
Bill can be sent
by Post. To send
check Bill By Post.
New Connection Process
check Bill By Post.
Enter postal
address
100. Tab Concept
Bill can be sent by
Post.
Enter postal address
New Connection Process
Enter postal address
Enter info in Ref
Contacts tab Director
Info tab.
Note : At least 1
director info must be
keyed in.
101. Site Visit is the stage where all
physical estimation is captured.
Estimation value must be
entered correctly either thru LKKK
or BKKM.
New Connection Process
or BKKM.
Connection charge must be
printed and served upon
completion of data entry for
customer to make payment.
102. At this stage the correct
info must be entered:
Type of work
Customer category
New Connection Process
Customer category
Business Code
Tariff Code
Supply Voltage Code
Average Consumption
103. After connection charge
paid by customer, service
installation must be made.
Work Order 10 for service
installation must be created
New Connection Process
installation must be created
and updated.
Allow user to maintain Work
Order without exiting NC.
Double click Work Order
number in blue color to
maintain Work Order
104. Deposit type divided
into 4:
i. Cash
ii. Bank Guarantee
iii. Cash Bank
New Connection Process
iii. Cash Bank
Guarantee
iv. Exempted
•Exempted Category
105. •Exempted Category
•Corporate Cust Class
New Connection Process
Exempted Category
Staff – 8 digit Staff
Number and Corporate
Cust Class 9991 must be
entered.
Free Unit – Corporate
Cust Class 9992 must be
entered.
106. Klik Save – Work Order 11 diwujudkan
New Connection Process
Klik Yes untuk kemaskini pesanan kerja