The document presents an overview of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), which aims to demonstrate the feasibility of fusion energy for peaceful purposes by producing 500 MW of fusion power with just 50 MW of input. It discusses the need for alternative energy sources, the benefits of nuclear fusion, and the advantages and disadvantages of the ITER project, including its potential environmental impact and safety features. The conclusion emphasizes the promise of fusion as a cleaner and more reliable energy source for the future.

1. COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, AKOLA
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SEMINAR ON
INTERNATIONAL THERMONUCLEAR EXPERIMENTAL
REACTOR (ITER)
PRESENTED BY
MR.MOHD KAMRAN IQBAL
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
PROF. S.B. INGLE
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2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Need for energy
 Sources of energy
 Fusion
 Working
 Objective
 Members
 Timeline
 Safety
 Conclusion 2

3. INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS ITER?
 ITER Stands for International Thermonuclear
Experimental Reactor
 The World is about to construct the next step in
fusion development, a device called ITER
 ITER will demonstrate the scientific and
technological feasibility of fusion energy for
peaceful purposes
 ITER will produce 500 MW of fusion power with in
input power of just 50MW
 Cost, including R&D, is 10 billion Euros
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4. NEED OF ENERGY
 Energy Consumption will exceed current
available sources
 Shortfall must be supplied by alternate
sources.
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5. WHAT SOURCES DO WE HAVE?
 Nuclear Fission
 Fossil Fuels
 Renewable
 Nuclear Fusion
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6. WHAT IS NUCLEAR FUSION?
oNuclear Fusion is the energy-producing process taking
place in the core of the Sun and stars
The core temperature of the Sun is about
15 million °C. At these temperatures hydrogen nuclei
fuse to give Helium and Energy. The energy sustains life
on Earth via sunlight
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7. FUSION REACTIONS
 Tritium – from lithium
(a light metal common in the Earth’s crust)
 Deuterium – from water
(0.02% of all hydrogen is heavy hydrogen
or deuterium)
Deuterium + Tritium → Helium +
Energy
This fusion cycle (which has the fastest
reaction rate) is of interest for Energy
Production
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8. ADVANTAGES OF FUSION ENERGY
 Abundant energy-1 gram of fusion fuels = 8 tons
of oil
 No CO₂
 No long-lived radioactive waste
 Limited risk of proliferation
 Cost
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9. WORKING OF ITER
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10. PLASMA HEATING
We have three heating mechanisms :
 Ohmic heating where the current that passes
trough plasma heats it like the a lamp during its
operation
 Neutral Beam Injection where neutral particles are
injected inside the reactor and give energy to the
particles via collisions
 Radiofrequency Heating where we the plasma in
the same way that we heat our food in a
microwave oven
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11. ITER DESIGN - MAIN FEATURES
Divertor
Central
Solenoid
Outer Intercoil
Structure
Toroidal Field Coil
Poloidal Field Coil
Machine Gravity Supports
Blanket
Module
Vacuum Vessel
Cryostat
Port Plug (IC Heating)
Torus Cryopump
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12. OBJECTIVES
 Produce 500 MW of fusion power
 Demonstrate the integrated operation of
technologies for a fusion power plant
 Achieve a deuterium-tritium plasma in which the
reaction is sustained
 Test tritium breeding
 Demonstrate the safety characteristics of a fusion
device
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13. MEMBERS OF ITER
 The ITER Project:
 ITER Organization & Seven
ITER Members
 The 7 ITER Members make
in-cash and in-kind
contributions to the ITER
Project. They have
established Domestic
Agencies
 The ITER Organization
manages the ITER Project
in close collaboration with
the 7 Domestic Agencies
 The ITER Members share
the intellectual Property
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14. WHEN WILL ITER START?
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15. ITER’S SAFETY
 Except from tritium we do not have any radioactive
materials inside the reactor.
 Any second inside the reactor there is less than a
gram of fuel . The reaction can not continue unless
we have fuel.
 After keeping in safety the components of the
installation for 100 they are as radioactive as a
plant that produces energy from coal.
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16. ADVANTAGES
 ten times the power it consumes
 provide a large-scale energy source with basic fuels
 very low global impact on the environment
 Operation would not require the transport of radio-
active materials
 There is no long-lasting radioactive waste
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17. DISADVANTAGES
 Cost is high
 Long implementation time
 Intense neutron bombardment may damage the
superconducting magnets
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18. CONCLUSION
 Fusion can be alternative for other Non
conventional sources
 Help us to learn more about burning plasma
 Fusion can be the answer for our search of clean
and dependable source of energy for future
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