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iQ2 In a study about children?s pocket money, two samples of schoolchildren were asked how much money they received each week. In one sample, of size 80, the mean is ?6.65. In the other sample, of size 41, the mean is pound 8.21. Calculate the mean based on the combined sample. Give your answer correct to two decimal places. (Do NOT include the pound sign in your answer.) Solution n1=80 x1=6.65 n2=41 x2=8.21 combined mean = (n1*x1+n2*x2)/( n1+n2) =( 80*6.65+41*8.21) /( 80+41) =868.61/121 =7.1785 Combined mean =7.18 ( two decimals).
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Current Directions in PsychologicalScience2015, Vol. 24(4).docx
Current Directions in Psychological
Science
2015, Vol. 24(4) 304 –312
© The Author(s) 2015
Reprints and permissions:
sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav
DOI: 10.1177/0963721415580430
cdps.sagepub.com
Behavior genetics is the study of the manner in which
genetic variation affects psychological phenotypes
(traits), including cognitive abilities, personality, mental
illness, and social attitudes. In a seminal article published
in this journal, Turkheimer (2000) noted three robust
empirical regularities that had by then emerged from the
literature on behavior genetics. He dubbed these regu-
larities the “Three Laws of Behavior Genetics.” They are:
1. All human behavioral traits are heritable. [That is,
they are affected to some degree by genetic
variation.]
2. The effect of being raised in the same family is
smaller than the effect of genes.
3. A substantial portion of the variation in complex
human behavioral traits is not accounted for by
the effects of genes or families.
These observations surprised many outsiders to the
field of behavior genetics at the time, yet they remain an
accurate broad-brush summary of the empirical evidence
15 years later, as shown by a recent meta-analysis of
virtually all twin studies ever conducted (Polderman
et al., 2015). Indeed, they have attained the status of “null
hypotheses”—the most reasonable a priori expectations
to hold in the absence of contrary evidence (Turkheimer,
Pettersson, & Horn, 2014).
The original Three Laws summarized results from stud-
ies of twins, adoptees, and other kinships. These research
designs have many valuable uses, but they cannot discover
particular genomic regions or specific variants that are
causally responsible for downstream phenotypic variation.
Since the completion of the Human Genome Project,
numerous studies of behavioral traits have directly mea-
sured DNA variation among individuals in an attempt to
take this logical next step. While there are many types of
genetic variants, most studies have assayed single-nucleo-
tide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are sites in the genome
where single DNA base pairs carried by distinct individuals
580430CDPXXX10.1177/0963721415580430Chabris et al.The Fourth Law of Behavior Genetics
research-article2015
Corresponding Author:
Christopher F. Chabris, Department of Psychology, Union College, 807
Union St., Schenectady, NY 12308
E-mail: [email protected]
The Fourth Law of Behavior Genetics
Christopher F. Chabris1, James J. Lee2, David Cesarini3,
Daniel J. Benjamin4,5,6, and David I. Laibson7
1Department of Psychology, Union College; 2Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities;
3Department of Economics, New York University; 4Department of Economics, Cornell University; 5Center for
Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California; 6Department of Economics, University of
Southern California; and 7Department of Economics, Harvard University
Abstract
Behavior geneti.
Recommended
Current Directions in PsychologicalScience2015, Vol. 24(4).docx
Current Directions in Psychological
Science
2015, Vol. 24(4) 304 –312
© The Author(s) 2015
Reprints and permissions:
sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav
DOI: 10.1177/0963721415580430
cdps.sagepub.com
Behavior genetics is the study of the manner in which
genetic variation affects psychological phenotypes
(traits), including cognitive abilities, personality, mental
illness, and social attitudes. In a seminal article published
in this journal, Turkheimer (2000) noted three robust
empirical regularities that had by then emerged from the
literature on behavior genetics. He dubbed these regu-
larities the “Three Laws of Behavior Genetics.” They are:
1. All human behavioral traits are heritable. [That is,
they are affected to some degree by genetic
variation.]
2. The effect of being raised in the same family is
smaller than the effect of genes.
3. A substantial portion of the variation in complex
human behavioral traits is not accounted for by
the effects of genes or families.
These observations surprised many outsiders to the
field of behavior genetics at the time, yet they remain an
accurate broad-brush summary of the empirical evidence
15 years later, as shown by a recent meta-analysis of
virtually all twin studies ever conducted (Polderman
et al., 2015). Indeed, they have attained the status of “null
hypotheses”—the most reasonable a priori expectations
to hold in the absence of contrary evidence (Turkheimer,
Pettersson, & Horn, 2014).
The original Three Laws summarized results from stud-
ies of twins, adoptees, and other kinships. These research
designs have many valuable uses, but they cannot discover
particular genomic regions or specific variants that are
causally responsible for downstream phenotypic variation.
Since the completion of the Human Genome Project,
numerous studies of behavioral traits have directly mea-
sured DNA variation among individuals in an attempt to
take this logical next step. While there are many types of
genetic variants, most studies have assayed single-nucleo-
tide polymorphisms (SNPs), which are sites in the genome
where single DNA base pairs carried by distinct individuals
580430CDPXXX10.1177/0963721415580430Chabris et al.The Fourth Law of Behavior Genetics
research-article2015
Corresponding Author:
Christopher F. Chabris, Department of Psychology, Union College, 807
Union St., Schenectady, NY 12308
E-mail: [email protected]
The Fourth Law of Behavior Genetics
Christopher F. Chabris1, James J. Lee2, David Cesarini3,
Daniel J. Benjamin4,5,6, and David I. Laibson7
1Department of Psychology, Union College; 2Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities;
3Department of Economics, New York University; 4Department of Economics, Cornell University; 5Center for
Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California; 6Department of Economics, University of
Southern California; and 7Department of Economics, Harvard University
Abstract
Behavior geneti.
DNA Methylation & C Value.pdf
The Role of Methylation in Gene Expression & The law of DNA constancy and C-value paradox
3902 wileyonlinelibrary.comjournalmec Molecular Ecology.docx
3902 | wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/mec Molecular Ecology. 2019;28:3902–3914.© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
1 | I N T R O D U C T I O N
Maynard‐Smith and Haig (1974) recognized the influence of selection
on linked neutral sites, proposing that strong positive selection could
reduce genetic diversity at nearby sites. This process is now referred
to as a ‘selective sweep’. Much later, Charlesworth, Morgan, and
Charlesworth (1993) proposed that deleterious mutations could also
affect genetic diversity at nearby sites, because some haplotypes
would be removed from the population as selection acts against
linked deleterious alleles. They named this process background se‐
lection (BGS). Both selective sweeps and background selection af‐
fect genetic diversity; they both reduce the effective population size
and distort the site frequency spectrum (SFS) of linked loci. Empirical
evidence of a positive correlation between genetic diversity and
recombination rate has been reported in several species (Cutter &
Payseur, 2013), including Drosophila melanogaster (Begun & Aquadro,
1992; Elyashiv et al., 2016), humans (Spencer et al., 2006), collared
flycatchers, hooded crows and Darwin's finches (Dutoit et al., 2017;
see also Vijay et al., 2017).
BGS is also expected to affect FST (Charlesworth, Nordborg, &
Charlesworth, 1997; Cruickshank & Hahn, 2014; Cutter & Payseur,
2013; Hoban et al., 2016). The negative relationship between effec‐
tive population size Ne and FST is captured in Wright's classical in‐
finite island result; FST =
1
1+4Ne(m+�)
(Wright, 1943), where m is the
migration rate and µ is the mutation rate. One might therefore ex‐
pect that loci under stronger BGS would show higher FST.
Many authors have also argued that, because BGS reduces the
within‐population diversity, it should lead to high FST (Cruickshank
Received: 20 May 2018 | Revised: 19 June 2019 | Accepted: 3 July 2019
DOI: 10.1111/mec.15197
O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E
Background selection and FST: Consequences for detecting
local adaptation
Remi Matthey‐Doret | Michael C. Whitlock
Department of Zoology and Biodiversity
Research Centre, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Correspondence
Remi Matthey‐Doret, Department of
Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Email: [email protected]
Funding information
The work was funded by NSERC
Discovery Grant RGPIN‐2016‐03779 to
MCW and by the Swiss National Science
Foundation via the fellowship Doc.Mobility
P1SKP3_168393 to RMD.
Abstract
Background selection is a process whereby recurrent deleterious mutations cause a
decrease in the effective population size and genetic diversity at linked loci. Several
authors have suggested that variation in the intensity of background selection could
cause variation in FST across the genome, which could confound signals of local ad‐
aptation in genome scans. ...
Evolutionary mechanisms population size, genetic drift, gene flow
Evolutionary mechanisms population size, genetic drift, gene flow
Example OneDiscuss how new discoveries in genetics are contr.docx
Example One
Discuss how new discoveries in genetics are contributing to our understanding of the HIV virus
and how some folks exposed to HIV have been able to escape developing AIDS.
The HIV virus daily infects 14,000 people, however some individuals’ odds of contracting the
virus are very low. Dr. Donald Mosier of the Script Institute was puzzled by this and launched a
genetic study to determine why certain individuals are resistant to the HIV virus. What Dr.
Mosier discovered was the resistant people inherited a deletion mutation that gave them
protection. Within the deletion mutation, the receptor CCR5, is excluded. This deleted section
of the CCR5 receptor functions as a lock, therefore people born with the mutation will not get
the HIV virus. Those individuals that are homozygous – have two copies of the same deletion
gene, are immune to the virus and are protected. Individuals that are heterozygous – have two
different genes – have some protection from HIV because their body have half the “locks.” Dr.
Mosier further studied populations and discovered the deleted mutation was higher in certain
parts of the world and among Caucasians.
Explain the genetic connection between phenotype and genotype discovered by Mendel in the
19th century.
Genetics helps to understand human diversity, not only in today’s world but in the past as well.
When studying genetics it is important to understand the relationship between phenotype and
genotype. A phenotype is defined as an observable physical characteristic whereas a genotype
is the set of specific genes an organism carries (Allen, Anton, Stanford 60). In the video lesson,
Anne Stone commented the phenotype can be impacted by the environment. For example, if
there is not sufficient food or there is disease, this can impact an individual’s height which is a
phenotype. Anthropologist Geneticist Joanna Mountain explained a phenotype can be
“measurements and anything we can describe about a person from appearance to metabolism.”
Utilizing the garden pea plant to conduct his experiment, Gregor Mendel was able to recognize
traits were passed on from parents to offspring. He knew traits were inherited but did not know
how this inheritance worked. Mendel’s Principles of Segregation which states in an organism,
alleles occurs in pairs and when gametes sex cells get produced, alleles separate so each
gamete contains one member of each pair. Further experiments by Mendel lead him to
conclude in a unit of inheritance, meaning offspring received receive genes from each parent.
Theses principles laid the foundation for future scientists to study inheritance.
Vocabulary
Phenotype – observable characteristics; expression of genetic instructions; something you can
measure
Genotype – genetic make-up of an individual; every person has a unique genotype made of
genes inherited from parents
Recessive – a masked trait or covered up
Dominant – mask recessive characteristics
P ...
Genetic factors and periodontal disease
Genetic basis of periodontal disease, Host susceptibility, linkage of genetic susceptibility with periodontal disease
Population genetics
Population genetics is a sub field of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and between populations, and is a part of Evolutionary biology.
An expanded view of complex traits from polygenic to omnigenic
A central goal of genetics is to understand the links between genetic variation and disease. Intuitively,
one might expect disease-causing variants to cluster into key pathways that drive disease
etiology. But for complex traits, association signals tend to be spread across most of the
genome—including near many genes without an obvious connection to disease. We propose
that gene regulatory networks are sufficiently interconnected such that all genes expressed in disease-
relevant cells are liable to affect the functions of core disease-related genes and that most
heritability can be explained by effects on genes outside core pathways. We refer to this hypothesis
as an ‘‘omnigenic’’ model.
A storm warning siren emits sound uniformly in all directions. Along.pdf
A storm warning siren emits sound uniformly in all directions. Along a line that is drawn radially
outward from the sound source (the siren) determine the positions of two points, 0.77 m apart,
such that the intensity level at one point is 4.12 dB greater than the intensity level at the other.
point closer to siren: m
point farther from siren: m
Solution
Power of source = P
INtensity at r1 = I1 = P/4*pi*(r1)^2
Intensity at r2 = I2 = P/4*pi*(r2)^2
Now, 10log(I1/I2) = 4.12
20log(r2/r1) = 4.12
r2/r1 = 1.606
but r2 - r1 = 0.77
so r2 = 1.606(r2 - 0.77) = 1.606 r2 - 1.2366
r2 = 2.04 m
r1 = 1.27 m.
Without using cut, write a predicate split3 that splits a list of i.pdf
With regards to eipdemiology, match the statements in the right column with words or phrases
in the left column. The first reported patient in disease outbreak is called Includes the typical
symptoms of the disease Disease is constantly present in the population Disease producing
microbe Many people acquire disease in an area in a short time The study of the clinical history
of disease Contaminated inanimate objects One only gets this disease when the body is
weakened. Humans harbor pathogen but is not sick nor have symptoms Insects carry pathogen
and may carry it to person\'s good You get an infection from a member with food borne
infection Continual source of infection Person to person contact like STDs The ratio of number
of deaths over the number of folks that are sick Transmission of disease by an arthropod\'s bite
The ratio of the # of folks sick over total population The occurrence of new diseases cases
within defined population Insect and other arthropods are examples Pathoden Reservoir
Epidemiology Index case Case definition Epidemic Endemic Direct contact Incidence
Fomites Vectors Mechanical transmission Biological transmission Carriers Secondary cases
Morbidity rate Mortality rate Non-communicable disease Match the statements in the right
column with words or phrases in the left column. Colony Streak-plate technique Standard Plate
counts Iodine Dimerizes the nucleic acid Large number of bacterial cells on medium visible to
the naked eyes.
Solution
Index Case Case Definition Endemic Pathogen Epidemic Epidemology Fomites Secondary
Cases Carriers Mechanical Transmission Non Communicable Disease Reservoir Direct Contact
Mortality Rate Biological Transmission Morbidity Rate Incidence Vectors.
More Related Content
Similar to It has been observed that F_st increases with the distance between po.pdf
DNA Methylation & C Value.pdf
The Role of Methylation in Gene Expression & The law of DNA constancy and C-value paradox
3902 wileyonlinelibrary.comjournalmec Molecular Ecology.docx
3902 | wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/mec Molecular Ecology. 2019;28:3902–3914.© 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
1 | I N T R O D U C T I O N
Maynard‐Smith and Haig (1974) recognized the influence of selection
on linked neutral sites, proposing that strong positive selection could
reduce genetic diversity at nearby sites. This process is now referred
to as a ‘selective sweep’. Much later, Charlesworth, Morgan, and
Charlesworth (1993) proposed that deleterious mutations could also
affect genetic diversity at nearby sites, because some haplotypes
would be removed from the population as selection acts against
linked deleterious alleles. They named this process background se‐
lection (BGS). Both selective sweeps and background selection af‐
fect genetic diversity; they both reduce the effective population size
and distort the site frequency spectrum (SFS) of linked loci. Empirical
evidence of a positive correlation between genetic diversity and
recombination rate has been reported in several species (Cutter &
Payseur, 2013), including Drosophila melanogaster (Begun & Aquadro,
1992; Elyashiv et al., 2016), humans (Spencer et al., 2006), collared
flycatchers, hooded crows and Darwin's finches (Dutoit et al., 2017;
see also Vijay et al., 2017).
BGS is also expected to affect FST (Charlesworth, Nordborg, &
Charlesworth, 1997; Cruickshank & Hahn, 2014; Cutter & Payseur,
2013; Hoban et al., 2016). The negative relationship between effec‐
tive population size Ne and FST is captured in Wright's classical in‐
finite island result; FST =
1
1+4Ne(m+�)
(Wright, 1943), where m is the
migration rate and µ is the mutation rate. One might therefore ex‐
pect that loci under stronger BGS would show higher FST.
Many authors have also argued that, because BGS reduces the
within‐population diversity, it should lead to high FST (Cruickshank
Received: 20 May 2018 | Revised: 19 June 2019 | Accepted: 3 July 2019
DOI: 10.1111/mec.15197
O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E
Background selection and FST: Consequences for detecting
local adaptation
Remi Matthey‐Doret | Michael C. Whitlock
Department of Zoology and Biodiversity
Research Centre, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Correspondence
Remi Matthey‐Doret, Department of
Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre,
University of British Columbia, Vancouver,
BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Email: [email protected]
Funding information
The work was funded by NSERC
Discovery Grant RGPIN‐2016‐03779 to
MCW and by the Swiss National Science
Foundation via the fellowship Doc.Mobility
P1SKP3_168393 to RMD.
Abstract
Background selection is a process whereby recurrent deleterious mutations cause a
decrease in the effective population size and genetic diversity at linked loci. Several
authors have suggested that variation in the intensity of background selection could
cause variation in FST across the genome, which could confound signals of local ad‐
aptation in genome scans. ...
Evolutionary mechanisms population size, genetic drift, gene flow
Evolutionary mechanisms population size, genetic drift, gene flow
Example OneDiscuss how new discoveries in genetics are contr.docx
Example One
Discuss how new discoveries in genetics are contributing to our understanding of the HIV virus
and how some folks exposed to HIV have been able to escape developing AIDS.
The HIV virus daily infects 14,000 people, however some individuals’ odds of contracting the
virus are very low. Dr. Donald Mosier of the Script Institute was puzzled by this and launched a
genetic study to determine why certain individuals are resistant to the HIV virus. What Dr.
Mosier discovered was the resistant people inherited a deletion mutation that gave them
protection. Within the deletion mutation, the receptor CCR5, is excluded. This deleted section
of the CCR5 receptor functions as a lock, therefore people born with the mutation will not get
the HIV virus. Those individuals that are homozygous – have two copies of the same deletion
gene, are immune to the virus and are protected. Individuals that are heterozygous – have two
different genes – have some protection from HIV because their body have half the “locks.” Dr.
Mosier further studied populations and discovered the deleted mutation was higher in certain
parts of the world and among Caucasians.
Explain the genetic connection between phenotype and genotype discovered by Mendel in the
19th century.
Genetics helps to understand human diversity, not only in today’s world but in the past as well.
When studying genetics it is important to understand the relationship between phenotype and
genotype. A phenotype is defined as an observable physical characteristic whereas a genotype
is the set of specific genes an organism carries (Allen, Anton, Stanford 60). In the video lesson,
Anne Stone commented the phenotype can be impacted by the environment. For example, if
there is not sufficient food or there is disease, this can impact an individual’s height which is a
phenotype. Anthropologist Geneticist Joanna Mountain explained a phenotype can be
“measurements and anything we can describe about a person from appearance to metabolism.”
Utilizing the garden pea plant to conduct his experiment, Gregor Mendel was able to recognize
traits were passed on from parents to offspring. He knew traits were inherited but did not know
how this inheritance worked. Mendel’s Principles of Segregation which states in an organism,
alleles occurs in pairs and when gametes sex cells get produced, alleles separate so each
gamete contains one member of each pair. Further experiments by Mendel lead him to
conclude in a unit of inheritance, meaning offspring received receive genes from each parent.
Theses principles laid the foundation for future scientists to study inheritance.
Vocabulary
Phenotype – observable characteristics; expression of genetic instructions; something you can
measure
Genotype – genetic make-up of an individual; every person has a unique genotype made of
genes inherited from parents
Recessive – a masked trait or covered up
Dominant – mask recessive characteristics
P ...
Genetic factors and periodontal disease
Genetic basis of periodontal disease, Host susceptibility, linkage of genetic susceptibility with periodontal disease
Population genetics
Population genetics is a sub field of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and between populations, and is a part of Evolutionary biology.
An expanded view of complex traits from polygenic to omnigenic
A central goal of genetics is to understand the links between genetic variation and disease. Intuitively,
one might expect disease-causing variants to cluster into key pathways that drive disease
etiology. But for complex traits, association signals tend to be spread across most of the
genome—including near many genes without an obvious connection to disease. We propose
that gene regulatory networks are sufficiently interconnected such that all genes expressed in disease-
relevant cells are liable to affect the functions of core disease-related genes and that most
heritability can be explained by effects on genes outside core pathways. We refer to this hypothesis
as an ‘‘omnigenic’’ model.
Similar to It has been observed that F_st increases with the distance between po.pdf (20)
3902 wileyonlinelibrary.comjournalmec Molecular Ecology.docx
3902 wileyonlinelibrary.comjournalmec Molecular Ecology.docx
Evolutionary mechanisms population size, genetic drift, gene flow
Evolutionary mechanisms population size, genetic drift, gene flow
Example OneDiscuss how new discoveries in genetics are contr.docx
Example OneDiscuss how new discoveries in genetics are contr.docx
An expanded view of complex traits from polygenic to omnigenic
An expanded view of complex traits from polygenic to omnigenic
More from footstatus
A storm warning siren emits sound uniformly in all directions. Along.pdf
A storm warning siren emits sound uniformly in all directions. Along a line that is drawn radially
outward from the sound source (the siren) determine the positions of two points, 0.77 m apart,
such that the intensity level at one point is 4.12 dB greater than the intensity level at the other.
point closer to siren: m
point farther from siren: m
Solution
Power of source = P
INtensity at r1 = I1 = P/4*pi*(r1)^2
Intensity at r2 = I2 = P/4*pi*(r2)^2
Now, 10log(I1/I2) = 4.12
20log(r2/r1) = 4.12
r2/r1 = 1.606
but r2 - r1 = 0.77
so r2 = 1.606(r2 - 0.77) = 1.606 r2 - 1.2366
r2 = 2.04 m
r1 = 1.27 m.
Without using cut, write a predicate split3 that splits a list of i.pdf
With regards to eipdemiology, match the statements in the right column with words or phrases
in the left column. The first reported patient in disease outbreak is called Includes the typical
symptoms of the disease Disease is constantly present in the population Disease producing
microbe Many people acquire disease in an area in a short time The study of the clinical history
of disease Contaminated inanimate objects One only gets this disease when the body is
weakened. Humans harbor pathogen but is not sick nor have symptoms Insects carry pathogen
and may carry it to person\'s good You get an infection from a member with food borne
infection Continual source of infection Person to person contact like STDs The ratio of number
of deaths over the number of folks that are sick Transmission of disease by an arthropod\'s bite
The ratio of the # of folks sick over total population The occurrence of new diseases cases
within defined population Insect and other arthropods are examples Pathoden Reservoir
Epidemiology Index case Case definition Epidemic Endemic Direct contact Incidence
Fomites Vectors Mechanical transmission Biological transmission Carriers Secondary cases
Morbidity rate Mortality rate Non-communicable disease Match the statements in the right
column with words or phrases in the left column. Colony Streak-plate technique Standard Plate
counts Iodine Dimerizes the nucleic acid Large number of bacterial cells on medium visible to
the naked eyes.
Solution
Index Case Case Definition Endemic Pathogen Epidemic Epidemology Fomites Secondary
Cases Carriers Mechanical Transmission Non Communicable Disease Reservoir Direct Contact
Mortality Rate Biological Transmission Morbidity Rate Incidence Vectors.
write a MATLAB GUI program that implements an ultrasound image viewi.pdf
Write a Java application that involves the following functions: A non-recursive method
intPower1(int n, int pow). The first argument is a number that is to be raised to a (non-negative)
power, and the second argument is the power. Do not use any methods of class Math. A
recursive method intPower2(int n, int pow) with the same functionality as above. Put both
methods into one class. The program should ask the user to input the numbers n and pow and
output the results. Name the project Hw4_2
Solution
/*
* To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
* To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
* and open the template in the editor.
*/
package chegg;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Power {
int power1(int n,int pow)
{
int res = 1;
for(int i=1;i<=pow;i++)
res = res*n;
return res;
}
int power2(int n,int pow)
{
if(pow==0)
return 1;
if(pow==1)
return n;
return n*power2(n,pow-1);
}
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Power p = new Power();
int n,pow;
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println(\"Input the value of n : \");
n = input.nextInt();
System.out.println(\"Input the value of pow : \");
pow = input.nextInt();
System.out.println(\"Result of iterative function is : \" + p.power1(n, pow));
System.out.println(\"Result of recursive function is : \" + p.power2(n, pow));
}
}.
With regards to eipdemiology, match the statements in the right colum.pdf
Why might it be necessary for an organization to alter its targeting strategy over time? Use a
specific organizational example in your response.
Solution
the above said is correct, and some times they need to rethink about their decisions. the reason
the complete picture and the situations are different from our assumptions. so, when ever we
thinks that we took a wrong decision, there is nothing wrong to rethink about the strategy.
there are many examples in the history; one is from Bajaj two wheelers in India.
initially they only stick for producing scooters, and they does not go with bikes. but later they
changed their openion and started the production of bikes. they are the third largest two wheeler
seller in Indian market.
so,when the time comes one has to evaluate and analyse his strategies and if he finds any gaps or
problems he can change them..
Which of these are temperamental dimensionsoptionsAvoidant, re.pdf
Which of the following signals induces the disassembly of the nuclear lamina?
Phosphorylation by a mitotic kinase
Activation of a small GTPase
Fragmentation of the nuclear envelope
A conformational change in lamin A
DNA condensation
Solution
fragmentation of nuclear envelope signals induces the disassembly of the nuclear lamina.
Which of the following can cause OLS estimators to be biased Hetero.pdf
Which of the following best defines transaction persistence?
A. Database transactions should be all or nothing to protect the integrity of the database.
B. The database should be in a consistent state, and there should not be a risk of integrity
problems.
C. The database should be the same before and after a transaction has occurred.
D. Databases should be available to multiple users at the same time without endangering the
integrity of the data
Solution
B. Transaction persistence means that the state of the database security is the same after a
transaction has occurred. In addition, there is no risk of integrity problems. Answer A is incorrect
because it does not define transaction persistence. Answer C is wrong because transaction
persistence does not state that the database should be the same before and after a transaction.
Answer D is incorrect because even though databases should be available to multiple users at the
same time without endangering the integrity of the data, that fact is not a definition of transaction
persistence.
what is the relationship between capsular type of H. influenza and p.pdf
What is the name of the variable which contains a list of the arguments passed in to a script
during execution, along with the name of the script? Which command will return the length of
the str variable \"x\"? size(x) len(x) length(x) nchar(x) Which command will return the length
of the list variable \"y\"? size(y) len(y) length(y) nrow(y)
Solution
20.which command will return the length of the str variable \"x\"
Answer:len(x)
The method len() returns the length of the string
21.which command will return the length of the list variable \"y
Answer:len(y)
this method Gives the total length of the list..
What is the curve classification of ...I am working on the analysi.pdf
What is going to be the output of the following program: #include int main(void){int a = 0, b =
0; struct department{int did; int gst; int ugst;}; struct university{int state_rank; char
name[10]; struct department ndpt[3];}NDSU; NDSU = {1, {\'N\', \'D\', \'S\', \'U\'}, {1, 10, 200,
2, 20, 300, 3, 30, 400}}; for(int i = 0; i
Solution
There is an error in the program. NDSU is a data type(user defined), and therefore cannot be
initialized.
But after a minute modifications, the output is explained in the comments part:
#include
int main(void)
{
int a = 0, b = 0;
struct department //Declares a structure department.
{
int did;
int gst;
int ugst;
};
struct university //Declares a structure university.
{
int state_rank;
char name[10];
struct department ndpt[3];
}NDSU = {1, {\'N\', \'D\', \'S\', \'U\'}, {1, 10, 200, 2, 20, 300, 3, 30, 400}}; //Initializes the
university structure.
//State_rank = 1.
//name = \"NDSU\".
//With 3 departments.
//Department 1: did = 1, gst = 10, ugst = 200.
//Department 2: did = 2, gst = 20, ugst = 300.
//Department 3: did = 3, gst = 30, ugst = 400.
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++) //For each department value.
{
a = a + NDSU.ndpt[i].gst; //Sum up the gst values to a. 10 + 20 + 30
b = a + NDSU.ndpt[i].ugst; //Sum of a and ugst value is overwritten to b. First time its, 10 +
200. Second time its, 30 + 300. Finally its 60 + 400 = 460 is stored.
}
printf(\"%d and %d\ \", a/3, b/3); //Prints the average gst, and ugst values: 20, and 153.
return 0;
}.
Water is essential to all living organisms. Discuss THREE properties .pdf
Verified the following trig identities and show all work.
csc4 t-cot4 t = csc2t+cot2 t
cosB/1-sinB = secB+tanB
1/csc y-cot y = csc y + cot y
Cot 4u-1/cot 4u+1 = 1-tan 4u/1+tan 4u
(sec t + tan t)2 = 1+sin t / 1-sin t
Cos3x –sin3x /cos x-sin x = 1+sin x cos x
Csc x /1+csc x – csc x/ 1-csc x= 2sec2 x
(1-tan2 theta)2 = sec4 theta – 4 tan2 theta
Solution
1)csc4t-cot4t
a2-b2=(a-b)(a+b)
=(csc2t-cot2t)(csc2t+cot2t)
=1*(csc2t+cot2t)
=csc2t+cot2t
2)cosB/1-sinB
multiply and divide by (1+sinB)
=cosB(1+sinB)/((1-sinB)(1+sinB))
=cosB(1+sinB)/(1-sin2B)
=cosB(1+sinB)/(cos2B)
=(1+sinB)/cosB
=(1/cosB)+(sinB/cosB)
=secB+tanB.
tree to answer question 2. n Arabidopsis arenosa Arabidopsis halleri .pdf
Toxaphene is an insecticide that has been identified as a pollutant in the Great Lakes ecosystem.
To investigate the effect of toxaphene exposure on animals, groups of rats were given toxaphene
in their diet. The article “Reproduction Study of Toxaphene in the Rat” (J. of Environ. Sci.
Health, 1988: 101-126) reports weight gains (in grams) for rats given a low dose (4 ppm) and for
control rats whose diet did not include the insecticide. The sample standard deviation for 23
female control rats was 32 g and for 20 female low-dose rats was 54 g. Does this data suggest
that there is more variability in low-dose weight gains than in control weight gains? Assuming
normality, carry out a test of hypotheses at significance level .05
For this problem, make a two-sided t interval & perform an F test for the ratio of variance, &
create a confidence interval for the ratio of the variance.
Solution.
The plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa is a gram negative that attach.pdf
The number of passengers (including the driver) in cars that cross a certain bridge is a random
variable Y having mean E(Y) = 2.7 and variance V(Y) = 1.2. The toll on the bridge is $3.00 per
car plus $0.50 per person in the car. The mean and variance of the total amount of money that is
collected from a car that crosses the bridge are:
(a) mean = $8.60, variance = $.30
(b) mean = $4.35, variance = $3.30
(c) mean = $8.60, variance = $.60
(d) mean = $4.35, variance = $.30
(e) mean = $1.35, variance = $.30
Solution
The amount they pay in terms of Y is
A = 3.00 + 0.50Y
Thus,
E(A) = E(3.00 + 0.50Y) = 3.00 + 0.50E(Y) = 3.00 + 0.50*2.7
E(A) = 4.35
Also,
Var(A) = Var(3.00 + 0.50Y) = 0.50^2 Var(Y) = 0.50^2 * 1.2
Var(A) = 0.30
Thus, it is OPTION D. [ANSWER, D].
The region labeled with the letter B is transcribed into mRNA True.pdf
the projected number of households( in millions) with digital video records thats allow viewers
to record shows onto a server and skip commercials are in the following 5. The projected number
of households (in millions) with digital video recorders that allow viewers to record shows onto a
server and skip commercials are given in the following table: Year Households 31.2 a) Let t = 0
correspond to the beginning of 2006, and use QuadReg to find a second- 2010 130.2 2006 2008
71.6 2009 97.0 2007 49.0 degree polynomial regression model based on the given data. (2 pts) b)
Using your regression equation, find the number of households in 2008. (2 pts) c) Using your
regression equation, find the number of households in 2013. (2 pts)
Solution
a)
Using technology to get the best quadratic fit,
y^ = 2.4t^2 + 15t + 31.4 [answer]
where y^ = predicted number of housholds.
b)
Plugging in t = 2 to y^ above,
y^ = 2.4(2)^2 + 15(2) + 31.4 = 71 [answer]
c)
Plugging in y = 7 above,
y^ = 2.4(7)^2 + 15(7) + 31.4 = 254 [answer].
The positron decay of 15 o goes directly to the ground state of,15 N;.pdf
The plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa is a gram negative that attaches to surfaces and forms a
biofilm in host plants. Which of the following typically triggers an immune response?
a)
Pili
b)
Teichoic
acid
c)
LPS
d)
EPS
Solution
Ans--(C) : LPS
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the predominant macromolecule displayed on the cell surface of
Gram-negative bacteria and thus mediates bacterial interactions with the environment and
potential hosts Utilizing a mutant that produces truncated O antigen we present results that link
this LPS structural alteration to a significant decrease in the attachment of X,Xylella fastidiosa is
a plant pathogenic bacterium that lives inside the host xylem vessels where it forms biofilm
believed to be responsible for disrupting the passage of water and nutrients..
a) What is the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance and how was it deter.pdf
a) What is the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance and how was it determined? (SHOW WORK
& EXPLAIN)
b) Describe the contributions of Sutton, Boveri, McClung, Stevens, Wilson and Morgan to
determining that genetic information is carried on chromosomes. (SHOW WORK & EXPLAIN)
c) Describe the XX-XO, XX-XY and ZZ-ZW mechanisms of sex determination and give
examples of organisms that use each mechanism. (SHOW WORK & EXPLAIN)
d) How does the environment affect sexual phenotype in turtles and alligators? (SHOW WORK
& EXPLAIN)
Solution
a) Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance is a fundamental theory of genetics.Thomas Hunt
Morgan establishes the Chromosomal theory of heredity.In 1907 Morgan was based on
experiments by using Drosphila melanogaster or fruit flies. Drosphila have red eyes.Red eye
colour is dominant.Morgan discovered a recessive mutation that caused white eyes.
B) Boveri-Sutton chromosome theory identifies chromosomes as the carriers of genetic material
which states that chromosomes carry the unit of heredity.
McClung : A zoologist studied the behaviour of chromosomes in the sex cells and discovered the
sex determining chromosome.
Stevens: Stevens was interested in the process of sex determination.
Morgan proposed the Chromosomal Theory of Heredity by using a common fruit fly.
C) Sex determination is a biological system that determines the development of sexual
characteristics.
XX-XO types : In this type females have two homomorphic sex chromosomes XX ,male have
one sex chromosome XO. This type of sex determination seen in cockroaches.
XX-XY : This sex determination occurs in human beings.Females have two identical
homologous sex chromosome XX and males have XY.
ZZ-ZW : Females carry two types of sex chromosome ZW heterogametic and males carry ZZ
homogametic. This type of sex determination occurs in fishes reptiles.
D) Sex determination in reptiles are classified into two categories that is genotypic sex
determination and temperature dependent. Environmental sex determination in which
temperature is a crucial factor in embryonic development. In many turtle species eggs from
cooler nests hatch males and from warmer nests hatch the females..
QuestionProblem 1 In a source file carddeck.cpp, provide an impl.pdf
Question 8 2
Solution
The term is economies of scale
Economies of scale refer to the cost advantages that a firm can enjoy when the volume of
production increases, in the long run. Economies of scale mean that costs per unit of output
decrease when output is expanded while output proportions are kept constant..
provide a brief definition of self assemblySolutionMolecular s.pdf
Prove that the chromatic number of a cycle graph_n of odd length equals 3.
Solution
Chromatic Number: The chromatic number of a graph G is the least k for which a k-coloring of
G exists.
First note that the chromatic number must be at least 2 for any graph which has an edge in it,
including all cycles. We now prove the theorem by induction on n. We will consider two base
cases, C3 and C4. C3 is isomorphic to K3 which has chromatic number 3. C4 can be colored
with two colors by giving opposing corners of the square the same color. For n > 4, we can take
a coloring of Cn-2 and insert 2 adjacent vertices and edges and then color the new vertices
appropriately to get a coloring of Cn. Thus the chromatic number of Cn is not greater than that of
Cn-2. In the case where n is odd, note that if Cn had chromatic number 2, we could remove two
adjacent vertices and edges to get a 2-coloring of Cn-2 which contradicts the inductive
hypothesis since n-2 must be odd if n is odd. Therefore for odd numbers the chromatic number
will be 2+1 = 3..
Match the Statements below with bacteriological tests. Eosin-methyle.pdf
Many non-scientists have focused their criticism of evolution on the fact that even scientists have
criticized Darwin’s theory. Is this true? In what respect did Darwin get it wrong, or maybe in
what way has Darwin’s theory been modified?
Solution
The \"Origin of Species\" of Darwin described about the heritable change in an organism over a
period of time due to natural selection. Scientists also criticized of Danwin\'s opinion on use and
disuse theory. At the time of Origin of species, Darwin do not know about the existed of
microorganisms and his theory of tree of life became wrong. Pangenesis theory of Darwin also
became wrong as he do not know anything about genetics..
Many non-scientists have focused their criticism of evolution on the.pdf
M2-13 Identifying Transactions and Preparing Journal Entries [LO 2-3] J.K. Builders was
incorporated on July 1 a. Received $83,000 cash invested by owners and issued common stock.
b. Bought an unused field from a local farmer by paying $73,000 cash. As a construction site for
smaller projects, it is estimated to be worth $78,000 to J.K. Builders c. Alumber supplier
delivered lumber supplies to J.K. Builders for future use. The lumber supplies would have
normally sold for $23,000, but the supplier gave J.K. Builders a 10 percent discount. J.K.
Builders has not yet received the $20,700 bill from the supplier d. Borrowed $38,000 from the
bank with a plan to use the funds to build a small workshop in August. The loan must be repaid
in two years. e. One of the owners sold $23,000 worth of his common stock to another
shareholder for $24,000 Prepare journal entries for the above transactions from the first month of
business. (If no entry is required fora transactionlevent, selec \"No Journal Entry Required\" in
the first account field.)
Solution
Ref Account Debit Credit a Cash 83000 Common stock 83000 b Land 73000 Cash
73000 c Lumber supplies 20700 Accounts payable 20700 d cash 38000 Notes
payable 38000 e No entry.
Let R be an integral domain and F a field such that R is a subring of.pdf
Let f(x), g(x), h(x), epsilon F[x] such that f(x) does not equal 0. Prove that: If f(x) | g(x) and f(x) |
[g(x)^2 +h(x)], then f(x). Hint: g(x)^2 = g(x) * g(x)
Solution
given f(x) | g(x)
=>g(x)=k.f(x)
=>g(x)2=k2.f(x)2
=>g(x)2=l.f(x) eq1 where l=k2.f(x)
and
f(x) | [g(x)^2 +h(x)]
=>[g(x)^2 +h(x)]=m.f(x) eq2
eq2-eq1
=>h(x)=(l-m)f(x)=p.f(x) where p=l-m
there fore f(x)|h(x)
then f(x). Hint: g(x)^2 = g(x) * g(x).
Judith, Martha, and Sophia are organizing their backpacks. While org.pdf
JavaScript
1.) Write code that computes the sum of the values stored in an integer array named myArray
(you can assume that the array exists and already has values in it).
2.) Write code that computes the average of the values stored in an integer array named myArray
(you can assume that the array exists and already has values in it)
Solution
Question 1:
var sum = 0;
for(var i=0; i.
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