Istanbul
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Istanbul has a long history as a settlement dating back to 3000 BC. In the 7th century BC, Greek settlers founded the city of Byzantium at the site, naming it after their leader Byzas. Constantine the Great made Byzantium the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire in AD 306 and renamed it Constantinople. The city grew to become a major cultural and economic center but was weakened by repeated attacks over centuries. In 1453, the Ottoman Turks conquered Constantinople under Mehmet II and renamed it Istanbul, establishing it as the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Istanbul remains a thriving metropolis today with over 13.6 million residents across its European and Asian sides.
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This document summarizes the social structure of medieval Europe between the 9th and 16th centuries. It describes the three main social orders of clergy, nobility, and peasants. The clergy comprised the Catholic church and directed the religious life of communities. The nobility were landed owners who held manorial estates worked by peasant villeins or serfs. Peasants lived and worked on manors, providing labor and paying taxes and fees to lords. The document also outlines the rise of knights, monastic orders, and the environmental and economic crisis of the 14th century plague that weakened the feudal system and allowed more powerful monarchs to consolidate their rule.
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The document summarizes the disastrous 14th century for the Byzantine Empire, which saw constant civil wars weaken its territories and defenses. The inept ruler Andronicus II presided over losses of territory in Anatolia, Thrace, and to foreign merchants. His grandson Andronicus III eventually took over but more civil wars erupted. The Empire continued to lose lands to invaders while factions fought each other. By the late 14th century, the once mighty Byzantine Empire had shrunk significantly and become a vassal to the powerful Ottoman Sultan, marking its demise.
Middle east ottoman empire
The Ottoman Empire began in 1299 in Turkey and lasted over 600 years, becoming one of the largest and most powerful empires in history. It grew rapidly by conquering neighboring lands and allowing conquered peoples to maintain their own cultures and religions as long as they paid taxes. The empire reached its peak under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, controlling territory from Hungary to the Persian Gulf. However, it began declining after his death, and was weakened by nationalism and debt, culminating in its defeat in World War I when the Ottoman lands were divided among Allied powers.
Middle east ottoman empire
The Ottoman Empire began in 1299 in Turkey and lasted over 600 years, becoming one of the largest and most powerful empires in history. It grew rapidly by conquering neighboring lands and allowing conquered peoples to maintain their own cultures and religions as long as they paid taxes. The empire reached its peak under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century, controlling territory from Hungary to the Persian Gulf. However, it began declining after his death, and was weakened by nationalism and debt, culminating in its defeat in World War I when the Ottoman lands were divided among Allied powers.
Show bible
This document provides background information on Constantinople and the Ottoman Empire leading up to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453. It summarizes the political instability in Constantinople under the new emperor Constantine XI, including his rivalry with his brother Demetrios. It also describes the rise of Mehmet II as the new leader of the Ottoman Empire who was destined to lead the attack on Constantinople. The document outlines plans for a TV series telling the story from both the Byzantine and Ottoman perspectives leading up to and including the final battle in 1453.
Quiz about history
A quiz about monuments and archaeological sites, main historical events and local history. Project Erasmus+ (Bulgaria, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, Turkey) and about the cities of Istanbul, Kulupenai,Pobiedizka, Rhodes και Svishtov
Pp#1 peoplesandempires
Constantinople was founded by Roman emperor Constantine I in 330 AD after he defeated Maxentius and adopted Christianity. It served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire and was an important center of trade and culture due to its strategic location between Europe and Asia. In 1453, Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II conquered Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul, establishing it as the capital of the new Ottoman Empire.
Pp#1 peoplesandempires
Constantinople was founded by Roman emperor Constantine I in 330 AD after he defeated Maxentius and adopted Christianity. It served as the capital of the Byzantine Empire and was an important center of trade and culture due to its strategic location between Europe and Asia. In 1453, Ottoman Sultan Mehmet II conquered Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul, establishing it as the capital of the new Ottoman Empire.
Istanbul Presentation
Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, located on both the European and Asian continents. It has a long history serving as the capital of various empires. Some of Istanbul's most prominent landmarks include Hagia Sophia, the Blue Mosque, Topkapi Palace, and the Grand Bazaar. Istanbul offers a blend of both modern culture and a wealth of historic sites dating back to ancient Roman and Byzantine times.
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Created by María Jesús Campos, teacher of Social Studies, Geography and History in a bilingual section in Madrid (Spain)
Rise and Fall of Byzantium
The Byzantine Empire lasted more than a thousand years and kept Roman politics, art, architecture, engineering, learning and military tactics alive. It acted as a buffer between the Muslim controlled Middle East and Christian Europe throughout the Dark Ages, and also allowed for the safe keeping of knowledge that helped incubate the Renaissance. Furthermore, it directly contributed to the emergence of the Crusades, which influenced Middle East/European politics and Christian/Muslim interactions through the present day.
U1.early middle ages
The document provides information about the history of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It discusses the establishment of Germanic kingdoms across Europe as the Western Roman Empire collapsed, including the Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula. The document also examines the division of the Roman Empire in 395 into Western and Eastern halves, with the Eastern Empire surviving as the Byzantine Empire based in Constantinople until 1453.
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Istanbul
- 1. Istanbul Made by: Benedict (Viktor) Gombocz
- 2. Founding What is now known as Asian Istanbul is believed to have been settled as early as 3000 B.C. In the 7th century, Greek settlers led by King Byzas founded the colony of Byzantium, Greek for a city on the Bosphorus. Byzas selected the area after seeking permission from a prophet of Delphi who encouraged him to explore across from the “land of the blind ones.” Without a doubt, Byzas determined, prior explorers had to have lost their sight to have ignored this superb location as the Bosphorus canal’s mouth. Because history has presented the location of Istanbul as a significant way beyond what these prior Greek explorers may have likely envisioned, this verified a fortunate decision by Byzas. Byzas gave the city his name: Byzantium.
- 3. Under Roman occupation In the early 100’s B.C., Byzantium became part of the Roman Empire; in 306 A.D., Emperor Constantine the Great made it capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, from which point the city was renamed Constantinople. The mid-400’s A.D. was a period of massive disturbance in the empire. While Barbarians conquered the western Roman Empire, the Eastern, also known as the Byzantine Empire, kept Constantinople as its capital. Anti-government uprisings demolished the city in 532 during Justinian I’s rule. The city was rebuilt; marvelous monuments, including Hagia Sophia, stand as memorials to the heights Byzantine culture achieved.
- 4. Byzantine Empire under Justinian I and Hagia Sophia
- 5. Attacks The characteristic that made Constantinople so popular, its unrivaled location for trade and transportation between three different continents, also proved to be its doom. Over the next several hundred years, Persians, Arabs, nomadic peoples, and members of the Fourth Crusade (who reigned Constantinople for a while) attacked the city.
- 6. Fourth Crusade attack on Constantinople
- 7. Invasions and Battles At last, in 1453, when Constantinople was so weakened by almost repeated invasions and battles, the Ottoman Turks under Sultan Mehmet II’s leadership successfully conquered the city. Renamed Istanbul, the city became the third and final capital of the Ottoman Empire. Istanbul was the nerve core for military battles to expand the Ottoman Empire dramatically. By the mid-1500’s, Istanbul, with a population of nearly half a million, was a key cultural, political, and business center. Ottoman rule persisted well until the Ottoman Empire’s defeat in World War I and the subsequent Allied occupation of Istanbul.
- 8. The Ottoman Empire under Suleiman I the Magnificent in 1580 and the Ottoman Empire at its greatest climax
- 9. The Ottoman Empire in WWI and the Allied Occupation of Istanbul
- 10. Post-World War I When the Republic of Turkey was established in 1923 following the Turkish War of Independence, Kemal Mustafa Atatürk moved the capital from Istanbul to the city of Ankara. The city of Istanbul continues to expand remarkably; today, it has a population of well over 13.6 million residents and enlarges with an approximation of 700,000 refugees every year. Even as tourism has increased, industry has expanded. Istanbul remains a city that makes its own history at the point where two continents cross: Europe and Asia.
- 11. Map of Istanbul
- 12. Districts of Istanbul Some of Istanbul’s fascinating districts include Sultanahmet, Haydarpasa, Uskudar, Eyup, Galata, Pera, Ortaköy, Taksim, Eminönü, Fatih, Balat, and The Bosphorus. Princess Islands are an admired summer attraction for locals.
- 13. Aerial view of the Princess Islands and map of the Princess Islands