1) Water issues in megaregions involve complex challenges due to their large spatial scale, which crosses political, cultural, and regulatory boundaries.
2) Megaregions have increased diversity, complexity, and quantity of water problems compared to smaller regions, as problems and solutions may not apply uniformly across their areas.
3) While the issues themselves are not new, the large scale of megaregions exacerbates existing challenges related to water management, planning, and leadership. Developing best practices is needed to adequately address water issues at this scope.
The document discusses the importance of groundwater in South Los Angeles County. It describes how groundwater is formed, accessed via wells, and managed by the Water Replenishment District (WRD). Key points include: groundwater levels dropped alarmingly in the 1900s due to unregulated pumping; WRD now replenishes basins, monitors water quality, and addresses issues like seawater intrusion. Through these efforts, groundwater levels have risen and the region has gained drought protection and a more cost-effective water supply.
WRD - The Importance of Groundwater in Southern Los Angeles CountyContract Cities
Groundwater provides 40% of the total water demand for over 4 million people in an area of 420 square miles in Southern Los Angeles County. The Water Replenishment District of Southern California manages two major groundwater basins and works to replenish groundwater supplies through spreading grounds, monitor water quality and levels, and implement conservation programs to protect this critical local water source. Historical overdraft in the 1900s-1950s caused water levels to plunge and wells to go dry, demonstrating the importance of the District's active basin management.
This document discusses how the drought has affected Dow Chemical Company's business operations in Texas. It focuses on four Dow sites - Freeport, Seadrift-Victoria, Texas City, and Deer Park. At the Freeport site, which sources freshwater from the Brazos River, water quantity and quality were major issues during the drought. Dow Freeport has senior water rights but is still working on mitigation projects. The Seadrift-Victoria site sources from a stressed basin and also faced water quality and volume issues. Both sites are actively working on projects. The Texas City and Deer Park sites purchased water that was less impacted by the drought. The document provides details on Dow's large Freep
NC River Basin Scavenger Hunt with responsesDwayne Squires
The document summarizes responses to questions about river basins and watersheds. It describes how water moves through river basins and watersheds, collecting pollutants as it flows across land and underground. It also discusses issues like flooding, water quality, and citizen efforts to monitor and restore local rivers and streams. The French Broad River basin in North Carolina is used as an example, noting it is composed of several interconnected sub-basins that drain into the French Broad, Pigeon, and Nolichucky Rivers.
The document discusses North Carolina's river basins and their importance. It explains that a river basin is the area of land that drains into a river system. It notes that there are 17 major river basins in North Carolina, with 5 draining into the Mississippi River and the rest draining into the Atlantic Ocean. The health of river systems is directly related to human activities on the surrounding land.
The document provides information about World Water Day, which is celebrated annually on March 22nd to raise awareness about the importance of fresh water. It discusses the current issues around global water scarcity, highlighting that over 1 billion people lack access to clean drinking water. 21 ways to conserve water at home are suggested, such as taking shorter showers, fixing leaks, and using water-wise plants in landscaping. The document also examines past water conflicts and predicts increased tensions over water resources in the future if issues of scarcity, pollution, and sustainability are not adequately addressed.
This document discusses pollution of California's coastline from various sources and its negative environmental effects. It identifies the main types of pollution as runoff from cities, trash from beach visitors, pollution from cargo ships, and air pollution. Runoff introduces bacteria that harms ecosystems and human health. Trash kills and sickens wildlife that ingest it. Cargo ship accidents cause major oil spills that damage habitats and coastlines. Air pollution produces smog that impacts both coastal and inland areas. Overall, the document examines how different types of pollution contaminate California's coast and degrade its coastal environments.
The document discusses environmental issues related to groundwater in Lahore, Pakistan. It notes that groundwater levels in the city have declined significantly from 15-16 feet at its founding to over 100 feet currently due to overextraction to meet the needs of Lahore's growing population. This overpumping has led to saltwater intrusion and deterioration of groundwater quality. Untreated wastewater discharged into the Ravi River also pollutes the groundwater supply. The study aims to evaluate threats to groundwater in urban areas like Lahore and recommend mitigation measures for groundwater management.
The document discusses the importance of groundwater in South Los Angeles County. It describes how groundwater is formed, accessed via wells, and managed by the Water Replenishment District (WRD). Key points include: groundwater levels dropped alarmingly in the 1900s due to unregulated pumping; WRD now replenishes basins, monitors water quality, and addresses issues like seawater intrusion. Through these efforts, groundwater levels have risen and the region has gained drought protection and a more cost-effective water supply.
WRD - The Importance of Groundwater in Southern Los Angeles CountyContract Cities
Groundwater provides 40% of the total water demand for over 4 million people in an area of 420 square miles in Southern Los Angeles County. The Water Replenishment District of Southern California manages two major groundwater basins and works to replenish groundwater supplies through spreading grounds, monitor water quality and levels, and implement conservation programs to protect this critical local water source. Historical overdraft in the 1900s-1950s caused water levels to plunge and wells to go dry, demonstrating the importance of the District's active basin management.
This document discusses how the drought has affected Dow Chemical Company's business operations in Texas. It focuses on four Dow sites - Freeport, Seadrift-Victoria, Texas City, and Deer Park. At the Freeport site, which sources freshwater from the Brazos River, water quantity and quality were major issues during the drought. Dow Freeport has senior water rights but is still working on mitigation projects. The Seadrift-Victoria site sources from a stressed basin and also faced water quality and volume issues. Both sites are actively working on projects. The Texas City and Deer Park sites purchased water that was less impacted by the drought. The document provides details on Dow's large Freep
NC River Basin Scavenger Hunt with responsesDwayne Squires
The document summarizes responses to questions about river basins and watersheds. It describes how water moves through river basins and watersheds, collecting pollutants as it flows across land and underground. It also discusses issues like flooding, water quality, and citizen efforts to monitor and restore local rivers and streams. The French Broad River basin in North Carolina is used as an example, noting it is composed of several interconnected sub-basins that drain into the French Broad, Pigeon, and Nolichucky Rivers.
The document discusses North Carolina's river basins and their importance. It explains that a river basin is the area of land that drains into a river system. It notes that there are 17 major river basins in North Carolina, with 5 draining into the Mississippi River and the rest draining into the Atlantic Ocean. The health of river systems is directly related to human activities on the surrounding land.
The document provides information about World Water Day, which is celebrated annually on March 22nd to raise awareness about the importance of fresh water. It discusses the current issues around global water scarcity, highlighting that over 1 billion people lack access to clean drinking water. 21 ways to conserve water at home are suggested, such as taking shorter showers, fixing leaks, and using water-wise plants in landscaping. The document also examines past water conflicts and predicts increased tensions over water resources in the future if issues of scarcity, pollution, and sustainability are not adequately addressed.
This document discusses pollution of California's coastline from various sources and its negative environmental effects. It identifies the main types of pollution as runoff from cities, trash from beach visitors, pollution from cargo ships, and air pollution. Runoff introduces bacteria that harms ecosystems and human health. Trash kills and sickens wildlife that ingest it. Cargo ship accidents cause major oil spills that damage habitats and coastlines. Air pollution produces smog that impacts both coastal and inland areas. Overall, the document examines how different types of pollution contaminate California's coast and degrade its coastal environments.
The document discusses environmental issues related to groundwater in Lahore, Pakistan. It notes that groundwater levels in the city have declined significantly from 15-16 feet at its founding to over 100 feet currently due to overextraction to meet the needs of Lahore's growing population. This overpumping has led to saltwater intrusion and deterioration of groundwater quality. Untreated wastewater discharged into the Ravi River also pollutes the groundwater supply. The study aims to evaluate threats to groundwater in urban areas like Lahore and recommend mitigation measures for groundwater management.
This document provides an overview of issues related to transboundary waters. It discusses how water resources are shared across political boundaries, and analyzes the relationship between water and conflicts or cooperation among states. The document examines empirical evidence on factors that increase tensions or promote cooperation over water. It also explores international relations theories and legal frameworks regarding shared water resources. Finally, it discusses challenges and opportunities for managing transboundary waters in a context of global change.
The new GEF assistance is designed to address the three highest priority transboundary problems in the Black Sea: eutrophication, discharge of toxic substances including oil, and loss of critical habitats. It provides two regional projects for the Black Sea and Danube River basins, as well as country-related investment projects. The goals are to reduce nutrient levels to allow ecosystem recovery, establish monitoring methods, and further assess nutrient loads and ecological status. A range of indicators are proposed to monitor nutrients and their effects, including chemical concentrations, biological parameters, and physical measurements. An implementation process is outlined to agree on indicators, undertake pilot monitoring, and incorporate them into the Black Sea monitoring program.
Trace Element and Nutrient Concentrations Across An Anthropogenic Gradient 4t...Adrian Alvarez
1) Water samples were collected from Webster Duck Pond in Syracuse, NY along an anthropogenic gradient from a disturbed area near visitor facilities to a more natural, spring-fed area.
2) Phosphorus and iron and manganese concentrations were higher in samples taken near the disturbed area, likely due to duck waste, while other trace elements did not vary.
3) This provides a real-world example of how human activities can increase phosphorus levels and change pond water chemistry from oxic to more anoxic conditions near the disturbed shoreline.
- Seven of nine watersheds studied in the Peruvian Andes have crossed a critical threshold where dry season river discharge is decreasing due to diminished glacier meltwater.
- Households near glacial rivers have reported negative impacts on their livelihoods from climate change effects like more extreme weather, shifting water variability, and declining water supplies in the dry season.
- As glaciers recede in the region, political and resource conflicts are emerging around competing demands for scarce water between urban, agricultural, hydroelectric, and local uses - tensions that are expected to increase as environmental and social impacts intensify over coming decades.
20141031 pud-eng-odu lake gaston-seminar2014-leahy-projecthistory-final (2)shawnjr043
This document summarizes information presented by Thomas M. Leahy about the Lake Gaston water transfer project. It discusses how Virginia Beach needed a new water supply, pursued the Lake Gaston project to transfer 60 million gallons per day from the Roanoke River Basin via a 76 mile pipeline, and the extensive permitting and environmental review process over 15 years to approve the project. It also compares past and current costs of the Lake Gaston project versus alternative water sources like desalination and wastewater reuse.
Ronald T. Green, Ph.D., P.G., F. Paul Bertetti, P.G.,
and Nathanial Toll Geosciences and Engineering Division Southwest Research Institute® Presented on behalf of the Irrigation Panel - TWCA Annual Convention 2015
The document discusses issues related to water and health, including the hydrologic cycle, water scarcity, water contaminants, and regulations. It notes that over 97% of the world's water is salty and located in oceans, while the remaining 3% of freshwater is mostly locked in ice caps. Freshwater supplies are limited and many regions currently face or will face water stress due to population growth and climate change effects. Contaminants from human and agricultural activities threaten water quality and safety. Regulations like the Safe Drinking Water Act aim to protect public health by regulating contaminants in drinking water.
Human civilizations have long depended on rivers for survival, with early civilizations in regions like Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China developing along major river valleys. However, as human populations and activities have increased, they have placed growing stress on rivers through activities like water extraction, waste dumping, and infrastructure development. This has degraded river ecosystems and impacted their ability to provide services. Parameters like water flow, sediment levels, pollution, and biodiversity are used to measure a river's health and the human impacts on it. The case of the Yamuna River in India illustrates how urban and industrial waste dumping can turn a major river highly toxic, reducing it to a local extinction of its natural ecosystems. Experts recommend various
Extreme weather is becoming more common in our region. Flood events can impact human health and safety, and result in substantial costs to property and infrastructure. Geared toward municipal decision makers and concerned citizens, this forum provides on-the-ground examples of flood resilience strategies that can help Hudson Valley communities minimize risks while conserving financial resources.
Presentation by Dr. Stuart Findlay, Aquatic Ecologist, Cary Institute for a flood management forum hosted by the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, NY on May 4, 2013.
The Georges River begins near Appin, NSW, Australia and flows north through suburbs like Liverpool before emptying into Botany Bay. It has several tributaries and is used for recreation as well as commercial oyster farming. However, stormwater runoff from urban and rural areas pollutes the river with nutrients, metals, and organic compounds. A regional plan aims to improve the river's water quality and flows through coordinated management between local and state governments. Individual actions like reducing litter and government actions like improving stormwater infrastructure can help address pollution issues and protect the river catchment.
Beaver were once abundant throughout North America but were trapped extensively from the 1810s to 1830s. This reduced their population from an estimated 60-400 million to only 6-12 million today. Beaver create ponds that store water, reduce erosion, raise water tables, increase vegetation and habitat for other species. Reintroducing beaver could help increase water retention and meet water quality targets in some areas if done with consideration for habitat needs, potential impacts and long-term management. Modeling suggests beaver ponds could substantially reduce sediment levels in watersheds over time.
The document discusses developing and implementing environmental flows in the Willamette River Basin. It describes the 13 dams and reservoirs built by the USACE that altered flows. A process was used to analyze pre- and post-dam hydrology and flows needed to support salmon, riparian vegetation, and other species. Initial recommendations call for fall, winter, and spring high flow events of varying magnitudes on the South Santiam River. Benefits of restored flows include vegetation growth, fish migration, and floodplain habitat. Policy considerations include balancing flows with other dam purposes and population distribution. The TNC and USACE collaborate on sustainable rivers projects worldwide.
This document discusses water availability and productivity in the Andes region. It provides context on the heterogeneous nature of the Andes basin and competing demands on land and water resources. It then summarizes baseline data on land use, GDP, irrigation and protected areas. Several key methods are discussed for analyzing water availability, including rainfall and evapotranspiration modeling. Results show areas of water deficit and surplus. Methods for analyzing water productivity through dry matter production are also summarized. The impacts of climate change, land use change, and protected areas on water resources are assessed through modeling.
Suction dredging has been practiced in California for 40 years without harming the environment. It removes toxic heavy metals like mercury from rivers and does not contribute mercury itself. Studies show its impacts are temporary and localized. It supports wildlife by improving salmon habitats and removing non-native fish. While some claim it is just recreational, it has economic value by producing jobs, tax revenue, and $22 million worth of gold annually. Banning it has cost California $30 million per year in lost economic activity with no proven environmental benefits.
This document discusses drinking water supplies from the Albert Channel and potential threats from climate change and overconsumption. It notes that the Albert Channel provides inland shipping, process water, drinking water and irrigation. Climate change may cause higher sea levels and temperatures, more intense seasons with drought in summer and wet in winter. This could move the salinity gradient upstream in the channel. Pumping water back may not help as salinity rises, and smaller freshwater discharges could exacerbate the problems for agriculture, drinking water, ecosystems and groundwater. Solutions proposed include storing more water from wet winters.
Stephen Morgan's slide share summarizes his volunteer experience serving food and helping those in need at the Knights Table. This helped him build people skills that benefited his college career. He also traveled throughout Europe, the United States, and saw diversity and motivation to pursue a career involving travel. Graduating high school was one of his biggest accomplishments and showed him that with determination he can achieve difficult goals.
Timothy R. Hogg is seeking a position that utilizes his creative writing skills. He graduated from Slippery Rock University in 2014 with a Bachelor's degree in Creative Writing and a minor in Film & Media Studies. He has worked as a film critic and copy editor/graphic designer for The DERRICK newspaper since 2014. While in college, he served as fiction editor and reader for the campus literary magazine SLAB. His skills include strong English writing and speaking abilities as well as efficiency in office environments. He has received several screenwriting awards for his work.
This certificate certifies that Clarence Ndlovu achieved the PRINCE2 Foundation in project management certification effective September 10, 2014, with registration number UN31397551 and certificate number 00082208, as signed by Paul Fletcher, Group Chief Executive.
A flame arrester operates by removing heat from the flame as it attempts to travel through narrow passages with heat-conductive walls. The arrester will stop a high velocity flame by absorbing heat away from the flame head, which lowers the burning gas/air mixture below its auto-ignition temperature, and creating an atmosphere where the flame cannot be sustained. The channels or passages in the flame arrester are designed to very efficiently conduct heat outward, but still allow the gasses to flow.
Senior Designer with over 9 years of experience in different areas of design: Digital, UX, HTML5 Ads (GWD), Branding, Editorial Design, Packaging, BTL, ATL, Social Media, final art and photography.
Great creativity, organization and communication. Good teamwork, team leader and able to evolve and adapt easily. I am a well-organized and detail-oriented person.
This document provides an overview of issues related to transboundary waters. It discusses how water resources are shared across political boundaries, and analyzes the relationship between water and conflicts or cooperation among states. The document examines empirical evidence on factors that increase tensions or promote cooperation over water. It also explores international relations theories and legal frameworks regarding shared water resources. Finally, it discusses challenges and opportunities for managing transboundary waters in a context of global change.
The new GEF assistance is designed to address the three highest priority transboundary problems in the Black Sea: eutrophication, discharge of toxic substances including oil, and loss of critical habitats. It provides two regional projects for the Black Sea and Danube River basins, as well as country-related investment projects. The goals are to reduce nutrient levels to allow ecosystem recovery, establish monitoring methods, and further assess nutrient loads and ecological status. A range of indicators are proposed to monitor nutrients and their effects, including chemical concentrations, biological parameters, and physical measurements. An implementation process is outlined to agree on indicators, undertake pilot monitoring, and incorporate them into the Black Sea monitoring program.
Trace Element and Nutrient Concentrations Across An Anthropogenic Gradient 4t...Adrian Alvarez
1) Water samples were collected from Webster Duck Pond in Syracuse, NY along an anthropogenic gradient from a disturbed area near visitor facilities to a more natural, spring-fed area.
2) Phosphorus and iron and manganese concentrations were higher in samples taken near the disturbed area, likely due to duck waste, while other trace elements did not vary.
3) This provides a real-world example of how human activities can increase phosphorus levels and change pond water chemistry from oxic to more anoxic conditions near the disturbed shoreline.
- Seven of nine watersheds studied in the Peruvian Andes have crossed a critical threshold where dry season river discharge is decreasing due to diminished glacier meltwater.
- Households near glacial rivers have reported negative impacts on their livelihoods from climate change effects like more extreme weather, shifting water variability, and declining water supplies in the dry season.
- As glaciers recede in the region, political and resource conflicts are emerging around competing demands for scarce water between urban, agricultural, hydroelectric, and local uses - tensions that are expected to increase as environmental and social impacts intensify over coming decades.
20141031 pud-eng-odu lake gaston-seminar2014-leahy-projecthistory-final (2)shawnjr043
This document summarizes information presented by Thomas M. Leahy about the Lake Gaston water transfer project. It discusses how Virginia Beach needed a new water supply, pursued the Lake Gaston project to transfer 60 million gallons per day from the Roanoke River Basin via a 76 mile pipeline, and the extensive permitting and environmental review process over 15 years to approve the project. It also compares past and current costs of the Lake Gaston project versus alternative water sources like desalination and wastewater reuse.
Ronald T. Green, Ph.D., P.G., F. Paul Bertetti, P.G.,
and Nathanial Toll Geosciences and Engineering Division Southwest Research Institute® Presented on behalf of the Irrigation Panel - TWCA Annual Convention 2015
The document discusses issues related to water and health, including the hydrologic cycle, water scarcity, water contaminants, and regulations. It notes that over 97% of the world's water is salty and located in oceans, while the remaining 3% of freshwater is mostly locked in ice caps. Freshwater supplies are limited and many regions currently face or will face water stress due to population growth and climate change effects. Contaminants from human and agricultural activities threaten water quality and safety. Regulations like the Safe Drinking Water Act aim to protect public health by regulating contaminants in drinking water.
Human civilizations have long depended on rivers for survival, with early civilizations in regions like Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China developing along major river valleys. However, as human populations and activities have increased, they have placed growing stress on rivers through activities like water extraction, waste dumping, and infrastructure development. This has degraded river ecosystems and impacted their ability to provide services. Parameters like water flow, sediment levels, pollution, and biodiversity are used to measure a river's health and the human impacts on it. The case of the Yamuna River in India illustrates how urban and industrial waste dumping can turn a major river highly toxic, reducing it to a local extinction of its natural ecosystems. Experts recommend various
Extreme weather is becoming more common in our region. Flood events can impact human health and safety, and result in substantial costs to property and infrastructure. Geared toward municipal decision makers and concerned citizens, this forum provides on-the-ground examples of flood resilience strategies that can help Hudson Valley communities minimize risks while conserving financial resources.
Presentation by Dr. Stuart Findlay, Aquatic Ecologist, Cary Institute for a flood management forum hosted by the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, NY on May 4, 2013.
The Georges River begins near Appin, NSW, Australia and flows north through suburbs like Liverpool before emptying into Botany Bay. It has several tributaries and is used for recreation as well as commercial oyster farming. However, stormwater runoff from urban and rural areas pollutes the river with nutrients, metals, and organic compounds. A regional plan aims to improve the river's water quality and flows through coordinated management between local and state governments. Individual actions like reducing litter and government actions like improving stormwater infrastructure can help address pollution issues and protect the river catchment.
Beaver were once abundant throughout North America but were trapped extensively from the 1810s to 1830s. This reduced their population from an estimated 60-400 million to only 6-12 million today. Beaver create ponds that store water, reduce erosion, raise water tables, increase vegetation and habitat for other species. Reintroducing beaver could help increase water retention and meet water quality targets in some areas if done with consideration for habitat needs, potential impacts and long-term management. Modeling suggests beaver ponds could substantially reduce sediment levels in watersheds over time.
The document discusses developing and implementing environmental flows in the Willamette River Basin. It describes the 13 dams and reservoirs built by the USACE that altered flows. A process was used to analyze pre- and post-dam hydrology and flows needed to support salmon, riparian vegetation, and other species. Initial recommendations call for fall, winter, and spring high flow events of varying magnitudes on the South Santiam River. Benefits of restored flows include vegetation growth, fish migration, and floodplain habitat. Policy considerations include balancing flows with other dam purposes and population distribution. The TNC and USACE collaborate on sustainable rivers projects worldwide.
This document discusses water availability and productivity in the Andes region. It provides context on the heterogeneous nature of the Andes basin and competing demands on land and water resources. It then summarizes baseline data on land use, GDP, irrigation and protected areas. Several key methods are discussed for analyzing water availability, including rainfall and evapotranspiration modeling. Results show areas of water deficit and surplus. Methods for analyzing water productivity through dry matter production are also summarized. The impacts of climate change, land use change, and protected areas on water resources are assessed through modeling.
Suction dredging has been practiced in California for 40 years without harming the environment. It removes toxic heavy metals like mercury from rivers and does not contribute mercury itself. Studies show its impacts are temporary and localized. It supports wildlife by improving salmon habitats and removing non-native fish. While some claim it is just recreational, it has economic value by producing jobs, tax revenue, and $22 million worth of gold annually. Banning it has cost California $30 million per year in lost economic activity with no proven environmental benefits.
This document discusses drinking water supplies from the Albert Channel and potential threats from climate change and overconsumption. It notes that the Albert Channel provides inland shipping, process water, drinking water and irrigation. Climate change may cause higher sea levels and temperatures, more intense seasons with drought in summer and wet in winter. This could move the salinity gradient upstream in the channel. Pumping water back may not help as salinity rises, and smaller freshwater discharges could exacerbate the problems for agriculture, drinking water, ecosystems and groundwater. Solutions proposed include storing more water from wet winters.
Stephen Morgan's slide share summarizes his volunteer experience serving food and helping those in need at the Knights Table. This helped him build people skills that benefited his college career. He also traveled throughout Europe, the United States, and saw diversity and motivation to pursue a career involving travel. Graduating high school was one of his biggest accomplishments and showed him that with determination he can achieve difficult goals.
Timothy R. Hogg is seeking a position that utilizes his creative writing skills. He graduated from Slippery Rock University in 2014 with a Bachelor's degree in Creative Writing and a minor in Film & Media Studies. He has worked as a film critic and copy editor/graphic designer for The DERRICK newspaper since 2014. While in college, he served as fiction editor and reader for the campus literary magazine SLAB. His skills include strong English writing and speaking abilities as well as efficiency in office environments. He has received several screenwriting awards for his work.
This certificate certifies that Clarence Ndlovu achieved the PRINCE2 Foundation in project management certification effective September 10, 2014, with registration number UN31397551 and certificate number 00082208, as signed by Paul Fletcher, Group Chief Executive.
A flame arrester operates by removing heat from the flame as it attempts to travel through narrow passages with heat-conductive walls. The arrester will stop a high velocity flame by absorbing heat away from the flame head, which lowers the burning gas/air mixture below its auto-ignition temperature, and creating an atmosphere where the flame cannot be sustained. The channels or passages in the flame arrester are designed to very efficiently conduct heat outward, but still allow the gasses to flow.
Senior Designer with over 9 years of experience in different areas of design: Digital, UX, HTML5 Ads (GWD), Branding, Editorial Design, Packaging, BTL, ATL, Social Media, final art and photography.
Great creativity, organization and communication. Good teamwork, team leader and able to evolve and adapt easily. I am a well-organized and detail-oriented person.
Está formada por el número de horas que el trabajador está obligado a trabajar efectivamente. No se debe confundir con el concepto de horario de trabajo, la jornada representa el número de horas que el trabajador debe prestar su servicio, mientras que el horario fija la hora de entrada y la salida.
The water : its management and occurencenikhil kadam
The document discusses water resources and pollution. It provides details on the water cycle and sources of water, including that only a small fraction of water is available for human use. It also discusses types of water pollution like sediment, oxygen-demanding wastes, and nutrient enrichment. Solutions to sustainable water use and pollution prevention are outlined.
Hydrosphere: All the water at or near the surface of the earth
Amount of water essentially constant and moves between different reservoirs
100 million billion gallons move through Hydrologic Cycle
Oceans account for ~96%, Fresh water lakes and streams for only 0.016% of all water
The opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959 unintentionally unleashed a biological plague on the Great Lakes. The Seaway allowed ocean freighters access to the lakes for the first time, and these ships dumped billions of gallons of untreated ballast water containing foreign species. Many of these invasive species caused profound ecological changes, including the proliferation of quagga and zebra mussels that depleted food sources for fish. While the Seaway provided some economic benefits, it has had major environmental costs including the introduction of over 50 invasive species that have disrupted fisheries and ecosystems. The lakes remain under threat from additional invaders like Asian carp spreading from other waterways.
Mason County in Washington state declared a drought in 2015 due to low snowpack levels and warmer than normal temperatures. The drought declaration started in March for some areas and expanded statewide by May. County agencies collaborated to monitor well levels, plan conservation efforts, and hold public meetings. Data showed increased water usage at local golf courses and resorts during the drought. Mason County PUD continues to prepare for drought conditions.
The hydrologic cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth. Most of the Earth's water (96.5%) is stored in oceans. A small fraction of water is present in the atmosphere, lakes, rivers, groundwater, and glaciers at any given time. The hydrologic cycle involves the processes of evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, infiltration, streamflow, and runoff that redistribute water throughout the planet.
First Nations have a strong spiritual and cultural connection to water. Elders teach that water is sacred and must be respected. Traditional practices such as fishing, transportation, and ceremonies involve water. While some traditional practices continue, many communities face water quality issues. The Yellow Quill First Nation installed a new treatment plant using natural processes to address past boil water advisories. Northern communities are concerned about impacts of uranium mining on surrounding waters.
The document provides information about the Bass River watershed on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. It summarizes that the watershed covers 10,331 acres across 11,800 parcels in Dennis, Yarmouth, and other towns. Developed land in those towns increased 58.7% and 56.3% from 1971 to 1999. The watershed includes features like Long Pond and is impacted by nitrogen pollution from septic systems, fertilizers, and other sources. Studies show some surface waters and subwatersheds exceed nitrogen limits, threatening ecosystem health. Solutions discussed include the Cape Cod Regional Wastewater Management Plan and a mix of decentralized and centralized wastewater infrastructure projects over 20-30 years.
AP Environmental Science Ch. 13, Miller LITEStephanie Beck
This document discusses various methods for meeting water needs, including withdrawing more groundwater, building dams and reservoirs, and transferring water from one place to another. Withdrawing more groundwater is presented as unsustainable and can cause problems like subsidence and contamination. Building dams and reservoirs provides benefits but also displaces people and harms ecosystems. Large-scale water transfer projects like California's move water long distances, supporting agriculture and cities in drier regions.
Fresh water makes up only 3% of the water on Earth, with the majority being salt water in the oceans. Fresh water exists as icecaps and glaciers, groundwater, and surface water in lakes, rivers, and streams. The document identifies that we are part of the Mississippi watershed and Tennessee River tributary. It describes groundwater as water stored underground in aquifers and sediments, below the water table. Porosity refers to the space between particles in rock, while permeability determines how much water the rock can hold. A video from Unicef discusses global fresh water issues.
Lecture - Chapter 14 - Water as a Limited Resource.pptSomyaKulshrestha10
This chapter discusses water as a limited resource and various issues related to water quantity and quality. It covers the importance of water, properties of water, the hydrologic cycle, distribution and types of freshwater, and water use problems including too much water (flooding), too little water (drought), and poor water quality. Methods of water management are also summarized, including dams and reservoirs, water diversion projects, desalination, and conservation efforts. Global water issues like population growth, climate change, and sharing water resources between countries are also addressed.
OLA 2009 -- 25 years-- a silver lined anniversaryPaul Robertson
Twenty-five years of lake management on Devils Lake in Oregon was celebrated as a silver anniversary. The lake has faced many challenges over the decades from excessive algae and weed growth due to sewage and agricultural runoff. In the 1980s, grass carp were introduced to control the weeds, which led to the total eradication of submerged plants but also harmful algae blooms. Today, the Devils Lake Water Improvement District continues efforts like water quality monitoring, septic system improvements, and native plant revegetation to improve the lake's health.
This document provides an overview of hydrogeology and reviews major aquifers in Texas. It defines key hydrogeological concepts such as aquifers, aquitards, porosity, hydraulic conductivity and discusses groundwater flow principles. The document reviews the Trinity and Ogallala aquifers as major aquifer systems in Texas and examines the Brazos River Alluvium aquifer in more local detail, describing its lithology, heterogeneity and role as an unconfined aquifer system. Groundwater flow models and their limitations are also briefly discussed.
This document provides an overview of the Edwards Aquifer, which supplies water to cities like San Antonio and supports endangered species. It notes the aquifer responds directly to pumping and recharge. There are increasing demands on the aquifer from municipal, agricultural, and industrial use that have led to lawsuits to protect spring flows and endangered species. Legal challenges have established minimum spring flow rates and established the Edwards Aquifer Authority to set withdrawal limits and regulate pumping versus spring flows.
Freshwater biology is the study of freshwater ecosystems and the relationships between organisms in freshwater environments and their physical and chemical surroundings. It seeks to understand freshwater biomes like rivers, ponds, lakes, wetlands, groundwater, and how living things interact in these environments. Freshwater biomes cover around 20% of the Earth's surface and contain a diversity of species, though they face threats from pollution and waste. The properties of freshwater, like its low salt concentration, allow unique plants and animals to thrive in freshwater ecosystems around the world.
Chad Forcey at the Irrigation Association outlines the current state of water law across the U.S., and what irrigation contractors can do to stay up to date on their local regulatory environment.
Water supply, use, pollution and treatmentsRikiAcanto1
The document provides information on global water supply and issues related to water use, pollution, and treatment. It discusses the following key points:
1) A growing global water shortage is linked to food supply as the human population grows and water is needed to grow more food. Only 1% of the world's water is available for human use.
2) Water pollution from sources like agricultural and urban runoff degrades water quality and exposes billions of people to waterborne diseases. Pollution increases biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in water.
3) Eutrophication from excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus entering water bodies from fertilizers and sewage kills aquatic plants and reduces dissolved oxygen, harming ecosystems
This document discusses the dimensions and patterns within river ecosystems. It describes how characteristics of streams change longitudinally from upstream to downstream, becoming wider, slower, and deeper. Changes also occur at the reach scale, with alternating riffles and pools. Laterally, streams have channels, banks, floodplains, and sometimes complex networks of interwoven channels. Vertically, velocity decreases with depth and exchanges occur with groundwater. Species distribution varies across these dimensions and over time. The document also examines how human activities like agriculture, forestry, mining, and urbanization impact watersheds and river ecosystems.
This document discusses the importance of stream restoration practices in implementing the Farm Bill. It notes that streambank erosion now contributes up to 70% of sediment loads in many watersheds across the US, compared to lower levels decades ago. Over 200,000 miles of stream corridors have accelerated streambank erosion. Case studies show how channel incision can increase sediment delivery and negatively impact water quality. Restoring incised streams by rebuilding floodplains and reconnecting channels to their floodplains can help reduce erosion. The document emphasizes the need to prioritize restoration at the greatest sources of erosion and maintain conservation practices.
This document discusses threats to freshwater ecosystems and the need for monitoring. It outlines that freshwater sources like rivers, lakes, and wetlands make up only a small percentage of Earth's total water, but face significant threats from pollution, dams, development, and climate change. Dams in particular have fragmented over 60% of the world's largest rivers. Other threats include drainage, mining, overfishing, and rising sea levels. Proper monitoring of water quality and conditions is needed to track changes, identify emerging issues, and inform regulations to help protect vulnerable freshwater sources.
Wetlands provide important habitat and protect against floods. They establish habitats, form protective barriers, trap floodwaters, and recharge groundwater. The North American Wetland Conservation Act of 1989 aimed to protect wetlands and waterfowl. It created thousands of projects and jobs, and raised $3.5 billion. Experts say wetlands are highly productive and help reduce storm surges. However, development and pollution threaten wetlands, so laws and education are needed to protect these vital ecosystems.
Similar to Issues in Urban Hydrogeology Lecture (20)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
3. World Water Supplies
97%
3%
Salt Water
Fresh Water
3% Fresh Water
30%
0.3%
0.7%
69%
Ice
Ground Water
Surface Water
Atmospheric Water
Where is the WaterWhere is the Water
4. Fresh Water AvailabilityFresh Water Availability
• Of all the Water on EarthOf all the Water on Earth
– > 1% is Potable and Accessible to Use by> 1% is Potable and Accessible to Use by
MankindMankind
• >.09% is in Surface Water>.09% is in Surface Water
• ≈≈.9% is in Ground Water.9% is in Ground Water
• All of the rest of the water on Earth isAll of the rest of the water on Earth is
either Saltwater or is locked in the ice ofeither Saltwater or is locked in the ice of
the Arctic or in the Antarctica, Greenlandthe Arctic or in the Antarctica, Greenland
and Iceland icesheetsand Iceland icesheets
5. Water useWater use
•Thermoelectric Power Generation – 48%Thermoelectric Power Generation – 48%
•Agricultural Irrigation – 34%Agricultural Irrigation – 34%
•Public Water Supplies – 11%Public Water Supplies – 11%
•Industrial Uses – 5%Industrial Uses – 5%
•Aquaculture – >1%Aquaculture – >1%
•Livestock – 1%Livestock – 1%
•Mining – >1%Mining – >1%
•Domestic wells – >1%Domestic wells – >1%
6. Groundwater PrimerGroundwater Primer
• Aquifers – Subsurface water which may orAquifers – Subsurface water which may or
may not be isolated from surface watersmay not be isolated from surface waters
– Unconfined Aquifers – Shallow and connectedUnconfined Aquifers – Shallow and connected
to surface waters. i.e. Edwards Aquiferto surface waters. i.e. Edwards Aquifer
– Confined Aquifers – unconnected to surfaceConfined Aquifers – unconnected to surface
waters. i.e. Ogallala Aquiferwaters. i.e. Ogallala Aquifer
• Permeability vs. PorosityPermeability vs. Porosity
8. Ogallala AquiferOgallala Aquifer
•Less then 1% RechargeLess then 1% Recharge
by Rainfallby Rainfall
•““Ancient” water –Ancient” water –
250,000 to 2 Million250,000 to 2 Million
Years oldYears old
•Water is effectivelyWater is effectively
“mined”“mined”
9. Water Issues in the MegaregionWater Issues in the Megaregion
• Impervious CoverImpervious Cover
• Water QualityWater Quality
• Aquifer Recharge/DischargeAquifer Recharge/Discharge
• Urban StructuresUrban Structures
• Effects of Climate ChangeEffects of Climate Change
• PoliticsPolitics
15. Las Vegas - ChannelizationLas Vegas - Channelization
16. Las Vegas –Las Vegas –
Diversion/ChannelizationDiversion/Channelization
•Artificial Riparian HabitatsArtificial Riparian Habitats
•Capture Pollution and DebrisCapture Pollution and Debris
•Flood ControlFlood Control
•Artificial LakesArtificial Lakes
•Erosion/Flood ControlErosion/Flood Control
•Pollution and Debris CapturePollution and Debris Capture
•Attempt to Recapture Aquifer BypassAttempt to Recapture Aquifer Bypass
17. Groundwater Cycle in the UrbanGroundwater Cycle in the Urban
EnvironmentEnvironment
•Normal Aquifer RechargeNormal Aquifer Recharge
•RainRain
•Infiltration to AquiferInfiltration to Aquifer
•Runoff to StreamsRunoff to Streams
•EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration
•Urban Aquifer RechargeUrban Aquifer Recharge
•RainRain
•RunoffRunoff
•Infiltration to AquiferInfiltration to Aquifer
•EvapotranspirationEvapotranspiration
•DiversionDiversion
•LeakageLeakage
•OverdraftOverdraft
•Many More CausesMany More Causes
18. Water QualityWater Quality
• Point Source vs. Non-Point Source – DoesPoint Source vs. Non-Point Source – Does
it Matterit Matter
• Runoff from Impervious CoverRunoff from Impervious Cover
• Industrial PollutantsIndustrial Pollutants
• ExobiologicsExobiologics
• PharmaceuticalsPharmaceuticals
19. Dangers to Water QualityDangers to Water Quality
•Leaking pipesLeaking pipes
•Building and Construction (Old and New)Building and Construction (Old and New)
•Underground TanksUnderground Tanks
•PetsPets
•Lawn CareLawn Care
•Impervious CoverImpervious Cover
20. Aquifer Recharge andAquifer Recharge and
DischargeDischarge
• Las Vegas – Channelization causesLas Vegas – Channelization causes
bypass of the Aquifer, hence no rechargebypass of the Aquifer, hence no recharge
• Austin / San AntonioAustin / San Antonio
– Impervious cover built on top if the EdwardsImpervious cover built on top if the Edwards
Aquifer Recharge Zone decreasing rechargeAquifer Recharge Zone decreasing recharge
(Bad Zoning)(Bad Zoning)
– San Antonio – Single source for all water,San Antonio – Single source for all water,
Edwards Aquifer, but few conservationEdwards Aquifer, but few conservation
controlscontrols
21. • OverchargeOvercharge
– Impervious Cover over captureImpervious Cover over capture
– Leaking utilities (Water, Sewer)Leaking utilities (Water, Sewer)
– IrrigationIrrigation
– Climate ChangeClimate Change
• DischargeDischarge
– Overdraft (over pumping)Overdraft (over pumping)
– Climate ChangeClimate Change
– ConstructionConstruction
• Both Overcharge and Overdraft can causeBoth Overcharge and Overdraft can cause
permanent damage to an aquiferpermanent damage to an aquifer
24. Urban StructuresUrban Structures
• Refer back to Impervious Cover andRefer back to Impervious Cover and
Aquifer BypassAquifer Bypass
• Pipelines, TunnelsPipelines, Tunnels
• FoundationsFoundations
• OtherOther
25. • FoundationsFoundations
– What happens when you dig a 60-100 foot deep foundationWhat happens when you dig a 60-100 foot deep foundation
– What happens when you put 10, 20, 50 of these foundationsWhat happens when you put 10, 20, 50 of these foundations
togethertogether
– We don’t knowWe don’t know
• River walls, Weirs, Dykes, etc.River walls, Weirs, Dykes, etc.
– LondonLondon
• Thames River WallsThames River Walls
• Thames BarrierThames Barrier
– AmsterdamAmsterdam
• Below sea levelBelow sea level
26. Climate ChangeClimate Change
• The Great UnknownThe Great Unknown
• More ExtremesMore Extremes
• Local and Regional DifferencesLocal and Regional Differences
27. Politics - Water lawPolitics - Water law
• Surface WaterSurface Water
– Riparian RightsRiparian Rights
• English “Absolute” Rule (Rule of Capture)English “Absolute” Rule (Rule of Capture)
• American “Reasonable Use” RuleAmerican “Reasonable Use” Rule
– Safe YieldSafe Yield
– SustainableSustainable
– Prior AppropriationPrior Appropriation
• Mainly Western U.S.Mainly Western U.S.
• ““First in Time – First in Right”First in Time – First in Right”
28. Politics – Water LawPolitics – Water Law
• GroundwaterGroundwater
– English “Absolute” Rule (Rule of Capture) (Texas)English “Absolute” Rule (Rule of Capture) (Texas)
– American “Reasonable Use” RuleAmerican “Reasonable Use” Rule
– Correlative RightsCorrelative Rights
• You own what’s under your property (Do you see a problem here?)You own what’s under your property (Do you see a problem here?)
– Frazer v. Brown (Ohio, 1861) – No right to regulate groundwaterFrazer v. Brown (Ohio, 1861) – No right to regulate groundwater
• “…“…the existence, origin, movement, and course of such waters, andthe existence, origin, movement, and course of such waters, and
the causes that govern and direct their movement, are sothe causes that govern and direct their movement, are so secret andsecret and
occultoccult, and concealed that an attempt to administer any set of legal, and concealed that an attempt to administer any set of legal
rules in respect to them would be involved in hopeless uncertainty ,rules in respect to them would be involved in hopeless uncertainty ,
and would, therefore, be practically impossible.”and would, therefore, be practically impossible.”
– Houston & Central Texas Railway v. East (Texas, 1904)Houston & Central Texas Railway v. East (Texas, 1904)
• Based on Frazer v. Brown groundwater isBased on Frazer v. Brown groundwater is occultoccult in nature so evenin nature so even
though cause and effect can be shown and that there were nothough cause and effect can be shown and that there were no
corollary rights assigned to East then the case iscorollary rights assigned to East then the case is damnum abs quedamnum abs que
injuriainjuria [an injury that can not be remedied][an injury that can not be remedied]
29. Politics – Water LawPolitics – Water Law
• Federal LawFederal Law
– Very little, based on Interstate Commerce andVery little, based on Interstate Commerce and
Frazer v. Brown (Ohio,1861)Frazer v. Brown (Ohio,1861)
• StatesStates
– Most water regulation is done by states or byMost water regulation is done by states or by
regions within a stateregions within a state
– Texas Water Development Board and TexasTexas Water Development Board and Texas
Water Conservation DistrictsWater Conservation Districts
30. Politics – Allocation and ManagementPolitics – Allocation and Management
• ““Tragedy of the Commons” (Garret Harden)Tragedy of the Commons” (Garret Harden)
• Decision Support Systems (DSS)Decision Support Systems (DSS)
– Combines science, opinion and community wants andCombines science, opinion and community wants and
needs into a sustainability modelneeds into a sustainability model
– Outcome BasedOutcome Based
• Uses Community based decisions on futureUses Community based decisions on future
conditions to determine current and futureconditions to determine current and future
allocationsallocations
32. So What About theSo What About the
Megaregion?Megaregion?
• Spatial coverageSpatial coverage
33. So What About theSo What About the
Megaregion?Megaregion?
• SpatialSpatial
– Cross Political and Legislative BoundariesCross Political and Legislative Boundaries
– Cross Cultural BoundariesCross Cultural Boundaries
– Cross Regulatory BoundariesCross Regulatory Boundaries
• DiversityDiversity
– Problems may not me one-to-oneProblems may not me one-to-one
– Solutions may not be one-to-oneSolutions may not be one-to-one
• Increased Complexity and QuantityIncreased Complexity and Quantity
34. Finally….Finally….
• Nothing about the issues or problems areNothing about the issues or problems are
new or uniquenew or unique
• The scale has just increasedThe scale has just increased
• The time is past forThe time is past for laissez-farelaissez-fare
management and planning andmanagement and planning and comme ci,comme ci,
commecomme ççaa leadershipleadership
• Best Practices must be developedBest Practices must be developed