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A Case Study of the Edwards Aquifer 
Nathan Pence 
Executive Director – Endangered Species Programs 
Edwards Aquifer Authority
Edwards Aquifer
Edwards Aquifer 
• Balcones Fault Zone 
• Limestone and Artesian Aquifer 
• Aquifer responds directly to pumping or recharge 
• 4350 square miles 
• Austin, San Marcos, New Braunfels, San Antonio 
• Headwaters to San Marcos and Comal Springs
Edwards Aquifer cont. 
• Guadalupe River baseflow 
• Home to Endangered Species 
• Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle 
• Comal Springs Riffle Beetle 
• Fountain Darter 
• Peck’s Cave Amphipod 
• San Marcos Salamander 
• San Marcos Gambusia 
• Texas Blind Salamander 
• Texas Wild Rice
Demands on Edwards Aquifer 
• Municipal Water 
• Agriculture Use 
• Industrial Use 
• Recreational 
• Biological 
• Spring Flow 
• Pumping vs. Springflow 
Pumping vs Springflow
Limitations of the Edwards Aquifer 
• 1956 Drought of Record– Comal Springs ceased to flow for 6 months 
• Increased demand 
• San Antonio: population of 2 million 
• Surrounding communities 
• Increased Development / Reduced Recharge 
• Drought magnifies all 
• Endangered Species Act of 1973
Legal Challenges 
• Sierra Club v USFWS 1991 
• Sierra Club alleged that unrestricted withdrawals from the aquifer would cause 
take of Endangered Species. Courts agreed and established “take” and 
“jeopardy” flow rates; water supply restrictions 
• 2012 Deadline for “Continuous Minimum Springflows” for the species 
• Senate Bill 1477 - 1993 
• Established EAA and set withdrawal limits

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Explore the Edwards Aquifer and its Impact on Endangered Species

  • 1. A Case Study of the Edwards Aquifer Nathan Pence Executive Director – Endangered Species Programs Edwards Aquifer Authority
  • 3. Edwards Aquifer • Balcones Fault Zone • Limestone and Artesian Aquifer • Aquifer responds directly to pumping or recharge • 4350 square miles • Austin, San Marcos, New Braunfels, San Antonio • Headwaters to San Marcos and Comal Springs
  • 4. Edwards Aquifer cont. • Guadalupe River baseflow • Home to Endangered Species • Comal Springs Dryopid Beetle • Comal Springs Riffle Beetle • Fountain Darter • Peck’s Cave Amphipod • San Marcos Salamander • San Marcos Gambusia • Texas Blind Salamander • Texas Wild Rice
  • 5. Demands on Edwards Aquifer • Municipal Water • Agriculture Use • Industrial Use • Recreational • Biological • Spring Flow • Pumping vs. Springflow Pumping vs Springflow
  • 6. Limitations of the Edwards Aquifer • 1956 Drought of Record– Comal Springs ceased to flow for 6 months • Increased demand • San Antonio: population of 2 million • Surrounding communities • Increased Development / Reduced Recharge • Drought magnifies all • Endangered Species Act of 1973
  • 7. Legal Challenges • Sierra Club v USFWS 1991 • Sierra Club alleged that unrestricted withdrawals from the aquifer would cause take of Endangered Species. Courts agreed and established “take” and “jeopardy” flow rates; water supply restrictions • 2012 Deadline for “Continuous Minimum Springflows” for the species • Senate Bill 1477 - 1993 • Established EAA and set withdrawal limits