Projections map 3D points to a 2D plane, including parallel and perspective projections. Orthographic projections show objects in 2D views projected onto horizontal, vertical, and side planes, including front, top, and side views. Isometric drawings depict all three dimensions of an object in a single view. The document discusses orthographic projections, projection systems, and provides examples of isometric and multi-view drawings.

1. Chapter 3
Orthographic Projections
Projection
Projections are defined as mapping of three-dimensional points to a two-dimensional
plane. There are two type of projection
.parallel
. perspective.

3. Different Reference planes are;
–Horizontal Plane (HP)
–Vertical Plane (VP)
–Side or Profile Plane (PP)

4. 1. Multiview drawing
that each view show an object in two dimensions.
2. Isometric drawing
that show all three dimensions of an object in one view.
Isometric Drawing

6. Orthographic Projections
• Orthographic Projections is a technical drawing in which different views of an
object are projected on different planes
–Horizontal Plane (HP)
–Vertical Plane (VP)
–Side or Profile Plane (PP)
–Front View (FV) –Projected on VP
–Top View (TV) –Projected on HP
–Sides View (SV) –Projected on PP

7. Projection systems
European -ISO standard
USA,

8. Example
Isometric View
Multi View