Senna be the pant used in constipation and used as cathartic and purgative. Made by Dheeraj B.Pharm. 5th Sem Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Mdu Rohtak

1. DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES,
MDU ROHTAK
Submitted by
Dheeraj
B.Pharm.5th sem
Roll no. 1431
Batch: A
Session: 2021-22
Pharmacognosy Practical
Assignment

2. Pharmacognosy
Practical Assignment
Isolation and detection of active principles
of sennosides from
senna
Topic of Practical

3. Objective:
• Isolation and detection of active principles of sennosides from senna
Apparatus Requirements for Practical
Electronic shaker,distillation unit, extraction unit,
dessicator, test tube, conical flask, funner, filter paper,
water bath,
Benzene,70% methanol, hydrocholoric acid , calcium
chloride, ammonia, phosphorus oxide, oxalic acid, methanol,
triethlamine.
Chemical requirements for practical

4. Theory
 Senna is the fruit (pod) or leaf of the plant Senna alexandrina.
 It is approved in the US as a laxative for short-term treatment of
constipation.
 Senna contains many chemicals called sennosides.
 Sennosides irritate the lining of the bowel, which causes a laxative effect.
 Senna is an FDA-approved over-the-counter (OTC) laxative.
 It is used to treat constipation and also to clear the bowel before
procedures such as colonoscopy.
 People also use senna for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), hemorrhoids,
weight loss, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific
evidence to support these uses.

5. Biological Sources:
 The botanical name of senna - Cassia senna L.
 The biological source of senna is dried leaflets of it.
 It belongs to the leguminosae plant family.
 It is also known as senna leaf, sennae folium, tinnevelly senna.
Morphological Features:
The shape of leaves are lanceole.
Leaves are entire, apex is acute with a spine at the top.
Leaflets have asymmetrical base with transverse lines.
 Transverse lines are more prominent on lower surface.
On leaves, trichomes are present on both the surface.
The color of leaves are yellowish-green.
Odour is slight and unpleasant.
The taste of leaves are mucilaginous, bitter and characteristic.

6. SENNA PLANT
2. SENNA
LEAF
STRUCTURE
3. SENNA SPP.

7. Uses:
 Senna has purgative property.
 It helps to increase peristalsis movement which also causes reduction in water
absorption.
 It has cathartic property.
 It is used to treat chronic constipation.
 It also has laxative property and senna is FDA- approved over –the-
counter(OTC) laxative.
 It is used to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and anal or rectal surgery.
 It is used to treat hemorrhoids and weight loss.
 It is an effective laxative in the condition of pregnancy and lactation.

8. PROCEDURE
Method-1
• Make dried and powdered sample.
• For two hours the sample is shaken with benzene on an electronic shake
• The solvent is filtered and distilled followed by drying at room temperature.
• With 70% methanol, the sample is extracted for 5-6 hours and the extract is filtered under vacuum
followed by re-extraction again for 2 hour and filtrate is collected.
• The methanolic extract sample is combined and concentrated in to 1/8th portion of its initial volume.
• Using HCI the concentrated sample is acidified to a pH of 3.0-3.2. At 5°C temperature, the acidified
sample is kept aside.
• The sample is filtered and anhydrous calcium chloride is added by dissolving in 25 ml of denatured spirit
with vigorous stirring.
• By using ammonia the pH is adjusted to 8 and it is kept aside for 1-2 hour Finally the sample is filtered
and the obtained precipitate is dried by using P₂O5 in a dessicator

9. Method-2:
• By shaking with ethanolic chloroform for 30 minutes, the powdered drug sample is
extracted (chloroform: ethanol = 93:7)
• Again the extraction is carried out by using acidic methanol.
• Acidic methanol is prepared by using 1.2 g of oxalic acid per litre of methanol Both the
extracted sample is combined and concentrated.
• This sample is allowed to stand for overnight at room temperature.
• Then sennoside-B remains in solution and sennoside-A is precipitated Re-crystallization
of sennoside-A is carried out using triethylamine and precipitation of sennoside-B is
carried out by 10% methanolic solution of calcium chloride.
• Again the sample is separated by methanolic ammonia solution.
• This solution is prepared by adding 60 ml of methanol and 40 ml of ammonia.
• The sample is wased and dried with water and allowed to stand for one day followed by
re crystallization using glycolmonoethylether.

10. Detection of sennoside
• Different organic solvent like benzene, ether, chloroform is added to the sample and shaken.
• The organic laver is separated and ammonia solution is added to it.
• Pink or red colour is produced by confirmmg the amonical layer which shows the presence of
anthraquinone TLC of sennoside
• The solvent system is ethyl acetate methanol water having ratio 100: 16 :5 :13.5
• The obtained purified sample is spotted in the plate of silica gel and developed in ethyl acetate
methanol water When the dried plates of silica gel is sprayed with HNO³ (25%), red coloured
spots will be seen
• After drying with alcoholic KOH red colour is converted in to yellow colour.

11. Estimation of Sennosides:
• Hot water is useful for the extraction of anthraquinine glucose.
• Acidifued the aqueous extract and treat with chloroform to make
free the glycine which is largely present in the solution.
• First neutralize the solution and then centrifuge it afterwards add
ferric chloride to the solution.
• Reflux the solution and further acidified it to bring oxidation and
hydrolysis.
• The aglycone present should be extracted with either and
redispersed in the magnesium acetate solution.
• Measure the absorbance of the sennoside and Express the
concentration in compression to sennoside B at 515nm.

12. Result :
Isolation and detection of active principles of
sennoside from senna are successfully studied
and detected.

13. References
• Shukla P., Alok S, Pharmacognsoy and Phytochemistry II, Nirali
Prakashan, 1st edition August 2019, page number : 12.13- 12.15
• Prabhu k, Arunachalam G, Pharmacognsoy and Phytochemistry II,
thakur Publication Pvt. Ltd. Lucknow, edition. 2019, page number
: 234- 236.
• https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/pharmacognosy/sennoside-
isolation-and-utilization-of-sennoside/49934
• https://labmonk.com/isolation-and-detection-of-active-
principles-sennoside-from-senna
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343212667_A_Review_
Extraction_and_Standardization_Techniques_of_Senna_Leaves

14. THANKING
YOU