This document provides an overview of systems engineering standards and processes. It discusses ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288, which provides a framework for managing systems throughout the lifecycle. The standard defines technical and technical management processes. It also discusses the Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK) and the INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook, both of which are based on ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288. The document recommends following a systems engineering approach to aircraft development to help ensure safety and optimize costs over the lifecycle. It emphasizes integrating safety assessments into systems engineering processes from an early stage.
Competency is a measure of an individual’s ability in terms of knowledge, skills, and behaviour to perform a given role in the Systems Engineering processes. The competency planning and deployment of Systems Engineering competencies are considered as one key factor in the successful re-industrialisation and digital transformation of Europe.
ISECF can be applied in the context of any application, project, organisation or enterprise for both individual and/or organisational assessment and/or development.
In an increasingly complex world, sometimes old questions require new answers. INCOSE’s Vision 2025 identifies the development of Systems Thinking and Technical Leadership as one of seven key areas of Systems Engineering Competencies.
A very short and compact introduction to the great field of Systems (Design and) Engineering. I gave this presentation on September 7th at the Opening of the Industry Academy at University College of Southeast Norway, in Kongsberg, Norway.
Improving MBSE maturity with open-source tool Capella Obeo
MBSE aims at transitioning the Systems Engineering practice from a document-centric approach to a model-centric approach. It is envisioned to be the next shift enhancing significantly our systems engineering capacities, in order to cope with the steadily growing systems' complexity. Although MBSE has been a trending topic over the last few years, its adoption among systems engineers is still growing slowly.
In this presentation, Stephane Lacrampe will introduced some of the challenges in MBSE adoption and explained how the Arcadia method and the Capella tool are enablers for accelerating MBSE adoption among the systems engineering community.
Competency is a measure of an individual’s ability in terms of knowledge, skills, and behaviour to perform a given role in the Systems Engineering processes. The competency planning and deployment of Systems Engineering competencies are considered as one key factor in the successful re-industrialisation and digital transformation of Europe.
ISECF can be applied in the context of any application, project, organisation or enterprise for both individual and/or organisational assessment and/or development.
In an increasingly complex world, sometimes old questions require new answers. INCOSE’s Vision 2025 identifies the development of Systems Thinking and Technical Leadership as one of seven key areas of Systems Engineering Competencies.
A very short and compact introduction to the great field of Systems (Design and) Engineering. I gave this presentation on September 7th at the Opening of the Industry Academy at University College of Southeast Norway, in Kongsberg, Norway.
Improving MBSE maturity with open-source tool Capella Obeo
MBSE aims at transitioning the Systems Engineering practice from a document-centric approach to a model-centric approach. It is envisioned to be the next shift enhancing significantly our systems engineering capacities, in order to cope with the steadily growing systems' complexity. Although MBSE has been a trending topic over the last few years, its adoption among systems engineers is still growing slowly.
In this presentation, Stephane Lacrampe will introduced some of the challenges in MBSE adoption and explained how the Arcadia method and the Capella tool are enablers for accelerating MBSE adoption among the systems engineering community.
CapellaDays2022 | Thales DMS | A global engineering process based on MBSE to ...Obeo
Project Challenges
functional and non-functional requirements
big team, multi-business units, and multi-geographical sites
MBSE skills development
...
Project engineering process based on MBSE
multi-level MBSE approach (SSS, SSDD, transition to sub-systems, ...)
incremental engineering and AGILE development
engineering artefacts used and how they're linked (ARCADIA, conventional and AGILE artefacts)
Feed Forward
Our successes and pains
What we expect from Capella for the coming years
Presenter: Pawel Chadzynski, Aras
To deal with growing product complexity and tie requirements through functional, logical and physical product structure (RFLP), organizations are moving to implement Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). Learn how to take the "BS" out of MBSE and provide a foundation for tomorrow's product development processes.
ArchiMate 3.0: A New Standard for ArchitectureIver Band
This keynote presentation from the July 2016 Open Group Austin Conference introduces the new version of the ArchiMate standard. ArchiMate 3.0 extends the language with various concepts that help enterprise architects tackle challenges in digital transformation and business change. This major new version introduces explicit support for capability-based planning, and improves linkage between business strategy and all architecture layers. ArchiMate 3.0 also enables modelers to describe the Internet of Things and the systems of the physical world, such as manufacturing and logistics. In addition, the new version supports more compact and intuitive visual models. This presentation includes examples that use these improvements and demonstrates how architects can benefit from them.
CapellaDays2022 | Saratech | Interface Control Document Generation and Linkag...Obeo
Generation of Interface Control Documents (ICDs) using a model-based method has a number of advantages over text-based approaches. This paper describes the Python-based software that was written to automatically generate different versions of an ICD from a structure model in Capella. One use case for this approach is checking parts changes captured in the Engineering Bill of Materials (EBOM) using a PLM tool. We demonstrate an automated workflow that links changes in the EBOM to a request to vet the change against the ICD. This presentation will discuss our rationale, approach, results, and lessons learned.
CapellaDays2022 | Thales | Stairway to heaven: Climbing the very first stepsObeo
We MBSE enthusiasts love to imagine or witness sophisticated model-based engineering practices. We dream or in the best cases take advantage of digital continuity, automation, large-scale consistency, integration of disciplines, and end-to-end impact analyses.
However, not all of our architect and engineer fellows are in a situation in which they can appreciate sophistication of engineering practices the same way as we do. Entangled in everyday problems and facing the pressure to deliver, they perceive the introduction of model-based practices as an additional risk for a benefit that too often appears intangible.
Reaching the top of the stairs requires climbing the very first steps. This talk focuses on one of the most challenging aspects of MBSE deployment: lowering the height of the first steps. Paired with a pragmatic and incremental change management strategy, Capella and its add-ons are precious helpers.
[ Capella Day 2019 ] Model-based safety analysis on Capella using Component F...Obeo
The importance of mission or safety-critical software systems in many application domains of embedded systems is continuously growing, and so is the effort and complexity for reliability and safety analysis. Model-based system engineering (MBSE) is currently one of the key approaches to cope with increasing system complexity.
With Component Fault Trees (CFTs) there is a model- and component-based methodology for safety analysis, which extends the advantages of model-based development to safety & reliability engineering. In this talk, we demonstrate how to ease the development of safety-critical systems in industrial practice by extending MBSE in Capella with model-based safety analysis using Component Fault Tree methodology.
Marc Zeller, Siemens Corporate Engineering
Marc Zeller works as a research scientist at Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, in Munich since 2014. His research interests are focused on the model-based safety and reliability engineering of complex software-intensive embedded systems. Marc Zeller studied Computer Science at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and graduated in 2007. He obtained a PhD from the University of Augsburg in 2013 for his work on self-adaptation in networked embedded systems at the Fraunhofer Institute for Embedded Systems and Communication Technologies ESK in Munich.
CapellaDays2022 | COMAC - PGM | How We Use Capella for Collaborative Design i...Obeo
COMAC is one of the leading suppliers of civil aircraft in the world. We will introduce how we use Capella in COMAC for collaborative design, including how to collaborate between overall design group and ATA design groups, and how to collaborate between different ATA design groups. We have done a series of extension development based on the System to Subsystem Transition add-on, to support the business process. These extensions include the integration from subsystem models to system model, the refinement of functional exchanges, the synchronization of newly added functional exchanges, and so on.
Architecture frameworks provide an approach to describing systems and the presentation of these elements and relationships to deliver the stakeholder needs. Essentially, frameworks provide templates for our engineering artefacts.
The design of a framework must accommodate a level of freedom in its usage; specific enough to answer the majority of stakeholder concerns whilst generic enough to allow for differences between projects. This balancing act often results in framework design being more generic to allow for a wider audience. Having an untailored framework, which is more ‘open’, can lead to creating inconsistent viewpoints.
Arcadia is one such framework as implemented through the Capella tool. The framework provides 4 perspectives/levels for product definition:
- The Operational Analysis, where the user needs are considered. Note: no concept of the System at this level.
- The System Analysis, where we define the contribution and scope of the System as a ‘black box’, identifying external interfaces, and top-level system functions.
- The Logical Architecture, where we break the System down into logical ‘blocks’ and decompose the functionality.
- The Physical Architecture, in which we define a (candidate) physical architecture, further decompose the functions, and deploy this functionality to the physical sub-systems, hardware, software and/or firmware.
In this talk, we acknowledge the strengths of the Arcadia framework, and the benefits it brings, whilst considering the need to tailor the generic viewpoints. We will provide examples of how we have adopted the generic Arcadia framework and further specified some of the viewpoints to meet the needs of our stakeholders. We will discuss future work looking at how we can translate these specialisations across other areas of the model. Finally, we will provide some suggestions and advice on tailoring views to meet your own needs and ensuring stakeholder engagement with the model.
Nowadays, we are surrounded by system of systems, autonomous systems, interconnected systems or distributed heterogeneous systems with an increase in architecture complexity.
Keeping these systems operational is a challenge as the number of potential failures which may affect their availability also increases drastically. In order to optimize availability, maintenance activities have to be designed within the design phase of the system.
Whatever the implementation choice, detection, diagnostic or prevention of failures require tests.
The goal for autonomous systems also pushes towards embedded detection and prevention capabilities and thus arguing and decision making between system engineers and maintenance engineers to share solutions in their respective activities.
In this presentation, we talk about the ability of a system designed with Capella to be tested, including in the maintenance phase. This means to interconnect several kinds of models representing different perspectives: System Design (MBSE), RAMS Analysis (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety) and Testability.
We present how a MBSE approach with Capella can be used to initiate a testability study performed with the eXpress tool from DSI International.
From the 1966 creation of SHAKEY, the first modern mobile robot, to the 2007 creation of ROS, the most common robot development framework, university classrooms and research labs have created the leading hardware platforms, algorithms, tools, and best practices for robot development. In this session, learn how educators use AWS RoboMaker, a service that makes it easy to develop, test, and deploy intelligent robotics applications at scale, to help train the next generation of roboticists, and to enable research labs to continue developing state of the art robotics capabilities.
[ Capella Day 2019 ] Capella integration with TeamcenterObeo
The main reason we do product architecture is to communicate to downstream product development what they need to build, thus the need to integrate the Capella product architecture with the product lifecycle through PLM (Product Lifecycle Management). Siemens’ Teamcenter PLM is used by millions of developers around the world in thousands of organizations. Capella is being integrated with Teamcenter enabling it to actively participate in the product lifecycle to drive the entire product development process.
This session will provide an update on Siemens’ PLM integration progress and demonstrate the value of a Capella enabled product lifecycle.
Christoph Marhold, Siemens PLM Software
Systems Engineering is a very broad , overarching, and generally applicable engineering discipline. Many types of systems are developed using SE. These include biomedical systems, space vehicle systems, weapon systems, transportation systems, and so on.
Systems Engineering involves the coordination of work performed by engineers from all other engineering disciplines (electrical, mechanical, computer, software, etc.) as required to complete the engineering work on the project/program.
CapellaDays2022 | Thales DMS | A global engineering process based on MBSE to ...Obeo
Project Challenges
functional and non-functional requirements
big team, multi-business units, and multi-geographical sites
MBSE skills development
...
Project engineering process based on MBSE
multi-level MBSE approach (SSS, SSDD, transition to sub-systems, ...)
incremental engineering and AGILE development
engineering artefacts used and how they're linked (ARCADIA, conventional and AGILE artefacts)
Feed Forward
Our successes and pains
What we expect from Capella for the coming years
Presenter: Pawel Chadzynski, Aras
To deal with growing product complexity and tie requirements through functional, logical and physical product structure (RFLP), organizations are moving to implement Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). Learn how to take the "BS" out of MBSE and provide a foundation for tomorrow's product development processes.
ArchiMate 3.0: A New Standard for ArchitectureIver Band
This keynote presentation from the July 2016 Open Group Austin Conference introduces the new version of the ArchiMate standard. ArchiMate 3.0 extends the language with various concepts that help enterprise architects tackle challenges in digital transformation and business change. This major new version introduces explicit support for capability-based planning, and improves linkage between business strategy and all architecture layers. ArchiMate 3.0 also enables modelers to describe the Internet of Things and the systems of the physical world, such as manufacturing and logistics. In addition, the new version supports more compact and intuitive visual models. This presentation includes examples that use these improvements and demonstrates how architects can benefit from them.
CapellaDays2022 | Saratech | Interface Control Document Generation and Linkag...Obeo
Generation of Interface Control Documents (ICDs) using a model-based method has a number of advantages over text-based approaches. This paper describes the Python-based software that was written to automatically generate different versions of an ICD from a structure model in Capella. One use case for this approach is checking parts changes captured in the Engineering Bill of Materials (EBOM) using a PLM tool. We demonstrate an automated workflow that links changes in the EBOM to a request to vet the change against the ICD. This presentation will discuss our rationale, approach, results, and lessons learned.
CapellaDays2022 | Thales | Stairway to heaven: Climbing the very first stepsObeo
We MBSE enthusiasts love to imagine or witness sophisticated model-based engineering practices. We dream or in the best cases take advantage of digital continuity, automation, large-scale consistency, integration of disciplines, and end-to-end impact analyses.
However, not all of our architect and engineer fellows are in a situation in which they can appreciate sophistication of engineering practices the same way as we do. Entangled in everyday problems and facing the pressure to deliver, they perceive the introduction of model-based practices as an additional risk for a benefit that too often appears intangible.
Reaching the top of the stairs requires climbing the very first steps. This talk focuses on one of the most challenging aspects of MBSE deployment: lowering the height of the first steps. Paired with a pragmatic and incremental change management strategy, Capella and its add-ons are precious helpers.
[ Capella Day 2019 ] Model-based safety analysis on Capella using Component F...Obeo
The importance of mission or safety-critical software systems in many application domains of embedded systems is continuously growing, and so is the effort and complexity for reliability and safety analysis. Model-based system engineering (MBSE) is currently one of the key approaches to cope with increasing system complexity.
With Component Fault Trees (CFTs) there is a model- and component-based methodology for safety analysis, which extends the advantages of model-based development to safety & reliability engineering. In this talk, we demonstrate how to ease the development of safety-critical systems in industrial practice by extending MBSE in Capella with model-based safety analysis using Component Fault Tree methodology.
Marc Zeller, Siemens Corporate Engineering
Marc Zeller works as a research scientist at Siemens AG, Corporate Technology, in Munich since 2014. His research interests are focused on the model-based safety and reliability engineering of complex software-intensive embedded systems. Marc Zeller studied Computer Science at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and graduated in 2007. He obtained a PhD from the University of Augsburg in 2013 for his work on self-adaptation in networked embedded systems at the Fraunhofer Institute for Embedded Systems and Communication Technologies ESK in Munich.
CapellaDays2022 | COMAC - PGM | How We Use Capella for Collaborative Design i...Obeo
COMAC is one of the leading suppliers of civil aircraft in the world. We will introduce how we use Capella in COMAC for collaborative design, including how to collaborate between overall design group and ATA design groups, and how to collaborate between different ATA design groups. We have done a series of extension development based on the System to Subsystem Transition add-on, to support the business process. These extensions include the integration from subsystem models to system model, the refinement of functional exchanges, the synchronization of newly added functional exchanges, and so on.
Architecture frameworks provide an approach to describing systems and the presentation of these elements and relationships to deliver the stakeholder needs. Essentially, frameworks provide templates for our engineering artefacts.
The design of a framework must accommodate a level of freedom in its usage; specific enough to answer the majority of stakeholder concerns whilst generic enough to allow for differences between projects. This balancing act often results in framework design being more generic to allow for a wider audience. Having an untailored framework, which is more ‘open’, can lead to creating inconsistent viewpoints.
Arcadia is one such framework as implemented through the Capella tool. The framework provides 4 perspectives/levels for product definition:
- The Operational Analysis, where the user needs are considered. Note: no concept of the System at this level.
- The System Analysis, where we define the contribution and scope of the System as a ‘black box’, identifying external interfaces, and top-level system functions.
- The Logical Architecture, where we break the System down into logical ‘blocks’ and decompose the functionality.
- The Physical Architecture, in which we define a (candidate) physical architecture, further decompose the functions, and deploy this functionality to the physical sub-systems, hardware, software and/or firmware.
In this talk, we acknowledge the strengths of the Arcadia framework, and the benefits it brings, whilst considering the need to tailor the generic viewpoints. We will provide examples of how we have adopted the generic Arcadia framework and further specified some of the viewpoints to meet the needs of our stakeholders. We will discuss future work looking at how we can translate these specialisations across other areas of the model. Finally, we will provide some suggestions and advice on tailoring views to meet your own needs and ensuring stakeholder engagement with the model.
Nowadays, we are surrounded by system of systems, autonomous systems, interconnected systems or distributed heterogeneous systems with an increase in architecture complexity.
Keeping these systems operational is a challenge as the number of potential failures which may affect their availability also increases drastically. In order to optimize availability, maintenance activities have to be designed within the design phase of the system.
Whatever the implementation choice, detection, diagnostic or prevention of failures require tests.
The goal for autonomous systems also pushes towards embedded detection and prevention capabilities and thus arguing and decision making between system engineers and maintenance engineers to share solutions in their respective activities.
In this presentation, we talk about the ability of a system designed with Capella to be tested, including in the maintenance phase. This means to interconnect several kinds of models representing different perspectives: System Design (MBSE), RAMS Analysis (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety) and Testability.
We present how a MBSE approach with Capella can be used to initiate a testability study performed with the eXpress tool from DSI International.
From the 1966 creation of SHAKEY, the first modern mobile robot, to the 2007 creation of ROS, the most common robot development framework, university classrooms and research labs have created the leading hardware platforms, algorithms, tools, and best practices for robot development. In this session, learn how educators use AWS RoboMaker, a service that makes it easy to develop, test, and deploy intelligent robotics applications at scale, to help train the next generation of roboticists, and to enable research labs to continue developing state of the art robotics capabilities.
[ Capella Day 2019 ] Capella integration with TeamcenterObeo
The main reason we do product architecture is to communicate to downstream product development what they need to build, thus the need to integrate the Capella product architecture with the product lifecycle through PLM (Product Lifecycle Management). Siemens’ Teamcenter PLM is used by millions of developers around the world in thousands of organizations. Capella is being integrated with Teamcenter enabling it to actively participate in the product lifecycle to drive the entire product development process.
This session will provide an update on Siemens’ PLM integration progress and demonstrate the value of a Capella enabled product lifecycle.
Christoph Marhold, Siemens PLM Software
Systems Engineering is a very broad , overarching, and generally applicable engineering discipline. Many types of systems are developed using SE. These include biomedical systems, space vehicle systems, weapon systems, transportation systems, and so on.
Systems Engineering involves the coordination of work performed by engineers from all other engineering disciplines (electrical, mechanical, computer, software, etc.) as required to complete the engineering work on the project/program.
ISO 29110 Software Quality Model For Software SMEsMoutasm Tamimi
ISO 29110 model in 2017
Systems and Software Life Cycle Profiles and Guidelines for Very Small Entities (VSEs) International Standards (IS) and Technical Reports (TR) are targeted at Very Small Entities (VSEs). A Very Small Entity (VSE) is an enterprise, an organization, a department or a project having up to 25 people. The ISO/IEC 29110 is a series of international standards entitled "Systems and Software Engineering — Lifecycle Profiles for Very Small Entities (VSEs)"
What is Software or System ?
How to develop a good Software or System ?
What attributes of designing a good Software or System ?
Which methodology should be to design a good Software or System ?
What is SDLC ?
How many phases available in SDLC ?
Information System Acquisition & Lifecycle: system acquisition process, phases: Initiation, Planning, Procurement, System Development, System Implementation, Maintenance & Operations, and Closeout. development models.
Acquisition Of Defense Materiel Starts With More Questions Than AnswersBernardo A. Delicado
Es necesario separar el dominio de la necesidad del dominio de la solución a lo largo del proceso de obtención de los Sistemas de Armas. Partir con respuestas preconcebidas sobre la solución no permite identificar las necesidades militares reales a cubrir, entender las alternativas de solución y de entre estas la óptima. La Ingeniería de Sistemas proporciona el marco para conseguir esta separación de dominios, por ello resulta prioritario en los procesos de obtención implantar esta disciplina que además permite tener un enfoque más holístico y sinérgico que integre desde el primer momento la visión de todos los actores. Además ayuda a dar respuesta a la complejidad de forma que las soluciones equilibren factores militares, humanos, económicos, tecnológicos y medioambientales, todos ellos fuertemente interrelacionados.
A pressing need for a true Systemic Technical Leadership in High-Tech Compani...Bernardo A. Delicado
Today’s business environment is more complex than ever. The complexity of globalisation and technology is putting demands on leaders of the 21st century, but not just any type of leaders, more than ever before, organisations around the globe trying to address today’s complex challenges or responding to radical change need technical leaders that render old ways of thinking inadequate for our current reality. As a result of that INCOSE’s Vision 2025 identifies the development of Systems Thinking and Technical Leadership as one of seven key areas of Systems Engineering Competency. Systems thinking is critical, as is the ability to continuously scan the environment in search of subtle trends and indicators of disruptive change, and the Technical Leadership role of the systems engineer on a project will be well established as critical to the success of a project. While not all systems engineers are technical leaders, all good technical leaders are systems thinkers, and they may be called systemic technical leaders. Beyond any doubt, and without fear of being mistaken, we can and must categorically affirm that the Systemic Technical leadership will be essential for innovation and transformation in High-Tech companies in a fast-changing world.
In a project Systems Engineering ensures the overall integrity of the design considering the space segment, the ground segment and the launch vehicle. Systems Engineering is an accepted practice in the space industry with an unstoppable growth and evolution because it brings a multi-disciplinary perspective that is critical to system product innovation, defect reduction and customer satisfaction. A systems engineer is a person who designs space missions and their vehicles by working together with engineers in the necessary disciplines. The technical leadership role of the systems engineer on a project is critical to the success of space projects driven by high safety and performance requirements, that is why demand is soaring for systems engineers in the space industries and government agencies worldwide ( including Spain). The session will help you to understand what makes an Effective Systems Engineer in terms of the expected competencies and the meaning of a Systems Engineering career path to a professional practitioner according to the world's leading organisations in the Space sector.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
3. System of Interest
3
A system-of-interest is a collective set of all
elements of any system considered by a life
cycle. ( Source : SEBok )
The system whose life cycle is under
consideration. ( Source : ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 )
The perception and definition of a particular system, its
architecture and its system elements depend on an
observer’s interests and responsibilities. One person’s
system of interest can be viewed as a system element in
another person’s system-of-interest. Conversely, it can be
viewed as being part of the environment of operation
for another person’s system-of-interest.
( Source : ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 )
4. System Life Cycle
4
A life cycle for a system generally
consists of a series of stages
regulated by a set of
management decisions which
confirm that the system is mature
enough to leave one stage and
enter another
( Source : SEBoK)
( Source:NATO)
6. Perspectives of the same
problem
6
Judgment of how they should be balanced must come from a
deep understanding of how this system works
7. Origins of Systems Engineering
7
1937 British multidisciplinary team to analize the air defence system
1939-45 Bell Labs supports NIKE development ( 1st US operational anti-aircraft missile system )
and Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBM) Program.
1951-60 SAGE ( Semi-automatic Ground Enviroment ) Air Defense System defined and
managed by MIT/Jay Forrester
1956 Invention of systems analysis by RAND corp.
1960-70 Apollo Program
First SE standards ( e.g. MIL-STD 499, NASA procedures )
1962 Publication of Arthur D. Hall – A Methodology for Systems Engineering
1989 EIA recognizes SE as important part of system development
1990 NCOSE is founded
1990-2000 Release of SE standards IEEE 1220, EIA 632
1994 NCOSE renamed to INCOSE
2002 Release of ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288
2008 App. 6500 INCOSE members worldwide
2009-2012 Systems Engineering Body of Knowledge (SEBoK)
2019 17000+ INCOSE members worldwide (70+ Chapters 35+ Countries )
2023 INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook version 5
14. What does it mean System Life Cycle
Management ( SLCM)
14
System performing a capability , needs a SoI in a mature organization
Life dynamic development of a system through Stages
Cycle cyclic workflow of Processes in Stages
Management Preparation and execution of decisions through tools
and methods; needs a process-oriented organization and defined
responsibilities.
( Source:NATO)
16. System Life Cycle Management ( SLCM)
in NATO
16
Effective SLCM produces a System and manages that
System through its operational life to fill a capability
gap!
( Source:NATO)
18. NATO SLCM Framework
18
A standardization agreement ( STANAG ) defines processes, procedures,
terms, and conditions for common military or technical procedures or
equipment between the member countries of the alliance.
Each NATO state ratifies a STANAG and implements it within their own
military.
( Source:NATO)
19. STANAG 4728
19
Modified on
16-05-2022
AAP-48 establishes a
common framework and
a set of processes and
terminology to be
applied in the acquisition
of NATO armament
systems.
AAP-20 establishes a
common framework and
a life cycle model to be
applied in the acquisition
of NATO armament
systems.
( Source:NATO)
20. Military Capability vs STANAG 4728
20
Date of ratification by Spain : 08/05/2015
Date of national implementation : 01/01/2018
( Source:NATO)
21. NATO Adoption of
ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288:2015
21
• Provides a common, integrated and broad framework for managing systems
throughout the life cycle ( applicable to any life cycle model )
• Defines a set of processes, concept and terminology
• Focuses on the “what”, not the “how”
NATO use ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 as the
basis for implementing SLCM (to adopt
it for NATO purposes)
Technical and Technical Management
Processes are the focal point pillars for
NATO Life Cycle Processes
Agreement and Organizational
Project-Enabling processes are still
important, but with few NATO-specific
guidance needed
( Source:NATO)
22. ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288
22
To define the activities necessary to establish
an agreement between two organizations.
To define the requirements for a system, to
transform the requirements into an effective
product, to permit consistent reproduction of the
product where necessary, to use the product to
provide the required services, to sustain the
provision of those services and to dispose of the
product when it is retired from service.
To help ensure the organization’s capability
to acquire and supply products or services
through the initiation, support and control of
projects. They provide resources and
infrastructure necessary to support projects
To establish and evolve plans, to execute the plans, to assess
actual achievement and progress against the plans and to
control execution through to fulfillment. Individual Technical
Management Processes may be invoked at any time in the
life cycle and at any level
The Vee model is implemented within organizations
through the technical processes
V
23. Technical Processes ISO 15288 (i)
23
Business or mission analysis process
To define the business or mission problem or opportunity, characterize the solution space, and determine
the potential solution class(es) that could address a problem or take advantage of an opportunity
Stakeholder needs and requirement definition process
To define the stakeholder requirements for a system that can provide the capabilities needed by users and
other stakeholders in a defined environment
System requirement definition process
To transform the stakeholder, user-oriented view of desired capabilities into a technical view of a solution
that meets the operational needs of the user
Architecture definition process
To generate system architecture alternatives, to select one of more alternative(s) that frame stakeholder
concerns and meet system requirements, and to express this in a set of consistent views
Design definition process
To provide sufficient detailed data and information about the system and its elements to enable the
implementation consistent with architectural entities as defined in models and views of the system
architecture
System analysis process
To provide a rigorous basis for data and information for technical understanding to aid decision-making
across the life cycle
( Source: ISO 15288)
24. Technical Processes ISO 15288 (ii)
24
Implementation process
To realize a specified system element
Integration process
To synthesize a set of system elements into a realized system (product or service) that satisfies system
requirements, architecture, and design
Verification process
To provide objective evidence that a system or system element fulfills its specified requirements and
characteristics
Transition process
To establish a capability for a system to provide services specified by stakeholder requirements in the
operational environment
Validation process
To provide objective evidence that the system, when in use, fulfills its business or mission objectives and
stakeholder requirements, achieving its intended use in its intended operational environment
Operation process
To use the system to deliver its services
Maintenance process
To sustain the capability of the system to provide a service
Disposal process
To end the existence of a system element or system for a specified intended use, to appropriately handle
replaced retired elements, and to properly attend to identified critical disposal needs
( Source: ISO 15288)
25. Technical Management Processes ISO 15288
25
Project Planning process
To produce and coordinate effective and workable plans
Project Assessment and Control process
To assess if the plans are aligned and feasible; determine the status of the project, technical
and process performance; and direct execution to ensure that the performance is according to plans and
schedules, within projected budgets, to satisfy technical objectives.
Decision Management process
To provide a structured, analytical framework for objectively identifying, characterizing and evaluating a
set of alternatives for a decision at any point in the life cycle and select the most beneficial course of
action.
Risk Management process
To identify, analyze, treat and monitor the risks continually.
Configuration Management process
to manage and control system elements and configurations over the life cycle. CM also manages
consistency between a product and its associated configuration definition
Information Management process
To generate, obtain, confirm, transform, retain, retrieve, disseminate and dispose of information, to
designated stakeholders.
Measurement process
To collect, analyze, and report objective data and information to support effective management and
demonstrate the quality of the products, services, and processes
Quality Assurance process
To help ensure the effective application of the organization’s Quality Management process to the project
( Source: ISO 15288)
26. Organizational Project‐Enabling
Processes ISO 15288
26
Life Cycle Model Management process
To define, maintain, and assure availability of policies, life cycle processes, life cycle models, and
procedures for use by the organization.
Infrastructure Management process
To provide the infrastructure and services to projects to support organization and project objectives
throughout the life cycle.
Portfolio Management process
To initiate and sustain necessary, sufficient and suitable projects in order to meet the strategic objectives of
the organization.
Human Resource Management process
To provide the organization with necessary human resources and to maintain their competencies,
consistent with business needs
Quality Management process
is to assure that products, services and implementations of the quality management process meet
organizational and project quality objectives and achieve customer satisfaction.
Knowledge Management process
To create the capability and assets that enable the organization to exploit opportunities to re‐apply existing
knowledge.
27. Agreement Processes ISO 15288
27
Acquisition process
To obtain a product or service in accordance with the acquirer’s requirements.
Supply process
To provide an acquirer with a product or service that meets agreed requirements.
( Source: ISO 15288)
29. Alignment of Key Systems and Software
Engineering Standards
29
• In the past, Systems and Software standards have had different:
• Terminology
• Process sets
• Process structures
• Levels of prescription
• Audiences
• The problem has been exacerbated by competing standards, in whole
or part
• The Impact :
• Less effective/efficient processes, not focused on leveraging commonalities
– causes redundancy
• Less effective solutions not focused on a common approach to solve a
problem/need
( Source: INCOSE)
30. 30
ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 “Systems and Software Engineering
- System Life Cycle Processes”
• A standard developed by the consensus of SE experts from
government, industry, and academia.
• Provides a common, comprehensive & integrated framework for
describing and managing the full life cycle of systems for:
• Small, medium and large organizations
• Internal self-imposed use, as well as providing a basis for contractual
arrangements (i.e., any agreement)
• Applicable to most domains
• Defines a set of processes and associated terminology
• Can be applied at any level in the hierarchy of a system across its life
cycle
• Applies to man-made systems configured with one or more of the
following:
• Hardware, software, humans, or processes
Systems Engineering Authoritative
References (i)
31. Systems Engineering Authoritative
References (ii)
31
The SE Body of Knowledge (SEBoK)
• Reflects the state-of-the-knowledge of Systems Engineering
• Provides a widely accepted, community-based, and regularly
updated baseline of systems engineering (SE) knowledge
• Based on ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288
The INCOSE SE Handbook (SEH)
• Reflects the state-of-the-good-practice of Systems Engineering
• Based on ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288
• Further elaborates the processes and activities to execute the
processes
• Serves as a reference of practices and methods that have
proven beneficial to the SE community at large
33. Benefits of Using ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288
33
Helps focus system management across the life cycle by providing:
• Insight into what should be assessed
• A holistic view of engineering the system (software, hardware, humans,
and processes)
• A process framework that:
• Is easy to tailor to meet project/organization needs
• Reduces risk across the life cycle
• A basis for:
• Stage-based life cycle models
• Communicating with all stakeholders
• Coordinating work
• Managing agreements
( Source: INCOSE)
34. Recommendations and pitfalls for the
introduction of SE
34
• Put SE on the management agenda and show enthusiasm
• Show the added value offered by SE and let someone with experience explain
the advantages
• Be aware and spread the notion that SE affects the entire organization
• Identify the competencies that are required based on project ( right people,
right training and education )
• Give staff room and time for training and development
• View the design as a whole
• Recognize that there are different SE roles
No experience yet ? Start with a pilot project
36. Need to adapt SE approaches
36
Only a successful tailoring of stages, processes and activities will
build the baseline to pass through a successful Project/program
( Source: NATO)
38. Global View of the Applicable Standards
38
ARP 4754 refers to, and complements, ARP 4761 by presenting a systems
engineering process model for airworthiness certification of aircraft, systems
and items. ARP4754 includes safety assessment of software and electronic
hardware, supported by DO-178 for software and DO-254 for electronic
hardware.
39. ARP 4754A Integral Process
39
Although ARP 4754 is focused on safety implications between the life cycle
processes, its weakness is it doesn’t provide enough detailed information for
each development elements like configuration management, requirements
management, system analysis, systems architecting, etc.
40. Systems Engineering Process and Safety
compliant with ARP 4754A
40
Safety assessments should start at the early stage of development. The
requirement definition phase is tightly coupled with the safety assessment
process. Safety requirements at all levels of system development should be
identified, and the implemented system/aircraft must meet those requirements.
ARP 4754A figure above shows how requirements are decomposed from higher
level to lower level and how safety is managed throughout the design life cycle
for airworthiness certification.
41. Airworthiness Certification
41
The aim of airworthiness certification is to argue that the aircraft is safe and in
compliance with the applicable safety requirements
Initial airworthiness assessment is primarily performed in the early stages of the
life cycle of an aircraft, but also revisited whenever an operational aircraft is
modified or needs to undergo a major repair that requires design.
42. ISO 15288 – Processes mention Safety
and link with ARP 4754
42
The use of ISO 15288 to support an EMAR 21 design assurance system has the potential to
increase the quality and efficiency of its airworthiness certification process. In particular,
the implementation of ISO 15288 has the potential to provide better communication,
better methodical and disciplined approach, improved information flow between
stakeholders, and a clearer picture of the responsibilities.
43. Recursion and Iteration of ISO 15288
Processes
43
Recursion occurs when a
process is applied to
successive levels of system
elements within a system
structure.
Iteration occurs when
processes are repeated at
the same system level.
44. Conclusions
44
• The application of Systems Engineering brings benefits to individual systems
performance and whole aircraft design and integration.
• There is a need to apply a Systems Engineering approach to the aircraft systems
as well as the avionics systems deployed by the aircraft and weapons systems in
the performance of its military role.
• The dimensions of cost and elapsed time to develop and build a system,
together with its inherent reliability and safety throughout its life, are also all
critically dependent on effective Systems Engineering from the outset, including
reduction of risks and optimization of the global life cycle cost.
• Projects will succeed or flounder on the basis of how well the Systems
Engineering approach has informed decision making relating to the definition of
responsibilities between, for example, customers and suppliers, industrial partners
or members of an alliance or team.
• Systems Engineering aims at implementing a top-down approach but also
making a provision for reuse in a bottom-up approach.
45. Conclusions
45
• Systems Engineering must embed the system safety effort into its processes from
the outset.
• EMAR 21 compliant military design organization must use Systems Engineering
and recognized system safety standards for civilian aircraft to create an
integrated process framework for efficient and effective airworthiness
certification of military aircraft.
• The ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 is the most known Systems Engineering standard and
most other standards within the Systems Engineering domain rely on or refer to
this standard.
• Implementing these ISO/IEC/IEEE 15288 processes has the potential to improve
the operational effectiveness in the life cycle of a military air system.