This document summarizes the five periods of Zulu literature: 1. The pre-colonial period before 1835 focused on oral traditions like folktales, poems, and songs. 2. The mission period from 1835-1910 saw the introduction of writing through mission schools and presses. Important early writers included Allen Gardener and John Colenso. 3. The nationalist period from 1910-1948 produced writers like John Langalibalele Dube and BW Vilakazi who wrote about Zulu history and culture. 4. The apartheid period from 1948-1994 saw a rise in politically conscious writing that criticized aspects of apartheid rule. Writers included Kenneth Bhengu and Sibusiso Ny

1. Umlando wemibhalo
yesiZulu

2.  Umlando wemibhalo yesizulu uhlukene izigaba ezinhlanu. Kukhona
isikhathi esingaphambi kokuthi kufike abeLungu, nesingathi kusadliwa
ngoludala. Isikhathi samamishini, isikhathi sezingqalabutho, isikhathi
sobandlululo kanye nesikhathi senkululeko. Sizobheka lezi zikhathi
ngokulandelana kwazo:

3. A) Kusadliwa ngoludala
Lesi yisikhathi esingaphambi kwezinsuku zabacindezeli. Lapha singathi
yisikhathi sangaphambi konyaka we-1835. Ngalesi sikhathi impilo
yayingathintwa noma iphazanyiswe ngabezizwe noma ondlebezikhanya
ilanga. Lapha sibona ukubumbeka kwesizwe sikaZulu. Lesi sikhathi
kwakungekho lutho olubhalwa phansi. Imibhalo esunguliwe ngalesi
sikhathi kwakuyimibhalo ewubuciko bomlomo. Kubalulekile ukusazi lesi
sigaba ngenxa yokuthi ubuciko bomlomo: izinganekwane, izibongo,
izigiyo, njll, kube nomthelela omkhulu emibhalweni yesiZulu ikakhulukazi
uma sibheka imibhalo okuyiyona eyavula indlela yokulotshwa
kwemibhalo esiZulwini. Izibongo zaba nomthelela ekusungulweni
kwezinkondlo kanti izinganekwane zona zaba nomthelela ezindabeni
ezibhalwayo zibe yingxoxo. Izibonelo yizibongo zesimanje esisazibona
zisaqhubeka. Umdlalo wokuqala oshicilelwe phansi wesiZulu osihloko
sithi UGubudele Namazimuzimu ususelwe enganekwaneni kanti iqoqo
lezindaba ezimfushane elithi Woza Nazo liyizinganekwane. Ukuthola
olunye ulwazi ungafunda incwadi ka-CT Msimang ethi The Folktale
Influence on the Zulu Novel.

4. B) Isikhathi samamishini (1835-1910)
Nakuba kukhona ukugxeka ukuthi osomishini babeguqula indlela abantu
ababephila ngayo, nokwaholela ekulahlekeni kwamasiko athile, kukhona
okuhle okweza namamishini. Asiza amamishini ngokwethula indlela
yokubhala. Osomishini yibona abashicilela indlela yokubhala. Ukubhala
kwafika kudala kwaZulu ngenxa yeminyakanyaka yengxabano phakathi
kukaZulu kanye nabandlebe zikhanaya ilanga. Ukubulawa kukaPiet
Retief namabutho akhe nguZuluu Ophathe ngesinye sezigameko
esaphazamisa ukuzinza kwabantu abamhlophe kwaZulu. IMarianhill
Mission School kanye ne-Press (okuyisikhungo sokushicilela izincwadi)
kwagcina kusunguliwe kwelakwaZulu. Phakathi kwabantu ababa
negalelo: osomishini – Allen Gardener, Francis Owen, uNewton Adam,
uGeorge Champion, no-Adlin Grout (nokwethiwa ngaye iGroutvile), John
Colenso (yingakho sinendawo okuthiwa yiColenso ngaseBergville).
Kwaqala kwashicilelwa izingqenye zebhayibheli ngo-1846 kwase
kushicilelwa uhlelo lolimi ngo-1855. Nokudlalwa kwemidlalo yeshashalazi
okwaqala ngeminyaka yawo 1909 – ngaphansi kuka Father Bernard
Huss – eMarianhill. Ukufunda kabanzi ngalokhu ungabheka incwadi
kaSolwazi Bheki Peterson ethi Monarch, Missionaries and African
Intellectuals (2002). Iningi lale midlalo kwakuyimidlalo enkundlanye.

5. C) Isikhathi sezingqalabutho
(1910 - 1948)
Phakathi kwezinye zezingqalabutho singabala
u-Isiah Shembe, owaqala inkonzo yakhe ngo-
1911 eyaziwa ngelaManazaretha noma
uShembe noma inkonzo yasEkuphakameni.
Le nkolo ihlanganisa amasiko esintu
nobuKhrestu. Wayeziqambela ngisho amaculo
(amahubo) enkonzo. UMagema Fuze
washicilela incwadi ethi Abantu Abamnyama
Lapa Bavela Ngakhona. UJohn Langalibalele
Dube, owazalelwa eNanda eThekwini,
nongumsunguli wephephandaba Ilanga. Waba
nguMongameli wokuqala weSouth African
Native National Congess, neyagcina iguquliwe
yaba yi-African National Congress. Ibhuku
lakhe lokuqala lithi = Isitha Somuntu Nguye
Uqobo lwakhe

6. Inoveli lokuqala, elithi Insila KaShaka (1930)
laphuma kulo usiba lukaDube. Wabuye
wabhala incwadi ethi UShembe (1930).
Ngowe-1933 waphinda washicilela incwadi
ethi Ukuziphatha Kahle.
Ababhali bezindaba ezimushane abavela
kulesi sikhathi yilaba: AH Mbhatha noGC
Mdladla = UChakijana Bogcololo (1927);
Violet Dube = Woza Nazo (1935); u-HIE
Dhlomo waqhubeka wabhala ngesiNgisi;
Nimrod NT Ndebele = UGubudele
Namazimuzimu (1937). U-RRR Dhlomo
(ongumfowabo ka-HIE Dhlomo) waziwa
njengoqokuqala omyama ukubhala inoveli
yeseNgisi = African Tragedy: A Novel in
English by A Zulu Writer (1928). Eqinisweni
bakhona ababemandulele: Chaka (T Mofolo);
Mhudi (TS Plaatje)

7. UDhlomo ukubaluleka kwakhe njengomlobi
wukuthi nguyena owaqala indlela ekubhaleni
ngomlando wesizwe sakwaZulu, ikakhulukazi
amakhosi. Nazi izincwadi azibhala eziqukethe
umlando obalulekile: UNomalanga KaNdengezi
(1934), UDingane KaSenzangakhona (1936),
UShaka (1937), UCetshwayo (1952), kanye
nethi UDinizulu (1968).
Enye ingqalabutho esiziqhenya ngayo ngu-
BW Vilakazi. UVilakazi ubuye aziwe ngokuthi
nguBhambatha kaMakhwatha. Leli gama
walithola ngoba wazalwa ngonyaka wempi
kaBhambatha kaMancinza wakwaZondi (ngo-
1906) nokuyimpi eyayilwisana nokuthelelwa
kwamakhanda (Ukhandampondo). Ukubaluleka
kukaVIlakazi emlandweni wukuthi ungumuntu
wokuqala omnyam ukuthola iziqu
zobudokotela = ubuye abe ngumuntu
wokuqala omnyama ukufundisa eWits
University

8. Ngokwemibhalo, nguyena owabhala iqoqo
lokuqala lezinkondlo ukuthi lishicilelwe. Iqoqo
lakhe lithi Inkondlo KaZulu (1935). Waphinde
walandelisa ngelinye iqoqo lezinkondlo elithi
Amal’ Ezulu (1945). Amanoveli akhe,
asiqukathela izingxenye ezithile zomlando
wakithi, abhalwe nguye uVilakazi yalawa:
Noma Nini (1935), UDingiswayo KaJobe
(1939) kanye nethi Nje Nempela (1949).
UVilakazi wedlula emhlabeni ngo-1947
eseneminyaka enga-41.
Enye ingqalabutho esingayibala ngu-EHA
Made owabhala inoveli ethi Indlalifa
YaseHarrisdale (1940), kanye neqoqo
lokuqala lama-eseyi elithi Ubuwula Bexoxo
(1947)

9. D) Isikhathi sobandlululo (1948
– 1994)
Sithola umthelela wobuciko bomlomo ngalesi
siikahthi. Siphinde sithole ababhali begxile
ekubhaleni ngomlando kanye nezomphakathi.
Kulesi sikhathi singabala ukuthi sithola
kuvela ababhali esebabalile ngenhla,
ikakhulukazi uRRR Dhlomo. Kuvela futhi
ababhali abafana noKenneth Bhengu
owabhala: UKhalalembube (1953), UKadebona
(1958) kanye nethi Umbuso Wezembe
Nenkinga KaBhekifa nokuyizincwadi ezigxile
kakhulu emlandweni. Kulesi sikhathi siphinde
sithole imibhalo eveza ububi bedolobha
enhlalweni yabantu. Isibonelo, yinoveli
kaSibusiso Nyembezi ethi Mntanami!
Mntanami!

10. Okubalulekile wukuthi lesi sikhathi saveza
ababhali ababalulekile emibhalweni yesiZulu,
futhi abathanda imibhalo yesiZulu bayibeka
ezingeni eliphakeme:
i. DBZ Ntuli
ii. WMB Mkhize
iii. KS Bhengu
iv. Christian Themba Msimang
v. Joyce Gwayi
vi. Mandla OEH Nxuamlo

11. Ezombusazwe zaba negalelo ekubunjweni
kwemibhalo yesiZulu. Izinga lokufunda
kubantu abadala beliphansi kakhulu, ngakho-
ke izincwadi bezishicilelelwa abafundi,
kungekho ezibhalelwa abantu abadala.
(Yingakho nje iningi lemibhalo lingena
ngaphansi kwemibhalo yesimilo) Izincwadi
bezihlungwa kunamakomidi akhetha okumele
ziye ezikoleni nezingafanele. Incwadi egxeka
inkolo, ethinta ezombangazwe kanye nocansi,
ibingashicilelwa. Naphezu kokuba ababhali
babengavunyelwe ukusola umbuso
woBandlululo, akusho ukuthi babethule du
ngendaba yengcindezelo: uBW Vilakazi
kukhona izinkondlo azibhala ezigxeka
abamhlophe encwadini ethi Amal’ Ezulu.
Nomdlalo efana nokaMsimang othi Izulu
Eladuma ESandlwana (1976) ungumdlalo
okhombisa ukuthi abantu abamnyama yini
abakwazi ukuyenza uma belwela izwe labo.
Ngakho lo mdlalo ungafundwa njengendaba
yomlando kodwa futhi wedlulisa umlayezo

12. E) Isikhathi senkululeko
Kusekuncane esingakuphawula ngalesi
sikhathi. Siyakuthola nokho ukuthi ababhali
besiZulu kanye nabezinye izilimi, sebeyakwazi
ukubhala ngezindikimba obekuthathwa
ngokuthi azivumelekile ukuba kubhalwe
ngazo. Ukusungulwa kochungechunge
lwezincwadi, ngabashicileli bakwaHeinemann
Publishers olwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Mamela
Afrika Series luyinkomba yintshisekelo
yokuthuthukisa imibhalo yabomdabu. Lapha
kuneminye imibhalo esiyitholayo, ekhombisa
ukuhlalisana kwabantu abamnyama
nabamhlophe kanye nokuganana kwabo.
Kanti-ke siphinde sithole imibhalo ekhuluma
ngesimo sabantu abamnyama ngesikhathi
senkululeko. Inoveli ka-Jabulani C Buthelezi
ethi, Impi YaboMdabu Isethunjini iyisibonelo
esihle sezincwadi.

13. Njengoba siphila esikhathini senkulueko, ezinye
izincwadi zikhuluma ngenkulueko yokuzwana
kwabantu abanobulili obufanayo kanye
nokuziguqula ubulili (transsexuality), njengakunoveli
kaNakanjani Sibiya ethi, Bengithi Lizokuna.
Esikhathini senkululeko, sithola inkohlakalo idla
lubi emphakathini, ukudliwa kwezimali
kuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba,
ukudlwengulwa kwabesifazane kuyinto ehlala
isematheni kwabezindaba. Inoveli ka-EDM Sibiya
ethi, Ngiyolibala Ngifile idingida ezinye zalezi
zinto. Njengoba bese sishilo ngenhla,
kusekuncane kusekuncane esingakusho ngesikhathi
senkululeko, imibhalo eminingi isancike esikhathini
sakudala, ababhali abakakhulueki kahle ukubhala
ngezinto ezazaziwa ngokuthi azithintwa.

14. Ngiyabonga!!