Notes for isizulu

1. IZINKONDLO ZOMDABU
DR H. NDEBELE

2. IZINHLOBO ZEZINKONDLO ZOMDABU:
UMSEBENZI WAMAQEMBU
• UMILOLOZELO NEZILANDELO (GROUP 3)-----------------------16:10
• IZANGELO (GROUP 5)-----------------------16:20
• IZITHAKAZELO (GROUP 1 & 10)----------------16:30 &16:40
• AMACULO (GROUP 7)-----------------------16:50
• IZIBONGO
IZIHASHO (GROUP 2)------------17:00
IZIBONGO ZAMAQHAWE/ZAMAKHOSI (GROUP 4 & 8)--------17:10 & 17:20
IZIGIYO (GROUP 9)--------------17:30
UMASKANDI (GROUP 6)--------------17:40
 CHAZA INKONDLO YOMDABU
 YINI UMSEBENZI WAYO
 IZIBONELO
 UBUNKONDLO (IZIFENGQO, ULIMI OLUJULILE, IZAGA NEZISHO ETC)

3. BUYINI UBUNKONDLO
• Ubunkondlo buwulimi olujulile noluhlabahlosile. Esikhathini esiningi
ubunkondlo bucebe ngezifenqo.
• Ubunkondlo wulimi olujulile,olucebe kakhulu ngezifenqo ukuze lukwazi
ukusambulela amaqiniso ngendalo noMdali nezidalwa zakhe
okungamaqiniso afhlakele (Msimang, 1988:19).
• Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngoba uma inkondlo ihaywa kukhona amagama
angazwakali ukuthi athini ngenxa yokucikoza kanye nokunkondloza
kwembongi.
• Kule ncazelo engenhla kuyavela ukuthi ulimi luyahambisana kakhulu
nobunkondlo ngoba ebunkondlweni kumele kusebenze izifenqo, izaga
kanye nezisho.
• Ulimi lungasetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene, lungasebenza
uma umuntu esosizini, esenjabulweni noma umlayezo othile.

4. BUYINI UBUNKONDLO
• ungabona amabutho egida ngokukhulu ukujabula bephindaphinda
inkondlo/iculo. Ukujabula lokhu akusukeli ekuphindaphindweni
kokujika nokushaywa phansi kwezinyawo zabo kuphela kodwa
kungasuka ebumnandini bamagama asetshenzisiwe engomeni
abayigidelayo (Ntuli, 1984: 14)
• Ukheswa noMthiyane (1993: 92) bathi ubunkondlo bungabhekwa
ngezindlela ezahlukene kabili, bathi kungabhekwa ukubumbeka
kwangaphakathi kanye nokubumbeka kwangaphandle kwenkondlo.
• Uma sikhuluma ngokubumbeka kwangaphandle kwenkondlo lapha
sisho izinto ozibona ungakayifundi inkondlo, noma uzizwe lapho
uyihaya. Ezinye zalezo zinto yizindima, ukuhleleka kwemigqa,
Ukuxhumana, imvumelwano, kanye nokunye.

5. IZIMPAWU ZOBUNKONDLO
UMQONDO OCASHILE
• Uma kukhulunywa ngomqondo wezinkondlo kusuke
kubhekwa umongo wenkondlo ukuthi zidlulisa muphi
umnyalezo kwabalalele.
• Zonke izinkondlo zidlulisa umnyalezo othile odingwa
abalalele kodwa ziwudlulisa ngendlela enobuciko
engahambisana nokusina kanyenokukhwahla ihlombe

6. IZIFENQO
• Uma kukhulunywa ngezifenqo kusuke kukhulunywa ngesimo
sokukhuluma esinothisa ulimi silwenze lucebe.
• Izifenqo kungaba igama noma ibinza lamagama asetshenziswayo
kodwa kakusiyona indlela ejwayelekile okusetshenziswa ngayo
noma incazelo ejwayelekile eqondiwe. Inhloso enkulu ukuhlobisa
ulimi lombhali noma isikhulumi. Izifenqo zenza umsebenzi
omkhulu wokuthinta imizwa yolalele (Khathi, 2002:41).
• Izifenqo zenza ukuthi inkulumo ibe nomsoco futhi izwakale
kamnandi kwabalalele.
• Kanti futhi izifenqo zinokugcizelela okuthile okwenza ukuthi
umqondo owedluliswa yigama ucace uthi bha ngenxa
yokusetshenziswa kwesifenqo.

7. IZINHLOBO ZEZIFENQO
ISIFANISO
• Lapha kusuke kufaniswa into nenye into. Lezi zinto zisuke
zehlukene kodwa zinokufana okuthile. Into okusuke
kufaniswa nayo ivame ukuba ngcono kunalena
eqhathaniswa nayo.
• Lapha sisuke siqhathanisa izinto ezimbili ezingefani
ngokuphelele, kodwa nokho kube kukhona okuthile
okutholakala kuzo zombili. Uma siqhathanisa ngale ndlela
siyaye sisebenzise indlela amagama noma izakhi
njengalezi njenga-, nganga-, kuna, fana na-, kuhle kwe-,
okwe njalonjalo (Makhaye, 2000: 38).

8. ISINGATHEKISO
• Esingathekisweni kusuke kuqhathaniswa izinto ezimbili noma
ngaphezulu, bese kuthi eyodwa yazo ibizwe ngalena
eqhathaniswa nayo.
• wuhlobo lokuqhathanisa kodwa olungasebenzisi izakhi
zokuqhathanisa njengesifaniso. Lapha ekungathekiseni into
simane siyibize ngaleyo esiyifanisa nayo okukhomba ukuthi
ziyafana nse. Esikhundleni sokuba kuthiwe into yokuqala ifana
neyesibili kuvele kuthiwe into yokuqala ingeyesibili (Khathi,
2002:8).

9. EZINYE IZINHLOBO ZEZIFENQO
IHABA
• Liwukwandisa lokho okukhulunywa ngakho kuzwakale sengathi kukhulu
kakhulu kunalokho okuyikhona ngempela (izimbokodo zamehlo)
ISIHLONIPHO
• Lena yindlela yokukhuluma ngento esabekayo noma ebuhlungu
ngokusebenzisa amazwi athe ukuthamba nangayigaguli into ngegama
elilumelayo.
UMBHINQO
• Ukusebenzisa amazwi achaza okuthile kepha kube kuqondwe
okuphambene nawo. Kusuke kusetshenziswe amazwi okuncoma kuqondwe
ukugxeka)
UKWENZASAMUNTU
• Into engaphili inikwa izimpawu zomuntu

10. AMANYE AMASU OBUNKONDLO
• Uma kukhulunywa ngamasu obunkondlo kusuke kukhulunywa
ngezinto ezithinta ubunkondlo uqobo lwabo,
• kuyaziwa ukuthi ziningi izindlela ezingasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya
izinkondlo.
• Ukuhlaziya ubunkondlo kudinga wona amasu anjenge
mvumelwano, ukuxhumana, ulimi olusetshenziswe enkondlweni
okungabalwa izifenqo, izisho kanye nezaga.
• Uma inkondlo ingenakho lokhu kuba sengathi umbhalo nje
ongehlukile kweminye imibhalo, kanti inkondlo ngisho uyifunda
iyezwakala ukuthi ihlukile kweminye imibhalo.

11. UKUXHUMANA
• Ukuxhumana kanye nemvumelwano kwenza umsebenzi othi
awufane ezinkondlweni
• Lapha sibuka ukuhleleka nokuxhumana komqondo
wamagama emigqeni elandelanayo. Kungahle kube yimigqa
emibili noma engaphezulu, kuye ngokuthi imbongi iwuhlele
kanjani umqondo wendikimba leyo.
• Lapha kusetshenziswa ukuxhumana ngenhloso yokugcizelela
nokuthuthukisa umqondo olwethulwe endimeni leyo.
• Ukuxhumana ngokuhlukana kwakho kwenza ukuba leli phuzu
eligcizelelwayo nokuphinda izinhlamvu linakeke kulabo
abalalele umculo.

12. IMVUMELWANO
• Inkondlo kufanele icebe ngaphakathi, ingaphandle layo nalo
kufanele lidlisele ukuze indikimba yayo igqame kangcono. Lokhu
sikuthola nxa imigqa ehambisanayo yenkondlo iqala noma igcina
ngamalunga anomsindo ofanayo emagameni angefani.
• Imisindo yonkamisa yiyona evamile kumvumelwano-sigcino kanti
kuyenzeka kube ngongwaqa kuphela abavumelanayo.
Imvumelwano sigcino yenziwa wumsindo ozwakala lapho
kuphinyiswa amalungaavumelanayo nokubhalwa kwazo ngendlela
efanayo.
• Umsimang (1988) uthi …itholakala uma imigqa ehambisanyo
enkondlweni igcina ngamalunga noma izinhlamvu ezinemisindo
efanayo.

13. ISIGQI
• Uma kukhulunywa ngesigqi enkondlweni kusuke kubukwa izinto
ezifana nokuvuleka kanye nokuvaleka kwemigqa ezitanzeni.
• Imigqa evalekile ileyo enezimpawu zokuloba ekugcineni, kanti
evulekile ileyo engenazo izimpawu ekugcineni. Uma imigqa eminingi
ivalekile lokho kusho ukuthi isigqi saleyo nkondlo siyanensa ngenxa
yokuthi ohayayo noma ohlabelelayo kumele ababaze lapho kufanele
khona noma abuze aphinde aphumule lapho kufanele khona.
• Isigqi sinomthelela omkhulu ekwedluliseni umlayezo enkondlweni.
• Uma isigqi sinensa senza ukuba abalalele umculo bakwazi
ukucabangisisa kahle ngomlayezo oqukethwe yinkondlo kanti uma
isigqi sishesha abalalele abalitholi kahle ithuba lokuzwa umlayezo
oqukethwe