Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare but lethal complication of myocardial infarction (MI).
Bimodal peak
Range: few hours 2 weeks
Average time to rupture
2-8 days
Time course may be accelerated by thrombolysis, possible related to intramyocardial hemorrhage
This is a comprehensive description of coronay lesion assessment from routinely used angiography to advanced imaging modalities like IVUS/OCT including their functional significance by FFR
COMPARES OPTIMAL MEDICAL THERAPY WITH INVASIVE THERAPY IN A PATIENT WITH STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA ON NON INVASIVE STRESS TESTING
This is a comprehensive description of coronay lesion assessment from routinely used angiography to advanced imaging modalities like IVUS/OCT including their functional significance by FFR
COMPARES OPTIMAL MEDICAL THERAPY WITH INVASIVE THERAPY IN A PATIENT WITH STABLE ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE WITH MODERATE TO SEVERE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA ON NON INVASIVE STRESS TESTING
svco Acute SVCO presents a serious diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma to the ...libraonline100
Acute SVCO presents a serious diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma to the thoracic surgeon. It is highly desirable to obtain a definitive tissue diagnosis but this requirement must be balanced against the risks inherent in invasive diagnostic procedures in these oft-times critically ill patients. In the past 5 years we have developed an algorithm that has been used successfully in 18 patients presenting with acute SVCO. The decision tree consists of scalene node biopsy, bronchoscopy and mediastinoscopy with categorization into low and high risk groups in the latter. The gender distribution of the 18 patients was 12 male and 6 female with the ages being 58.3 +/- 16.3 and 64.2 +/- 11.2 years respectively. The duration of symptoms range from 1.5 to 12 weeks and averaged 4.5 +/- 3.2 weeks. Two patients had palpable scalene nodes which were positive at biopsy. Bronchoscopy was positive in 5 out of 11 examinations. In 5 instances it was not done. Twelve patients underwent various forms of mediastinal biopsy and one underwent sternotomy. Seven patients requiring mediastinoscopy were judged to be high risk as defined by severe airway and vascular obstruction. Perioperative difficulties occurred in two patients due to cardiorespiratory factors associated with the obstruction. Both patients were undergoing cervical mediastinoscopy under general anesthesia and no difficulties were encountered in high risk patients when local anesthesia was used to perform anterior mediastinotomy. Five patients that were considered low risk all underwent uncomplicated procedures under general anesthesia. Thirteen patients proved to have bronchogenic carcinoma and a specific tissue diagnosis was obtained in 12. The undetermined diagnosis was in a patient who had prior radiotherapy.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
Ischemic ventricular septal_defects_dr.asma
1. Post MI Ventricular Septal
Defects
Dr. Asma Iqbal
PGR
Services
Hospital,Lahore
2. • Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is a rare but lethal
complication of myocardial infarction (MI).
• Bimodal peak
• Range: few hours 2 weeks
• Average time to rupture
2-8 days
Time course may be accelerated by thrombolysis,
possible related to intramyocardial hemorrhage
9. Epidemiology
• uncommon complication of MI.
• Autopsy studies reveal
It occurrs at a rate of
approximately 1-2% without
reperfusion therapy
• 0.2% to 0.34% with
fibrinolytic therapy
• 3.9% among patients with
cardiogenic shock
10. MORTALITY
High mortality despite various
improvements in therapy
30 day mortality- 74%
1 year mortality- 78%
GUSTO analysis, Crenshaw et al,
Circ. 1/2000
11. Relative Improvement in survival due to
Earlier diagnosis
Earlier flow restoration
More aggressive surgical intervention
More aggressive BP control post MI
13. Septal blood Supply
The septal blood supply comes from branches of
•the left anterior descending coronary artery,
•the posterior descending branch of the right
coronary artery, or the circumflex artery when it is
dominant
14. There are three types of VSR (the original
classification made by Becker and van Mantgem
was for free-wall rupture):
Type I: there is an abrupt tear in the wall without
thinning,Associated with Acute infarcts
Type II, the infarcted myocardium erodes before
rupture and is covered by a thrombus;
Type III represents the perforation of a previously
formed aneurysm,process associated with older
infarcts
BECKER AND MANTGEM
CLASSIFICATION
15. Anatomical Types of VSR
Two types of VSD (According to site )
Simple: through and through defect usually
located anteriorly, About 60% of VSRs occur
with infarction of the anterior wall,LAD is
Culprit
Complex: serpentiginous dissection tract
remote from the primary septal defect-
most commonly an inferior VSD, 40% with
infarction of the posterior or inferior wall
18. Clinical Findings
Loud S2
S3
Pulmonary edema
RV/LV failure
Loud/harsh pansystolic murmur
Within the first week post AMI
Best heard at Lt. Lower sternal border
Less loud at the apex
Associated with a palpable thrill
Depending on the location, may radiate to the axilla
mimicking MR
19. Diagnosis
Up to 50% of patients experience chest
pain associated with the development
of murmur
CHF and shock often associated with
the development of murmur
21. ECG
No electrocardiographic (ECG) features are
diagnostic of postinfarction VSR, though ECG
indeed provides some useful information.
Persistent ST-segment elevation associated with
ventricular aneurysm
may reveal atrioventricular block in one third of
patients.
anatomic location of the septal rupture.
22. RADIOGRAPHS
On plain chest radiography, 82% of patients
with postinfarction ventricular septal
rupture (VSR) demonstrate left ventricular
enlargement,
78% have pulmonary edema,
and 64% have a pleural effusion
25. CATHETERIZATION AND PRESSURE
MEASUREMENT
Left-heart catheterization with coronary
angiography is recommended in all stable
patients
An important diagnostic test for differentiating
VSR from mitral valve insufficiency is
catheterization of the right heart with a Swan-
Ganz catheter.
Left- and right-side pressure measurements help
estimate the degree of biventricular failure
26. Need for cardiac catheterization
2/3 of the patients have multivessel
coronary artery disease
Decreased operative mortality and
improved late survival has been shown in
patients with multivessel disease
Cardiogenic shock not a deterrent to Cath
=> Coronary angiography
should be performed
28. Pre-Operative Management
Hemodynamic stabilization so as to
minimize peripheral organ compromise
Reduce Systemic vascular resistance, and
thus, the left-to-right shunt
Maintain or improve coronary artery blood
flow
Maintain cardiac output and arterial
pressure to ensure peripheral organ
perfusion
33. Timing of Surgery
Controversial (in the past)
Non-randomized studies showing:
Early repair, 40% - 50% mortality
Late repair (past 3 weeks), 10% mortality
=>
Aggressive Medical management aimed
at delaying surgical intervention
34.
35. Timing of Surgery
Surgery should be performed soon after
diagnosis in most patients
Patients is cardiogenic shock should be
operated on immediately after
anigography
Hemodynamically stable patients
should have surgery on an urgent basis
36. The relative safety of repair 2-3 weeks or
more after perforation has been
established. Because the edges of the
defect have become firmer and fibrotic,
repair is more secure and is easily
accomplished. A successful clinical outcome
is related to the adequacy of the closure of
the VSR;
40. Operative Technique
Classical approach
to infro-posterior
rupture
Infarctectomy, and
Reconstruction of
infroposterior VSD,
ReconstructionReconstruction free wall
with Dacron patches.
41. Outcome
Six month survival without
surgical intervention stated to be
less than 10%.
Kirklin, Churchill Livingston 1993
42. Outcome
In patients with cardiogenic shock mortality
reported to be the highest
Posterior VSD (IMI) is another factor strongly
associated with poor surgical outcome due to
Difficulty of exposure, and
Frequent concomitant infarction of the postero-
medial papillary muscle