This document provides an overview of plant disorders and their diagnosis for urban foresters. It distinguishes between biotic disorders caused by living organisms and abiotic disorders caused by non-living factors. A systematic six-step process for diagnosis is outlined involving identifying the plant, examining patterns of abnormality, carefully examining the site, noting foliage characteristics, checking trunks and branches, and examining roots. Common signs and symptoms of disorders are defined, as well as types of stresses, abiotic disorders, biotic disorders, and how to seek additional information on diagnosis.
Classification of disease, based on cause, based on occurrence, Based on association with plant, Based on perpetuation and mode of primary infection, Plant part affected
, Based on the host plant, Number of generations of the infection cycle, Based on symptoms of plant diseases, Signs of Plant Diseases
Classification of disease, based on cause, based on occurrence, Based on association with plant, Based on perpetuation and mode of primary infection, Plant part affected
, Based on the host plant, Number of generations of the infection cycle, Based on symptoms of plant diseases, Signs of Plant Diseases
A detailed project on plant diseases,causes, symptoms and control measures with illustrations. The project explains in brief fungal and bacterial and and their control measures.Blast disease, citrus canker and leaf mosaic disease of tapioca are explained in detail. Non - infectious diseases are also mentioned.
The broadest definition of plant disease includes anything that damages plant health. This definition can include such diverse factors as pathogens, insufficient nitrogen, air pollution, lawnmower damage, and deer damage.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
29. As you go through the process, try to eliminate certain possibilities… pH? pH!!! X X ??? ???
30. … and an opportunistic leaf spot. Poor tree health is rarely the result of one condition, but rather a complex [a combination of factors that lead to the stress of decline of a tree] of abiotic and biotic contributors. Stress this to the tree owner!
Not specific disorders but what to look for to be able to tell Best part of this class is to learn this process (nothing) What is a physiological disorder? however…
I cannot stress this enough. Take time to investigate! It’s my experience that most arborists/ horticulturists do NOT do this. When that’s completed you must make the appropriate recommendations.
Think like a non-arborist – like you know nothing about trees
I like to define my terms – in most cases this evening disease will mean the following: EPA’s experiment to test emissions from trees – wrongfully thought of as “pollutants.”
Following are a few slides of a disorder…can you guess what happened from these clues?
It’s more than just identification. Anyone know what this is?
You must know the species and everything about the plant. Think Michael Dirr!
Do comparisons with other plants on the site, especially of the same species. Look for differences in color or growth.
Often cross species lines – this can be a huge help
As we’ll discuss later, various foliar symptoms can give clues as to the disorder involved. Look at the location of the affected foliage as well. Leaves at the top of the tree that are affected usually indicate a vascular disruption. pH problems may appear only on one side.
The severity of trunk damage is almost always more than what is usually considered. ISA formula.
.
Consumer confidence in the industry is poor. “Flip” diagnoses can make you look bad – who does the consumer trust? Usually, (unfortunately) someone on TV.
Example of borer holes vs. the causal factor. Questions on the diagnostic process?
Rust as a symptom
There can be many causes for a specific symptom. Ash rust. Don’t have a narrow focus.
Questions on signs and symptoms?
Barrel example
Insect defoliation, some herbicide damage, freeze damage
Heavy fruit production; most common causes of tree stress are site and/or environment related: inadequate water, extreme cold, adverse soil conditions – compaction, mechanical injury Stress is NOT irreversible. If the stress factor(s) can be identified, it is possible to alleviate the condition and improve the health of the tree. If only secondary facors are identfied and treated, the tree will likely continue to decline.
Stress may be reversible if you correctly identify the primary cause. Borer example. Questions on stress?
Book’s construction damage example; borers again
A reason not to over plant. Treatment: reduce competition.
Usually inhibition is minor and of importance on young plants. Most every plant has some capacity to produce an allelopathic reaction. Juglone. Tall fescue and other grasses have strong influence on young trees.
Treatments – remove the source or wash the foliage
Show sample of damage; odd curl or “cupping”, parallel venation; others may “bleach” leaf of chlorophyll (chlorosis). Soil sterilants will have long term effects. Apply herbicides according to label and keep them away from trees! Temperature effects.
![Diagnosis and Plant Disorders ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/isadiagnosisandplantdisorders-101229081941-phpapp02/85/Isa-diagnosis-and-plant-disorders-1-320.jpg)
![Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)