1. The document discusses proper tree nutrition and fertilization, emphasizing that determining a tree's specific nutritional requirements through soil and foliar analysis is essential before providing fertilizer.
2. Fertilizer should only be applied to address a verified nutrient deficiency, and excessive fertilization can cause problems.
3. Diagnosing a tree's needs through soil and foliar analysis is important to determine what, if any, nutrients need to be supplemented before prescribing and applying the right fertilizer.
This document provides information on the benefits and costs of trees, methods for appraising and valuing trees, regulatory and legal issues related to urban forestry, and topics for information and education. It discusses the sociological and environmental impacts of trees, approaches for appraising trees including replacement costs and community appraisal software. It also outlines considerations for tree selection, management of insects and diseases, protections, inventories, and standards like LEED and SITES.
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting trees, including matching trees to the site based on soil type, light, and moisture conditions; tree characteristics like size, disease resistance, and maintenance needs; and choosing from native, introduced, or naturalized species. The document also covers inspecting nursery trees for quality and structure and working with reliable suppliers.
This document provides information on selecting, transporting, and planting trees. It discusses choosing tree species that are adapted to the site's soil, climate and intended use. It describes different types of nursery stock like container-grown, balled-and-burlapped, and bare root trees. Standards are outlined for minimum sizes of trees based on trunk caliper. Proper planting techniques are emphasized, like using the correct hole size and depth, and mulching after planting. Ongoing care like staking, watering and pruning is also covered.
The document discusses plant taxonomy and classification. It describes the hierarchical system used to classify plants from broad kingdoms to specific species. The levels include kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. The document provides examples to illustrate each classification level and describes characteristics used to distinguish divisions, families, genera and species of plants. It also discusses concepts like hybrids, subspecies, varieties and cultivars.
The document discusses tree anatomy and biology, describing the basic structures of trees including stems, roots, leaves, and growth processes. It covers tree tissues, cambium layers, xylem and phloem, bark, leaf structures, mycorrhizal relationships, and defenses. The purpose is to provide an overview of tree anatomy and biological functions for those studying to become certified arborists.
This document summarizes key topics related to soil science and tree nutrition. It discusses the components and properties of soil, including texture, structure, pH, and moisture content. Soil provides nutrients, water, and gas exchange for plant growth. The document also covers urban soil challenges, irrigation methods, and water conservation. Maintaining proper soil conditions is important for tree health.
Pruning trees is important to remove hazards, improve structure, and provide clearance. It should be done at the proper time of year and using proper techniques like the three cut method to avoid included bark and promote compartmentalization. Pruning types include structural pruning to establish a strong structure, crown cleaning to remove deadwood, and crown thinning to improve health and appearance while following the 25% rule. Topping is not recommended as it can damage a tree.
1. The document discusses proper tree nutrition and fertilization, emphasizing that determining a tree's specific nutritional requirements through soil and foliar analysis is essential before providing fertilizer.
2. Fertilizer should only be applied to address a verified nutrient deficiency, and excessive fertilization can cause problems.
3. Diagnosing a tree's needs through soil and foliar analysis is important to determine what, if any, nutrients need to be supplemented before prescribing and applying the right fertilizer.
This document provides information on the benefits and costs of trees, methods for appraising and valuing trees, regulatory and legal issues related to urban forestry, and topics for information and education. It discusses the sociological and environmental impacts of trees, approaches for appraising trees including replacement costs and community appraisal software. It also outlines considerations for tree selection, management of insects and diseases, protections, inventories, and standards like LEED and SITES.
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting trees, including matching trees to the site based on soil type, light, and moisture conditions; tree characteristics like size, disease resistance, and maintenance needs; and choosing from native, introduced, or naturalized species. The document also covers inspecting nursery trees for quality and structure and working with reliable suppliers.
This document provides information on selecting, transporting, and planting trees. It discusses choosing tree species that are adapted to the site's soil, climate and intended use. It describes different types of nursery stock like container-grown, balled-and-burlapped, and bare root trees. Standards are outlined for minimum sizes of trees based on trunk caliper. Proper planting techniques are emphasized, like using the correct hole size and depth, and mulching after planting. Ongoing care like staking, watering and pruning is also covered.
The document discusses plant taxonomy and classification. It describes the hierarchical system used to classify plants from broad kingdoms to specific species. The levels include kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. The document provides examples to illustrate each classification level and describes characteristics used to distinguish divisions, families, genera and species of plants. It also discusses concepts like hybrids, subspecies, varieties and cultivars.
The document discusses tree anatomy and biology, describing the basic structures of trees including stems, roots, leaves, and growth processes. It covers tree tissues, cambium layers, xylem and phloem, bark, leaf structures, mycorrhizal relationships, and defenses. The purpose is to provide an overview of tree anatomy and biological functions for those studying to become certified arborists.
This document summarizes key topics related to soil science and tree nutrition. It discusses the components and properties of soil, including texture, structure, pH, and moisture content. Soil provides nutrients, water, and gas exchange for plant growth. The document also covers urban soil challenges, irrigation methods, and water conservation. Maintaining proper soil conditions is important for tree health.
Pruning trees is important to remove hazards, improve structure, and provide clearance. It should be done at the proper time of year and using proper techniques like the three cut method to avoid included bark and promote compartmentalization. Pruning types include structural pruning to establish a strong structure, crown cleaning to remove deadwood, and crown thinning to improve health and appearance while following the 25% rule. Topping is not recommended as it can damage a tree.
This document provides an overview of plant disease diagnosis and tree disorders. It discusses the importance of distinguishing between biotic and abiotic disorders, outlines the systematic diagnostic process, and describes common symptoms and signs. Key terms are defined throughout. Abiotic disorders can include improper planting sites, weather damage, and other environmental stresses. Biotic disorders involve living organisms like insects, diseases, and pathogens. Correct diagnosis requires examining multiple aspects of the plant and site conditions.
This document provides an overview of tree work safety techniques and methods. It discusses proper personal protective equipment, climbing techniques, tree inspection and assessment, chainsaw use, rigging, aerial rescue procedures, and lowering materials from heights. Safety standards and best practices are outlined for tasks like pruning, removal, chipping, and rigging loads.
The document discusses tree protection during construction. It notes that the majority of a tree's root system is located in the top layers of soil and that damage to these roots can kill the tree. It recommends developing a tree protection plan before construction that inventories existing trees, notes which will be preserved, and identifies protection measures like fencing and root pruning in critical root zones to minimize damage. The plan should communicate protection procedures to eliminate stress factors like compaction, trenching, and grade changes that can damage roots and stress trees.
Trees can be injured or killed by construction through root damage, soil compaction, physical damage to trunks and branches, and changes to soil grade. It is important for arborists to be involved in the planning stages of construction projects to preserve trees. Steps can be taken during construction like installing protective fencing and barriers, limiting access and compaction, using mulch roads, terracing soil grades, and pruning damaged limbs. Post-construction, damaged trees may require monitoring, irrigation, mulching, and aeration but fertilizer is not recommended.
Tree biology is the study of the life processes of trees, including their growth, structure, and evolution. Trees differ from other plants in their ability to undergo secondary growth, which allows them to grow radially and produce wood. Secondary growth results in distinct layers, including the bark on the outside and xylem on the inside. The bark is divided into periderm (outer bark), phloem (inner bark), and vascular cambium. The xylem (wood) contains growth rings, tracheids, vessel elements, fibers, and parenchyma tissues. Trees also have a living symplast and nonliving apoplast that allow for transport and provide structural support.
Tree nutrition & fertilization isa chap 5AnnKoenig
Trees have nutritional needs that may not be met in urban landscapes. A soil or foliar analysis can determine what nutrients are lacking. Fertilizer is not always the solution and other causes like poor planning or lack of education should be investigated first. There are different types of fertilizers like complete, organic, inorganic, slow-release, and controlled-release. Slow-release fertilizers contain nutrients that delay initial availability or extend it over time to reduce leaching and burning, while controlled-release nutrients are released at a specific rate over a set period. Water-insoluble nitrogen defines many slow-release fertilizers.
The document discusses tree support and protection systems. It provides details on installing cables and braces in trees to support weak limbs and splits. It describes the types of cabling hardware, tools, and techniques used for proper installation. The document also discusses other non-rigid support systems like bracing and guying. It concludes with information on installing lightning protection systems to help protect trees from lightning strikes.
This document provides an overview of safety techniques and recommendations for general tree work, climbing trees, and working in trees. It discusses safety laws and regulations, personal protective equipment, communication, electrical hazards, chainsaw safety, tree felling, chipper safety, first aid procedures, inspecting climbing gear and trees, knot tying, rigging techniques, emergency response, and real-life examples. The goal is to familiarize attendees with ISA methods and emphasize safety.
1. The document discusses plant health care (PHC) and how it differs from integrated pest management (IPM), focusing on the appropriate response process (ARP) and how plants allocate resources.
2. It provides an overview of multiple pest control options and treatments, including advantages and limitations of alternatives like botanicals, horticultural oils, and microbial extracts.
3. The document reviews concepts like PHC vs. IPM, ARP, and resource allocation, and how stresses like pests, pathogens, abiotic disorders, and mortality spirals affect plant health.
Trees can be injured or killed by construction through root damage, soil compaction, physical damage to trunks and branches, and changes to soil grade. It is important for arborists to be involved in the planning stages of construction projects to preserve trees. Steps can be taken during construction like installing protective fencing and limiting access, compaction, and grade changes to preserve trees. Some treatment options after construction include pruning, cabling, irrigation, mulching, and aeration, but trees may still decline or die from damage. Regular monitoring is needed. The goal is to understand tree biology and take steps to minimize impacts during all stages of construction.
1. Selecting the right tree species for a particular planting site requires analyzing both the site conditions and the tree's cultural requirements to ensure a good match and long-term viability.
2. Site analysis considers factors like light, water, soil conditions, climate, and existing infrastructure while the tree's needs regarding these factors must also be evaluated.
3. When selecting a tree, its growth rate, size at maturity, form, pest resistance, and maintenance requirements should be compared to the site's characteristics and intended landscape functions. Native species often perform best within their natural ranges.
1. Selecting the right tree species for a particular planting site requires analyzing both the site conditions and the tree's cultural requirements to ensure a good match and long-term viability.
2. Site analysis considers factors like light, water, soil conditions, climate, and existing infrastructure, while cultural requirements relate to a species' tolerance for temperature, drainage, pH, and pests.
3. Choosing a species adapted to the site, with an appropriate size, form, and low maintenance needs will provide the best landscape functions for that location.
1) Mulch should be 3 inches deep around the tree trunk but not piled against it. Remove all ties and stakes that came with the tree.
2) Staking may be needed to protect young trees but should be removed after one growing season. Guying is only needed if the tree is at risk of damage.
3) Newly planted trees need regular watering, about 1 inch per week. Too much or too little water can harm the tree. Mulch helps conserve moisture but should be spread no more than 3 inches deep.
The document provides information on proper tree planting and establishment. It discusses the best times to plant, different types of planting stock like bare root, containerized, and balled and burlapped trees. It outlines the correct procedures for planting each type, including digging the hole, handling the root ball or container, and backfilling. It emphasizes the importance of watering, mulching, and avoiding staking when possible. The document stresses that planting depth and removing all ties and labels are critical to the tree's survival.
The document provides information on proper tree planting and establishment. It discusses the best times to plant, different types of planting stock like bare root, containerized, and balled and burlapped trees. It outlines proper handling, planting procedures, staking, watering, and mulching of newly planted trees. The key is to select the right tree species for the site, plant at the proper depth, maintain moisture levels, and remove stakes and guys after establishment.
The document provides an overview of pruning techniques and concepts for trees. It defines key pruning terms and describes the various types of pruning including structural pruning, pruning for health, safety and aesthetics, crown thinning, raising and reduction. Improper pruning techniques like topping are explained. Compartmentalization and wound dressings are also covered.
The document discusses plant health care (PHC) and integrated pest management (IPM). It covers appropriate response processes, plant resource allocation, and various pest control and treatment options including cultural, chemical, and biological controls. Treatment options range from resistant varieties and sanitation to insecticides, fungicides, oils, soaps, and beneficial insects. The goal is to promote plant vitality and vigor through proactive monitoring and selecting early intervention strategies.
This document provides an overview of plant disorders and their diagnosis for urban foresters. It distinguishes between biotic disorders caused by living organisms and abiotic disorders caused by non-living factors. A systematic six-step process for diagnosis is outlined involving identifying the plant, examining patterns of abnormality, carefully examining the site, noting foliage characteristics, checking trunks and branches, and examining roots. Common signs and symptoms of disorders are defined, as well as types of stresses, abiotic disorders, biotic disorders, and how to seek additional information on diagnosis.
The document provides information on tree assessment and risk management certification training. It discusses the benefits of urban trees, as well as risks associated with trees near people and property. It covers tort law as it relates to negligence, evidence of negligence, the duty of care landowners have regarding trees, and different classes of visitors. It also discusses tree biology, wounding, hazard trees, inspections, and common defects like decay, cracks, and root problems.
The document discusses best practices for protecting trees during construction projects. It notes that the majority of a tree's root system is located near the surface and within the drip line, known as the critical root zone. It recommends developing a tree protection plan before construction that inventories existing trees, maps construction activities, and details measures to minimize disturbance in critical root zones like fencing and root pruning. The document outlines signs of tree stress from construction damage and treatments to help stressed trees.
This document provides an overview of plant disease diagnosis and tree disorders. It discusses the importance of distinguishing between biotic and abiotic disorders, outlines the systematic diagnostic process, and describes common symptoms and signs. Key terms are defined throughout. Abiotic disorders can include improper planting sites, weather damage, and other environmental stresses. Biotic disorders involve living organisms like insects, diseases, and pathogens. Correct diagnosis requires examining multiple aspects of the plant and site conditions.
This document provides an overview of tree work safety techniques and methods. It discusses proper personal protective equipment, climbing techniques, tree inspection and assessment, chainsaw use, rigging, aerial rescue procedures, and lowering materials from heights. Safety standards and best practices are outlined for tasks like pruning, removal, chipping, and rigging loads.
The document discusses tree protection during construction. It notes that the majority of a tree's root system is located in the top layers of soil and that damage to these roots can kill the tree. It recommends developing a tree protection plan before construction that inventories existing trees, notes which will be preserved, and identifies protection measures like fencing and root pruning in critical root zones to minimize damage. The plan should communicate protection procedures to eliminate stress factors like compaction, trenching, and grade changes that can damage roots and stress trees.
Trees can be injured or killed by construction through root damage, soil compaction, physical damage to trunks and branches, and changes to soil grade. It is important for arborists to be involved in the planning stages of construction projects to preserve trees. Steps can be taken during construction like installing protective fencing and barriers, limiting access and compaction, using mulch roads, terracing soil grades, and pruning damaged limbs. Post-construction, damaged trees may require monitoring, irrigation, mulching, and aeration but fertilizer is not recommended.
Tree biology is the study of the life processes of trees, including their growth, structure, and evolution. Trees differ from other plants in their ability to undergo secondary growth, which allows them to grow radially and produce wood. Secondary growth results in distinct layers, including the bark on the outside and xylem on the inside. The bark is divided into periderm (outer bark), phloem (inner bark), and vascular cambium. The xylem (wood) contains growth rings, tracheids, vessel elements, fibers, and parenchyma tissues. Trees also have a living symplast and nonliving apoplast that allow for transport and provide structural support.
Tree nutrition & fertilization isa chap 5AnnKoenig
Trees have nutritional needs that may not be met in urban landscapes. A soil or foliar analysis can determine what nutrients are lacking. Fertilizer is not always the solution and other causes like poor planning or lack of education should be investigated first. There are different types of fertilizers like complete, organic, inorganic, slow-release, and controlled-release. Slow-release fertilizers contain nutrients that delay initial availability or extend it over time to reduce leaching and burning, while controlled-release nutrients are released at a specific rate over a set period. Water-insoluble nitrogen defines many slow-release fertilizers.
The document discusses tree support and protection systems. It provides details on installing cables and braces in trees to support weak limbs and splits. It describes the types of cabling hardware, tools, and techniques used for proper installation. The document also discusses other non-rigid support systems like bracing and guying. It concludes with information on installing lightning protection systems to help protect trees from lightning strikes.
This document provides an overview of safety techniques and recommendations for general tree work, climbing trees, and working in trees. It discusses safety laws and regulations, personal protective equipment, communication, electrical hazards, chainsaw safety, tree felling, chipper safety, first aid procedures, inspecting climbing gear and trees, knot tying, rigging techniques, emergency response, and real-life examples. The goal is to familiarize attendees with ISA methods and emphasize safety.
1. The document discusses plant health care (PHC) and how it differs from integrated pest management (IPM), focusing on the appropriate response process (ARP) and how plants allocate resources.
2. It provides an overview of multiple pest control options and treatments, including advantages and limitations of alternatives like botanicals, horticultural oils, and microbial extracts.
3. The document reviews concepts like PHC vs. IPM, ARP, and resource allocation, and how stresses like pests, pathogens, abiotic disorders, and mortality spirals affect plant health.
Trees can be injured or killed by construction through root damage, soil compaction, physical damage to trunks and branches, and changes to soil grade. It is important for arborists to be involved in the planning stages of construction projects to preserve trees. Steps can be taken during construction like installing protective fencing and limiting access, compaction, and grade changes to preserve trees. Some treatment options after construction include pruning, cabling, irrigation, mulching, and aeration, but trees may still decline or die from damage. Regular monitoring is needed. The goal is to understand tree biology and take steps to minimize impacts during all stages of construction.
1. Selecting the right tree species for a particular planting site requires analyzing both the site conditions and the tree's cultural requirements to ensure a good match and long-term viability.
2. Site analysis considers factors like light, water, soil conditions, climate, and existing infrastructure while the tree's needs regarding these factors must also be evaluated.
3. When selecting a tree, its growth rate, size at maturity, form, pest resistance, and maintenance requirements should be compared to the site's characteristics and intended landscape functions. Native species often perform best within their natural ranges.
1. Selecting the right tree species for a particular planting site requires analyzing both the site conditions and the tree's cultural requirements to ensure a good match and long-term viability.
2. Site analysis considers factors like light, water, soil conditions, climate, and existing infrastructure, while cultural requirements relate to a species' tolerance for temperature, drainage, pH, and pests.
3. Choosing a species adapted to the site, with an appropriate size, form, and low maintenance needs will provide the best landscape functions for that location.
1) Mulch should be 3 inches deep around the tree trunk but not piled against it. Remove all ties and stakes that came with the tree.
2) Staking may be needed to protect young trees but should be removed after one growing season. Guying is only needed if the tree is at risk of damage.
3) Newly planted trees need regular watering, about 1 inch per week. Too much or too little water can harm the tree. Mulch helps conserve moisture but should be spread no more than 3 inches deep.
The document provides information on proper tree planting and establishment. It discusses the best times to plant, different types of planting stock like bare root, containerized, and balled and burlapped trees. It outlines the correct procedures for planting each type, including digging the hole, handling the root ball or container, and backfilling. It emphasizes the importance of watering, mulching, and avoiding staking when possible. The document stresses that planting depth and removing all ties and labels are critical to the tree's survival.
The document provides information on proper tree planting and establishment. It discusses the best times to plant, different types of planting stock like bare root, containerized, and balled and burlapped trees. It outlines proper handling, planting procedures, staking, watering, and mulching of newly planted trees. The key is to select the right tree species for the site, plant at the proper depth, maintain moisture levels, and remove stakes and guys after establishment.
The document provides an overview of pruning techniques and concepts for trees. It defines key pruning terms and describes the various types of pruning including structural pruning, pruning for health, safety and aesthetics, crown thinning, raising and reduction. Improper pruning techniques like topping are explained. Compartmentalization and wound dressings are also covered.
The document discusses plant health care (PHC) and integrated pest management (IPM). It covers appropriate response processes, plant resource allocation, and various pest control and treatment options including cultural, chemical, and biological controls. Treatment options range from resistant varieties and sanitation to insecticides, fungicides, oils, soaps, and beneficial insects. The goal is to promote plant vitality and vigor through proactive monitoring and selecting early intervention strategies.
This document provides an overview of plant disorders and their diagnosis for urban foresters. It distinguishes between biotic disorders caused by living organisms and abiotic disorders caused by non-living factors. A systematic six-step process for diagnosis is outlined involving identifying the plant, examining patterns of abnormality, carefully examining the site, noting foliage characteristics, checking trunks and branches, and examining roots. Common signs and symptoms of disorders are defined, as well as types of stresses, abiotic disorders, biotic disorders, and how to seek additional information on diagnosis.
The document provides information on tree assessment and risk management certification training. It discusses the benefits of urban trees, as well as risks associated with trees near people and property. It covers tort law as it relates to negligence, evidence of negligence, the duty of care landowners have regarding trees, and different classes of visitors. It also discusses tree biology, wounding, hazard trees, inspections, and common defects like decay, cracks, and root problems.
The document discusses best practices for protecting trees during construction projects. It notes that the majority of a tree's root system is located near the surface and within the drip line, known as the critical root zone. It recommends developing a tree protection plan before construction that inventories existing trees, maps construction activities, and details measures to minimize disturbance in critical root zones like fencing and root pruning. The document outlines signs of tree stress from construction damage and treatments to help stressed trees.