The document discusses programming languages and when programming occurs in the systems development life cycle (SDLC). It provides definitions and examples of different types of programming languages from low-level machine code to high-level visual languages. It also explains the different phases of the SDLC, with a focus on the implementation phase where actual programming and coding takes place to build the desired features according to the design. Programming happens after requirements have been analyzed, a solution designed, and the design validated.

1. ISINFORMATION SYSTEMS
BY: JAN WONG
HELLO AND
WELCOME TO
Chapter Four:
PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE
“How does information system work?”

2. Programming
languages are just
like all the human
languages out there.
Don’t be confused,
It’s just a form of communication with the computer.

3. There can be different
languages to convey
the same messages
for a similar outcome.
This means,
It comes down to the programmer’s preference.

4. • Knowledge
• Experience
• Ease-of-use
• Design requirements
• Client requirements
• Continuity & support
• Need
It comes down to the programmer’s preference.

5. ISWhat is a computer program?

6. What is a computer program?
“Set of instructions that directs a computer to
perform tasks, called a programming language.”
Every language has its own syntax
(grammar) and commentary rules.

7. What is a computer program?
“Set of instructions that directs a computer to
perform tasks, called a programming language.”
Machine
Code
Node.JS PHP Pascal ASP ASP.NET JAVA
Ruby Python
Objective-
C
C C++ COBOL Fortran
Assembly
Visual
Basic
Prolog JavaScript C# Perl Scala

8. ISHow does it work?

9. How does it work?
“It communicates with the computer’s hardware(s) and tells it
what to compute by providing the necessary data and sequence.”

10. COMPUTER HARDWARE
1GL
MACHINE LANGUAGE
2GL
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
3GL
PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE
4GL
NON-PROCEDURAL
LANGUAGE
5GL
VISUAL LANGUAGE
Machine
Code
Node.JS
PHP
Pascal
ASP ASP.NET
JAVA
RubyPython
Objective
-C
C C++
COBOL Fortran
Assembly
Visual
Basic
Prolog
JavaScri
pt
C#
Perl SQL
Low level
languages
High level
languages

11. COMPUTER HARDWARE
1GL
MACHINE LANGUAGE
2GL
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
3GL
PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE
4GL
NON-PROCEDURAL
LANGUAGE
5GL
VISUAL LANGUAGE
• The only language the computer directly
recognises.
• Uses a series of binary (1 and 0) with a
combina>on of numbers and le?ers that
represent binary digits.
• Machine code is not really readable by humans
and humans can only do trivial things in it.
• All soCware is eventually turned into Machine
code before it's sent to the CPU.
Code sample to display “Hello World” using
Machine Language

12. COMPUTER HARDWARE
1GL
MACHINE LANGUAGE
2GL
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
3GL
PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE
4GL
NON-PROCEDURAL
LANGUAGE
5GL
VISUAL LANGUAGE
• Syntax made out of symbolic instruc>on codes,
meaningful abbrevia>ons and codes.
• This is the language that will get you the highest
performing and most efficient soCware that is
s>ll human-readable.
• It’s so complex to write in that it only makes
sense to use it for small parts of a programme
that are performance-sensi>ve.
• Typically found in opera>ng systems and 3D
game engines.
Code sample to display “Hello World” using
Assembly Language

13. COMPUTER HARDWARE
1GL
MACHINE LANGUAGE
2GL
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
3GL
PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE
4GL
NON-PROCEDURAL
LANGUAGE
5GL
VISUAL LANGUAGE
• Uses series of English-like words to write
instruc>ons.
• Requires a compiler to convert source code into
machine language before execu>ng it.
• The C language maps closely to Assembly
Language hence has best performance in 3GL.
• iOS apps are wri?en in Objec>ve-C and Android
apps in Java.
Code sample to display “Hello World” using C
Code sample to display “Hello World” using Java

14. COMPUTER HARDWARE
1GL
MACHINE LANGUAGE
2GL
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
3GL
PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE
4GL
NON-PROCEDURAL
LANGUAGE
5GL
VISUAL LANGUAGE
• Uses series of English-like instruc>ons usually
within a visual environment allowing data
retrieval from database.
• Useful for genera>ng report, processing data,
performing computa>ons and upda>ng files.
• SQL is popular as it is used specifically for data
retrieval from a DBMS.
• PHP is largely popular for building the backend
of websites; even Facebook and WordPress uses
it.
• Python is great for AI tasks due to a compact
syntax.
Code sample to display “Hello World” using PHP
Code sample to display “Hello World” using
Node.JS
Code sample to display “Hello World” using
Python

15. COMPUTER HARDWARE
1GL
MACHINE LANGUAGE
2GL
ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
3GL
PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE
4GL
NON-PROCEDURAL
LANGUAGE
5GL
VISUAL LANGUAGE
• Visual graphical interface for crea>ng source
code.
• Designed to make the computer solve a given
problem without the programmer (unlike 4GL
that has specific instruc>ons / procedures).
• Usually used within Ar>ficial Intelligence (AI)
systems.
Code sample to display “Hello World” using
Prolog

16. ISWhere and how do you
write codes?

17. Where and how do you
write codes?
Compiler
Converts source codes into machine
language before executing.
Application
Generator
Macro

18. ISWeb Page Development

19. The web displays websites
using Hypertext Markup
Language (HTML) and
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
Did you know?
However, they are dumb; there is no processing involved.

20. HTML and CSS are not
considered as
programming languages.
Did you know?
They rely on additional components to be interactive.

21. HTML and CSS are not considered
as programming languages.
They rely on additional components to be interactive.
Script
Interpreted program
that runs on client
Applet
Compiled program
that runs on client
Servlet
Applet that
runs on server
ActiveX Control
Small program that
runs on client
Counter
Tracks number of
visitors to website
Cookies
Stores user
information for
server reference
Image Map
Graphic image that
points to URL
Processing
Forms
Collects data from
visitors
Programming
Languages
(You should know
this by now)
AJAX
Asynchronous
Javascript & XML to
provide immediate
response

22. ISWhen does programming
happen?

23. 5 steps of SDLC.
1. Planning
4. Implementation
5. Operation,
Support & Security
3. Design
2. Analysis

24. IMPLEMENTATION
Phase four:
Step 1:
Analyze
Requirements
Step 2:
Design
Solution
Step 3:
Validate
Design
Step 4:
Implement
Design
Step 5:
Test
Solution
Step 6:
Document
Solution
Making sure
Detailed / Physical
design is clear.
Starts preparing
coding framework
and pseudocode.
Checks if framework
is suitable for the
system.
Starts developing the
required features.
Quality checks to
ensure features are
working as intended.
Produces both technical
& user manuals for
future reference.