The document discusses programming languages and the programming process. It describes how programs are written in programming languages, which are sets of rules that allow humans to communicate with computers. It outlines the main stages of the programming process: defining the problem, planning the solution, coding the program, testing it, and documenting it. It also explains different types of programming languages like low-level machine language and assembly language, and high-level languages that are easier for humans to read and write.
For most programming/scripting languages the concepts are all the same. The only thing that changes is the syntax in which it is written. Some languages may be easier to remember than others, but if you follow the basic guide line, it will make learning any programming language easier. This is in no way supposed to teach you everything about programming, just a general knowledge so when you do program you will understand what you are doing a little bit better.
For most programming/scripting languages the concepts are all the same. The only thing that changes is the syntax in which it is written. Some languages may be easier to remember than others, but if you follow the basic guide line, it will make learning any programming language easier. This is in no way supposed to teach you everything about programming, just a general knowledge so when you do program you will understand what you are doing a little bit better.
Introduction to Software Engineering & Information TechnologyGaditek
For Introduction to Software Engineering & Information Technology this slide will guide you many things about Introduction to Software Engineering & Information Technology.
To understand algorithm and flowchart, it is better to refer this Slideshare that I have created. I have thoroughly presented the key points that make easy in remembering what algorithm and flowchart is. The slide is really simple and wonderful to use it for a quick reference.
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Introduction to C Programming
Content :
Introduction
-Types of programming language
-Machine Language
-Assembly Language
-High Level Language
Introduction to C programming
-Basic Structure of C Program
-Simple program in C programming
You can get more from our website:
www.programmingcampus.com
Introduction to Software Engineering & Information TechnologyGaditek
For Introduction to Software Engineering & Information Technology this slide will guide you many things about Introduction to Software Engineering & Information Technology.
To understand algorithm and flowchart, it is better to refer this Slideshare that I have created. I have thoroughly presented the key points that make easy in remembering what algorithm and flowchart is. The slide is really simple and wonderful to use it for a quick reference.
Complete C++ programming Language CourseVivek chan
This is the Complete course of C++ Programming Language for Beginners. All Topics of C++ programming Language are covered in this single power point presentation.
Visit: www.cyberlabzone.com
Introduction to C Programming
Content :
Introduction
-Types of programming language
-Machine Language
-Assembly Language
-High Level Language
Introduction to C programming
-Basic Structure of C Program
-Simple program in C programming
You can get more from our website:
www.programmingcampus.com
Introduction, Developing a Program, Algorithm, Flowchart, and Pseudo code (P Code). Introduction, Evolution of Programming Languages, Classification of Programming Languages, Generations of Programming Languages, Features of a Good Programming Language, Selection of a Programming Language. Introduction Software: Definition, Relationship between Software and Hardware, Software Categories, System Software, Application Software, Software Terminology. Introduction, Operating System, Evolution of Operating System, Types of Operating System, Functions of an Operating System, Modern Operating Systems.
DISCLAIMER: This Presentation is made for educational purposes only.
Introduction to Computer Programming, Computer Language, History of Computer Language, Hierarchy of High-Level Languages, Algorithm, Data Types and Arduino
Introduction to Computer.
Program and Programming.
Languages.
Types of Programming Languages.
Low-Level Languages.
Assembly languages.
High-Level Languages.
History of Programming.
Languages.
Translators.
Compiler.
Interpreter.
Typical C Program Development.
Environment
The C Programming Language
Characteristics of C language
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Characteristics of C language
Basic Program Structure in C
Language
Abstraction level taxonomy of programming language frameworksijpla
The main purpose of this article is to
describe the taxonomy of computer languages according to the levels
of abstraction. There exists so many computer languages because of so many reasons like the evolution of
better computer languages over the time; the socio
-
economic factors as the proprie
tary interests,
commercial advantages; expressive power; ease of use of novice; orientation toward special purposes;
orientation toward special hardware; and diverse ideas about most suitability. Moreover, the important
common properties of most of these l
anguages are discussed here. No programming language is designed
in a vacuity, but it solves some specific kinds of problems. There is a different framework for each problem
and best suitable framework for e
ach problem. A single framework is not best for a
ll types of problems. So,
it is important to select vigilantly the frameworks supported by the language.
The five generation of the
computer programming languages are explored in this paper to some extent
The PowerPoint presentation on programming languages provides an insightful overview of the fundamental concepts, types, and applications of programming languages. The presentation begins by introducing the concept of programming languages and their significance in software development and computer programming. It covers the major categories of programming languages, including procedural, object-oriented, functional, and scripting languages, discussing their characteristics, syntax, and primary use cases. The presentation highlights popular programming languages such as Python, Java, C++, and JavaScript, showcasing their strengths, ecosystems, and industry applications. It also touches upon emerging trends in programming languages, such as machine learning and data science-focused languages. The presentation equips the audience with a broad understanding of programming languages, enabling them to make informed decisions and choose the most suitable language for their development projects.
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Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
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New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
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Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2. 2
Computer Program
A program is a set of instructions following the rules
of the chosen language.
Without programs, computers are useless.
A program is like a recipe.
It contains a list of ingredients (called variables) and
a list of directions (called statements) that tell the
computer what to do with the variables.
3. 3
Programming Language
A vocabulary and set of grammatical rules (syntax)
for instructing a computer to perform specific tasks.
Programming languages can be used to create
computer programs.
The term programming language usually refers to
high-level languages, such as BASIC, C, C++,
COBOL, FORTRAN, Ada, and Pascal.
4. 4
Programming Language
As human languages are too difficult for a
computer to understand in an unambiguous way,
commands are usually written in one or other
languages specially designed for the purpose.
5. 5
Programming Language
You eventually need to convert your program into
machine language so that the computer can
understand it.
There are two ways to do this:
Compile the program
Interpret the program
6. 6
Programming Language
Compile is to transform a program written in a
high-level programming language from source code
into object code.
This can be done by using a tool called compiler.
A compiler reads the whole source code and
translates it into a complete machine code program
to perform the required tasks which is output as a
new file.
7. 7
Programming Language
Interpreter is a program that executes instructions
written in a high-level language.
An interpreter reads the source code one instruction
or line at a time, converts this line into machine code
and executes it.
8. 8
Programming Language
Computer programming is the process of writing,
testing, debugging/troubleshooting, and maintaining
the source code of computer programs.
This source code is written in a programming
language like C++, JAVA, Perl etc.
9. 9
Programming Language
Common Features of All Program
All programs could be structured in the following four
ways:
Sequences of instructions
Branches
Loops
Modules
11. 11
Programming Language
Common Features of All Program
Branches
The program reaches a decision
point and if the result of the test is
true then the program performs
the instructions in Path 1, and if
false it performs the actions in
Path 2
12. 12
Programming Language
Common Features of All Program
Loops
The program steps are repeated
continuously until some test condition
is reached, at which point control then
flows past the loop into the next piece of
program logic
13. 13
Programming Language
Common Features of All Program
Modules
The program performs an identical sequence of actions
several times. For convenience these common actions
are placed in a module, which is a kind of mini-program
which can be executed from within the main program.
15. 15
Programming Language
Common Features of All Program
Along with these structures programs also need a few
more features to make them useful:
Data (we take a closer look at data in the Raw Materials
topic)
Operations (add, subtract, compare etc)
Input/Output capability (e.g. to display results)
16. 16
Computer Programmer
A programmer is someone who writes computer
program.
Computer programmers write, test, and maintain
programs or software that tell the computer what to
do.
17. 17
What Skills are Required to Become a Programmer?
Programming - Writing computer programs for
various purposes.
Writing - Communicating effectively with others in
writing as indicated by the needs of the audience.
Reading Comprehension - Understanding
written sentences and paragraphs in work-related
documents.
Critical Thinking - Using logic and analysis to
identify the strengths and weaknesses of different
approaches.
18. 18
What Skills are Required to Become a Programmer?
Computers and Electronics - Knowledge of
electric circuit boards, processors, chips, and
computer hardware and software, including
applications and programming.
Mathematics - Knowledge of numbers, their
operations, and interrelationships including
arithmetic, algebra, geometry, calculus, statistics,
and their applications.
Oral Expression - The ability to communicate
information and ideas in speaking so others will
understand.
19. 19
What Skills are Required to Become a Programmer?
Oral Comprehension - The ability to listen to and
understand information and ideas presented through
spoken words and sentences.
Written Expression - The ability to communicate
information and ideas in writing so others will
understand.
Written Comprehension - The ability to read and
understand information and ideas presented in
writing.
20. 20
What Skills are Required to Become a Programmer?
Deductive Reasoning - The ability to apply
general rules to specific problems to come up with
logical answers. It involves deciding if an answer
makes sense.
Information Organization - Finding ways to
structure or classify multiple pieces of information.
21. 21
Generations of Programming Language
The first generation languages, or 1GL, are low-
level languages that are machine language.
The second generation languages, or 2GL, are
also low-level languages that generally consist of
assembly languages.
The third generation languages, or 3GL, are
high-level languages such as C.
22. 22
Generations of Programming Language
The fourth generation languages, or 4GL, are
languages that consist of statements similar to
statements in a human language. Fourth generation
languages are commonly used in database
programming and scripts.
The fifth generation languages, or 5GL, are
programming languages that contain visual tools to
help develop a program. A good example of a fifth
generation language is Visual Basic.
23. 23
Types of Programming Language
There are three types of programming language:
Machine language (Low-level language)
Assembly language (Low-level language)
High-level language
Low-level languages are closer to the language used
by a computer, while high-level languages are closer
to human languages.
24. 24
Types of Programming Language
Machine Language
Machine language is a collection of binary digits or
bits that the computer reads and interprets.
Machine languages are the only languages
understood by computers.
While easily understood by computers, machine
languages are almost impossible for humans to use
because they consist entirely of numbers.
25. 25
Types of Programming Language
Machine Language
Machine Language
169 1 160 0 153 0 128 153 0 129 153 130 153 0 131
200 208 241 96
High level language
5 FOR I=1 TO 1000: PRINT "A";: NEXT I
26. 26
Types of Programming Language
Machine Language
Example:
Let us say that an electric toothbrush has a processor
and main memory.
The processor can rotate the bristles left and right,
and can check the on/off switch.
The machine instructions are one byte long, and
correspond to the following machine operations:
27. 27
Types of Programming Language
Machine Language
Machine Instruction Machine Operation
0000 0000 Stop
0000 0001 Rotate bristles left
0000 0010 Rotate bristles right
0000 0100 Go back to start of program
0000 1000 Skip next instruction if switch is off
28. 28
Types of Programming Language
Assembly Language
A program written in assembly language consists of a
series of instructions mnemonics that correspond to
a stream of executable instructions, when translated
by an assembler, that can be loaded into memory
and executed.
Assembly languages use keywords and symbols,
much like English, to form a programming language
but at the same time introduce a new problem.
29. 29
Types of Programming Language
Assembly Language
The problem is that the computer doesn't
understand the assembly code, so we need a way to
convert it to machine code, which the computer does
understand.
Assembly language programs are translated into
machine language by a program called an
assembler.
30. 30
Types of Programming Language
Assembly Language
Example:
Machine language :
10110000 01100001
Assembly language :
mov a1, #061h
Meaning:
Move the hexadecimal value 61 (97 decimal) into
the processor register named "a1".
31. 31
Types of Programming Language
High Level Language
High-level languages allow us to write computer code
using instructions resembling everyday spoken language
(for example: print, if, while) which are then
translated into machine language to be executed.
Programs written in a high-level language need to be
translated into machine language before they can be
executed.
Some programming languages use a compiler to
perform this translation and others use an interpreter.
32. 32
Types of Programming Language
High-Level Language
Examples of High-level Language:
• ADA
• C
• C++
• JAVA
• BASIC
• COBOL
• PASCAL
• PHYTON
33. 33
Choosing a Programming Language
Before you decide on what language to use, you should
consider the following:
your server platform
the server software you run
your budget
previous experience in programming
the database you have chosen for your backend
34. 34
The Programming Process
The Programming Process
Step 1: Defining the problem.
Step 2: Planning the solution.
Step 3: Code the program.
Step 4: Test the program.
Step 5: Document everything.
35. 35
The Programming Process
Step 1: Defining the problem
The task of defining the problem consists of identifying
what it is you know (input-given data), and what it is you
want to obtain (output-the result).
Eventually, you produce a written agreement that, among
other things, specifies the kind of input, processing, and
output required.
36. 36
The Programming Process
Step 1: Defining the problem
Example:
What must the program do?
What outputs are required and in what form?
What inputs are available and in what form?
37. 37
The Programming Process
Step 2: Planning the solution
Two common ways of planning the solution to a problem
are to draw a flowchart and to write pseudocode, or
possibly both.
A flowchart is a pictorial representation of a step-by-step
solution to a problem.
It consists of arrows representing the direction the program
takes and boxes and other symbols representing actions.
It is a map of what your program is going to do and how it
is going to do it.
38. 38
The Programming Process
Step 2: Planning the solution
Pseudocode is an English-like nonstandard language that
lets you state your solution with more precision than you
can in plain English but with less precision than is required
when using a formal programming language.
Pseudocode permits you to focus on the program logic
without having to be concerned just yet about the precise
syntax of a particular programming language.
39. 39
The Programming Process
Step 3: Code the program
You will translate the logic from the flowchart or
pseudocode-or some other tool-to a programming
language.
Program Coding means expressing the algorithm developed
for solving a problem, in a programming language.
40. 40
The Programming Process
Step 4: Test the program
Almost all programs may contain a few errors, or bugs.
Testing is necessary to find out if the program produces a
correct result.
Usually it is performed with sample data
Debugging is the process of locating and removing errors
41. 41
The Programming Process
Step 4: Test the program
Types of Error
Syntax Errors: Violation of syntactic rules in a
Programming Language generates syntax errors.
Effect? Interpreter or Compiler finds it in Syntax Check
Phase.
42. 42
The Programming Process
Step 4: Test the program
Types of Error
Semantic Errors: Doing logical mistakes causes
semantic errors in Source code.
Effect? Interpreters and Compilers can not notice them,
but on execution, they causes unexpected results.
43. 43
The Programming Process
Step 4: Test the program
Types of Error
Run-time Errors: Occur on program execution. Mostly
caused by invalid data entry or tries to use not existing
resources.
Effect? It occurs on run time and may crash the
program execution
44. 44
The Programming Process
Step 5: Document everything
Documentation is a written detailed description of the
programming cycle and specific facts about the program.
Typical program documentation materials include the
origin and nature of the problem, a brief narrative
description of the program, logic tools such as flowcharts
and pseudocode, data-record descriptions, program
listings, and testing results.
Comments in the program itself are also considered an
essential part of documentation.