This document provides an overview of different computer languages. It begins by explaining that computer languages allow communication between humans and computers. It then distinguishes between low-level languages like machine language and assembly language, which are close to hardware, and high-level languages, which are closer to human languages. Popular high-level languages mentioned include Python, JavaScript, Java, C, and C++. Procedural languages require specifying how to solve a problem, while non-procedural languages only require specifying what problem to solve.

2. TOPIC:
COMPUTER LANGUAGES
TALHA GHORI*
INTRODUCTION OF COMPUTER LANGUAGES
DATE:21 JAN,2020

3. COMPUTER LANGUAGE
A Language is a main medium of communicating between the computer system
and most common are the programing language. A computer are the language by
which a user has command to computer to work an algorithm which a user has
written to get output.
As we known a computer only understand a binary number (0,1) to perform various
operations but the language are developed for different types of work on a
computer.

4. EXPLANATION
Human language is known as Natural language. Unfortunately computer cannot
understand natural languages, as a result we must communicate with computer
using computer language. A computer language include a various languages that
are used to communicate with a computer machine .
Some of the languages like programing language which is the set of codes and
instruction
Used for to communicating the machine.
We can divided the computer language into two basic types:

6. TYPES OF COMPUTER LANGUAGE
LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE
HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE

7. LOW-LEVEL COMPUTER LANGUAGE
Low-level computer language are near to the Hardware and far from the human
language.
Computer only understand low level language.
Low-level computer language are the machine codes or closer to it.

8. EXPLANATION
Computer can understand these languages easily .writing a program in low level
languages
Required a deep knowledge of the internal structure of computer hardware . A low-
level
Language does not need any compiler or interpreter to run the program the
processor
Low –level language code directly.
There are two types of low –level language

9. TYPES

10. MACHINE LANGUAGE
A type of computer language in which instructions are written in binary form is
called machine language .
It is the only language that is directly understood by the computer . It is the
fundamental
Language of a computer.

11. EXPLANATION
Program written in machine language can be executed very fast by the computer
.programs
Written in machine language are machine-dependent . Every computer has its own
machine
Language . Machine language is difficult to understand . Writing and modifying
programs in
Machine language takes a lot of time . Machine language is also known as first
generation
Language.

12. ADVANTAGES OF MACHINE LANGUAGE
There is no need any translator or interpreter to translate
the code , as
the computer directly understand the machine language.

13. DISADVANTAGES OF MACHINE LANGUAGE
You have to remember the operation codes , memory address
every time you write
a program and also hard to find errors in a written program. It is a
machine dependent
and can be used by a single type of computer.

14. ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
Assembly language is a low level language . It is one step higher than machine
language .In
Assembly language , symbols are used instead of binary code . These symbols are
Called mnemonics.
Example:
SUB instruction is used to subtract two numbers.

15. EXPLANATION
Assembly language is also called symbolic language . Program written in assembly
language are easier to write and modify than machine language . Assembly is
mostly used for
writing system software . The program using words , names and symbols in
assembly
Language are converted to machine language using Assembler.
Assembly language is also known as second generation Language.

16. ADVANTAGES OF ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
Assembly language is easier to understand and save a lot of time and efforts of a
programmer.
It is easier to correct errors and modify program instructions.
Assembly language has the same efficiency of execution as the machine
language.

17. DISADVANTAGE OF ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
It is written only for a single type of CPU and does not run on any
other CPU . But its speed but its speeds makes it’s the most used
low level language till today which is
used by many programmers.

18. HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
A type of language that is close to human language is called high level language .
High level language are easy to under stand .
Instructions of these languages are written in English – like keywords such as INPUT
,
PRINT and TUPLE e .t . c . A program written in high - level language is easier to
write
And modify.

19. EXPLANATION
The high level language are the most used and also most used and also more
considered programming language that helps a programmer to read , write and
maintain . They are
Less independent to a particular type of a computer and also require a translator
that
Can converted high level language into machine language . The translator may be
used
Compiler and interpreter .

20. COMPILER & INTERPRETER
COMPILER
Compiler will takes the entire
program as input.
Compiler is more faster.
It requires more memory space .
Error are display after entire program
Is check .
INTERPRETER
Interpreter will takes single
instruction as input.
Interpreter is slower.
It requires less memory space .
Error are display for every
instructions
interpreter(if any) .

21. COMPILER & INTERPRETER
It is good for professionals .
Programming language like C , C++
use compiler .
It is good for beginners .
Programming language like python ,
ruby
use interpreter.

22. HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE CONTINUOUS
Compiler and interpreter that helps to convert into binary code for a computer to
understand . There is various high level programming language like C, FORTRAN or
Pascal that are less independent .High –level language are divided into following
Categories:
Procedural language
Object- oriented language
Non- procedural language

23. PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE
Procedural language are also known as Third generation language (3GL). In this
language , a program is a predefined set of instructions .
Program statement are similar to English and are easy to learn.
Less time is require to write the programs .
Programs are easier to understand and modify.
The program execute more slowly.
FORTRAN,BASIC, COBAL and PASCAL are most popular procedural language.

24. OBJECT-ORIENTED LANGUAGE
Object oriented programming (OOP) is a technique in which program are written
on the basics of objects . An object is a collection of data and functions. Object may
be represent
A person , thing or place in the world . In OOP, data and all possible functions on
data are
Grouped together . Object oriented programs are easier to learn and modify .
C++ and JAVA are most popular Object Oriented Language .

25. NON-PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE
Non-procedural languages are known as forth generation languages or 4GL . In
Non-procedural languages, the user only needs to tell the computer “what to do”
not
“how to do” . 4GL are normally used in the data base applications and report
generation.
SQL (Structured Query Language) and RPG (Report Program Generator) are Non-
procedural language.

26. DIFFERENCE B/W PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE AND NON-
PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE
PROCEDURAL LANGUAGE/3GL
Procedural language tells the
computer what to do and how to do.
It is difficult to learn.
It is difficult to debug.
It requires large number of
procedural instructions.
NON-PROCEDURAL
LANGUAGE/4GL
Non-procedural language tell the
computer what to do not how to do.
It is easy to learn.
It is easy to debug.
It is requires a few non-procedural
instructions.

27. PROCEDURAL AND NON-PROCEDURAL
LANGUAGE
It is normally used by professional
programmers.
It is typically file- oriented.
Procedural language provides many
programming capabilities.
It can be used by professional and
technical users.
It is typically database-oriented.
Non-procedural language provides
less
programming capabilities.

28. TYPES OF HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE
1) Python
2) JavaScript
3) Java
4) Swift
5) Go Lang
6) C
7) C++
8) Scala
9) Kotlin
10) Ruby

29. C
A language written by brain Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie. This was to be then
language that UNIX was written into become the first “portable” language.
And then recent year C used as a general purpose because popularity in the
program.

30. ADVANTAGES OF C
powerful and efficient language
Portable language
Built-in function
Quality to extend itself
middle level language
system programing

31. DISADVANTAGES OF C
• Concept of loops
• Runtime cheating
• Concept of namespace
• Low level of abstraction

32. DEFINITION OF C ++
• C++ is general purpose object-oriented programming(OOP) language, developed
by “Bjarne Structure and is an extension of the C language. It is therefore possible
to code C++in a “C style” or object oriented style”. In certain scenarios, it can be
coded in either way and is thus and effective i.e. of a hybrid language.
• Initially the language was called “C with classes” as it had all the properties of the
C language with an additional concept of “classes”.
• However it was renamed C++ in 1983

33. ADVANTAGES OF C ++
• C++ has compiler support and debuggers.
• C++has a large selection of literature
• One class can have more than one base class which is referred to as
polymorphism's

34. DISADVANTAGES OF C ++
• Not available os9
• C++ is difficult to learn and can often become confusing.
• Extensive use on some feature such as operator over loading function over
loading and virtual function can make C++ unreadable.
• Executables are large (500kb) compared to OIC (150kb).

35. C VS C ++
C
 C is procedural language.
 No virtual functions are present in C.
 In C polymorphism is not possible.
 Operator overloading is not possible in
C.
C++
• C++ is not procedural i.e. object
oriented language.
• The concept of virtual function are used
in C++ .
• : Operator overloading is one of the
greatest feature of C++.
• Inheritance is possible in C++.

36. PYTHON
• Python is an interpreted, high-level, general purpose programming language. It
can use for developing desktop GUI applications, websites and web applications.
• It is created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991.
• The Python language is a good choice for beginners because it is easy to learn.
• Programs can be written quickly.
• Python is also a powerful language.

37. JAVA
Java is a programming language and platform.
Java is a high level, rebuts, secured and object-oriented programming language.
James Gosling, Mike Sheridan and Patrick Naughton initiated the Java
language project in 1991.
Firstly, it was called “Green Talk” by James Gosling.
After that, it was called “OAK” and was developed as a part of Green project.
In 1995, Oak was renamed as “Java”.

38. JAVA SCRIPT
JavaScript is the programming language of HTML and the web . It makes web page
dynamic . It is an interpreted programming language with object-oriented
capabilities.
JavaScript History:
1995 by Brendan Each ( Netscape )
Mocha
Live Script
JavaScript

39. JAVA VS JAVA SCRIPT
Java JavaScript
Java is used in a wide range
of places including Android
apps, Credit card
programming etc.
JavaScript is used to make web
pages so attractive.
Java is typically used for all
server side development.
JavaScript is reserved for
developing client side scripts.
Java code must be compiled. JavaScript code is all-text.
Java creates applications that
run in a browser.
JavaScript code is run on
browser only.

40. LANGUAGE GROWTH

41. HIGH LEVEL VS LOW LEVEL LANGUAGE
HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
High level language is very easy to
learn.
These are near to human language.
Translator is require.
Programming in high level language
are slow in execution.
LOW-LEVEL LANGUAGE
Low level language are difficult to
learn.
These are far from human language.
No translator is required.
Programming in low level language
are fast in execution.

42. CONTINUOUS
Programs in high level language are
easy to modify.
Deep knowledge of hardware is not
required to write a programs.
These language are normally used to
write application programs.
Programs in low level language are
difficult to modify.
Deep knowledge of hardware is
required to write a programs.
These language are normally used to
write hardware programs .