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Is Determinism True
Determinism is the idea that everyone's life has been predetermined for them and, that anything that happens could have not gone another way. Also if
when we were born all of our environments, genes were already determined to set us up for what we were made to do then at no point could our
actions be up to us because everything has already been predetermined. When a event is determined it is not the same as being predictable, this
statement would make determinism true because there is no one who can predict what happens next. The deterministic view describes free will as
something that is not really there, this view believes we have no freedom in the choices a person makes. To include, Determinist believe that there is no
free choice, that
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Determinism Vs. Free Will
The idea that the future is already determined is known in philosophy as determinism. There are various definitions of determinism available; but
in this essay, I shall use the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy definition, which is 'the metaphysical thesis that the facts of the past, in
conjunction with the laws of nature, entail every truth about the future This idea presents a difficult problem for the concept of free will: how can
we make free choices if all our actions are determined by the facts of the past and the laws of nature? A related but distinct question is: how can we
be held morally responsible for our actions if we have no free will? Undesirable consequences like these are not sufficient reasons for declaring
determinism to be false; but they can act as a powerful motivator towards resolving the apparent conflict between determinism and free will. Some
philosophers, such as Peter van Inwagen have gone as far as arguing that the existence of moral responsibility entails the existence of free will In this
essay, I intend to argue that a solution to this dilemma lies not in choosing free will over determinism, nor vice versa; but in the theory that
determinism and free will are compatible – known as compatibilism. Before going on, let us be clear about what we mean by the term free will. 'To
have free will is to have what it takes to act freely. When an agent acts freely–when she exercises her free will–it is up to her whether she does one thing
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determinism Essay
Free Will
Imagine if you found yourself in a state of bondage where every action desire and feeling was planned on an inexorable agenda that you could not
help but comply with. Although this seems like a dark and fantastical world, if the idea of determinism is fully accepted than it may not be as distant as
you might think. The idea of Free Will is one of the most timeless and dubitable philosophical questions and is imposable to disregard. The idea of
Free Will has three prevailing schools of thought, consisting of Determinism, (The belief that every action is determined and therefore, not free.),
Liberalism (the belief that our actions are not causally determined and therefore, free.)and lastly, Compatibilism (The belief that... Show more content
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Could you imagine a world with no moral responsibility, albeit the world would be a much more accepting place, the price would be indifference
and there would be nothing left to strive for, or to restrain you from treachery. It would be like sitting contently as a passive train pasengar, just
waiting to see where the train's terminal track takes him. The deterministic argument that every action is the result of a prior action is imposable to
dismiss, but whether or not you have a choice in what action you make is still up for grabs.
Although it is very difficult to indisputably prove the case for Determinism, it is equally testing to argue free will. As I mentioned before, free
will relies highly on the idea of responsibility. In order to deny free will, you must also deny responsibility, which is a very difficult thing for
anyone to do. If we are truly ruled by causal law, than how could any event of occurred other wise, so in order to save moral responsibility, we must
either disprove or reinterpret these causal laws. Most people consider free will as being able to make choices and find alternatives that have not already
been determined. The Incompatibilist or liberalist believes that
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Free-Will Vs Determinism
Imagine that there is clear reasoning behind every event in each and everyone of our lives that we cannot control nor manipulate in any way. This is
where the argument of "free will vs. determinism" comes into play. The concept of determinism states that outside factors affect our decisions and
"free will" and "motivation" are just illusions that conceal the true beliefs towards human behavior (McLeod, 2013). This concept has a lot of
support and most behaviorists argue against free will. To put it simply "free will" is the idea that most of our decisions come from within our minds
and we are able to change our behaviors (McLeod, 2013). The argument between free will and determinism has scientific evidence for each creating a
good amount of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Carl Hoefer, the author of "Causal Determinism" in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, states that the universal definition of determinism is
"The world is governed by (or is under the sway of) determinism if and only if, given a specified way things are at a time t, the way things go
thereafter is fixed as a matter of natural law." (Hoefer, 2016) This definition is based on the concept that everything in the world can be explained
and has a reason for existing at a certain time or place (Hoefer, 2016). Thomas Hobbes, one of the most renowned english philosophers who lived
from 1588 to 1679, who many believe stated the most universal definition of free will as "A free agent is he that can do as he will, and forbear as
he will, and that liberty is the absence of external impediments." (Timpe, 2013) Kevin Timpe interpreted this definition as the ability to select a course
of action being that the individual is free and not being restricted by an external force (Chains, Walls, Bars, etc)(Timpe, 2013). There are so many
variants of these definitions and are always subject to change and
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The Pros And Cons Of Determinism
No human can survive without water due to the fact that without water, a person will die from dehydration, but how do humans know we will die
without water? Simple– there have been several incidences in the past of people dying from a lack of water. As a result, humans drink water so they
do not die. In the study of metaphysics, determinism is a view of freedom and moral responsibility which explains that a person's actions are determined
from previous events, and humans do not have free will. A common phrase people use is "you learn from your mistakes", which makes perfect sense.
A mistake was made in the past, and it is not made in the future given similar circumstances. Aileen Wuornos is a real life example of somebody who
had a horrifying past, and as a result, acted violently. Aileen is an... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Metaphysics also poses two more views on freedom and moral responsibility: libertarianism and compatibilism. Libertarianism explains that previous
events do not determine a person's actions, and that all humans have free will. Compatibilism is a mix of libertarianism and determinism, stating that
humans are determined by previous events, but have free will. Ultimately, determinism is the view that is the most logical because many people can
relate to it due to their previous experiences.
To begin, people who are not determinists will argue that people do have free will. A common criticism for determinism involves thehuman
consciousness: "Consciousness is not a material thing, even if it is dependent on the physical brain, and thus is not bound by the laws of physics."
(Eric Wayne). Due to the fact that an individual's thoughts cannot be observed with the five senses, then the consciousness of every individual is
different. To
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Free-Will Vs Determinism
In part five of the textbook, Philosophy: The Quest For the Truth, the concept of freedom of the will and determinism is discussed in great lengths. The
argument of free will and determinism between psychologists and philosophers has existed for centuries. People who are determined assume that
outside, as well as internal forces, determine behavior. In addition to this they understand that although this is true in their eyes, people are free to
choose their own behavior. According to the textbook, Philosophers assume that people seem to acceptdeterminism, which is defined as being, "the
view that events are determined or necessitated by preceding physical causes and the laws of nature (394)". This being valid brings up many questions
that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is described as that both determinism and free will are compatible and can both be true. Traditional compatibilism makes it clear that an action
is free if it is caused by your own choices and if it is not constrained by anything. This states that even if desires were determined by forces beyond
control, an individual's will may be determined by preceding events and the laws of nature. However, if you are able to do what you will, you are
acting freely. The solution is that free will is reconciled with determinism. In spite of this, Incompatibilist believe that if only our will is determined,
then determinism is true. Correspondingly, they maintain that being able to act on your desires without constraints is not real freedom, because the
desires they have are already
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Moral Determinism Essay
The Moral Implications of Determinism
Determinism contains an entire set of parameters for how the universe operates. If true, determinism would seem to have all sorts of implications for
rational actors and how we live our lives. A number of authors have written on these implications that determinism would have for causality,free will,
and morality. However, I will argue that even the strictest reading of determinism, via causality and free will, does not have the implications for
morality that many think it would. Specifically, these implications are generally thought to mean that our concept of moral responsibility would be in
jeopardy–I will show why this is not the case.
I will start by examining determinism and authors who have written ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indeed, predeterminism seems quite incompatible with what we naturally conceive of as "free will." However, Harry Frankfurt argues for a better
understanding of our 'free will' sense of accountability; Frankfurt argues that a person, Jones, is unknowingly implanted with a device in his brain
that will activate and force him to perform a certain immoral action against his will. However, the device will only activate if Joes does not already
intend to (and does) perform the immoral act by his own agency. If Jones commits the immoral act, and the device does not activate, it might as well
have never been implanted inside him. Yet, we would still hold Jones morally responsible in this situation, even if he was unable to choose to do
otherwise. Thus, Frankfurt's solution to our concept of moral responsibility is that one should be exempt from the responsibility of an act if he or she
performed the action only because he or she could not have done otherwise; I will return to this idea
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Determinism And Free-Will
In this essay I will be addressing whether or not human beings are morally responsible for their actions. For one to be morally responsible for his/her
action they must take into account that the decision being made was from their own free–will. Leading us now to whether human beings have free will
or is it determined. If we were to say determinism is true, then no individual should be praised or punished for their actions due to the fact it was not
based on their own free action. If free–will applies, he/she who commits an act practicing their own free–will deserves to be praised or punished for
such an act. It could be argued that due to determinism people are not morally responsible for their actions, however this would be ridiculous. It ... Show
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An example of an external force could be parents supporting a type of behaviour thereby encouraging it. On the other hand an internal force would be
driven by hormones. Free–will believers assume that things are a bit difficult. They acknowledge that there is internal and external factors, but yet they
still believe that humans are free to choose their own behaviour. Stace theorizes the idea of compatibility or soft determinism. He argues that free–will
exists but to an extent which is known as soft determinism. Stace defines free act as "free acts are all caused by desire, motives, or by some sort of
psychological state of the agent's mind". Unfree acts on the other hand are "those whose immediate causes are states of affairs external to the agent".
Soft determinism is the view that determinism and free–will are compatible. It is a form of compatibilism. Soft determinism consists of two main
claims:
1. Determinism is true. Every human action or event, was causally determined. For example, if you drank coffee instead of tea last night, you could not
have chosen otherwise given your exact
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Determinism Vs Libertarianism
The controversial metaphysical debate of free will in philosophy revolves around the blatant discordancy between casual determinism and society's
perception of free will. In Philosophy by Manuel Velasquez, he describes this debate as "a controversy that still rages in our society" (p. 202). The
three foremost theories that are used in this deliberation are hard determinism, libertarianism, and compatibilism. Philosophers defend and believe in
each one of these theories based upon their individual characteristics. The claim that a set of laws govern the universe and that all events have a
purpose is known as the casual determinism theory (p. 204). Casual determinism presents the idea that it is plausible that all future events are
predictable and "that there is only one path leading from the past" to the future (p. 204). The belief in this theory conceives the possibility that
everything can be explained with reasoning based upon the laws of the universe. This concept would ease an individual's concern of the future with a
sense of security by knowing that the uncertainties of life's events are foreseeable. An example would be knowing that an individual's car will break
down on the highway during morning traffic or when a tree is going to fall on the roof of the house during a thunderstorm. ... Show more content on
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204). It argues that casual determinism and free will cannot coexist, and that casual determinism is the only viable explanation for human actions (p.
204). This theory would eliminate the various stressors of life today because responsibility for one's actions would no longer be needed. An individual
could commit a crime and then claim that they did not have a choice because it was predetermined. If this were true then punishment should not exist
and "the saint should be no more praised than the criminal should be [imprisoned]"
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Determinism Vs Compatibilism
Philosophers through history, especially those of late have debated over the matter of free will. The argument of humans being free is contradicted by
a notion of a pre–determined fate, one that helps to conceive the notion of an omnipotent god. The three major groups of thought on this issue
determinists, libertarians and compatibilists all have varying views of free will, while compatibilism is a combination of beliefs of the other two groups.
A compatibilist would reject any notion that physical determinism impedes free will, as an event may be determined but done voluntarily.
Compatibilists share views with both determinists and libertarians in regards to the freedom and determinism questions. Compatibilists are also called
soft determinists, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In his arguments for compatibilism Ayer suggest that free will be contradicted with constraint to show that an action can be determined, while also
being unconstrained and hence free. A specific example of a determined yet unconstrained action is when an action is determined, such as ordering a
pizza. It was determined that a person would order the pizza, however if it is a voluntary action it is believed to be unconstrained and free. Also in
aiding the argument of compatibility against the given argument it is said that "we lack free will unless we would have done otherwise", Ayer argues
that a person could do otherwise if they please, but that it may be determined that "they want to act as they
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Determinism Vs Free Will
Throughout society, one would be hard pressed to find an individual that did not believe in the concept of freedom. Free will has become a value so
ingrained in civilization that most trust in it implicitly without question and the idea of being free is often romanticized in literature, politics,
religion, and media...However, there is a juxtaposing viewpoint that is also widely recognized. Determinism is generally accepted as the opposite of
free will in that individuals are not free agents in their own life and decisions and behavior is already planned out for them. Two paths that generally
cannot mutually exist in the world; which one is right? Upon examining the research, the vote seems to fall in favor of free will. Free will is defined...
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5). Essentially, if determinism exists, humans have no freedom of choice in their life and all actions of behavior are already decided for them and
can be predicted. For example, in the case of determinism, it could be said that a child born into a family of violent parents will undoubtedly grow
up to be violent as well due to observation and genetics (McLeod, 2013). However, this argument falls short because while it may be true that a child
with abusive or violent parents is much more likely to grow up and act in the same manner for hereditary or child rearing reasons, that child still has
the option to choose not to travel down the path and seek help. Eric Fromm, a noted Neo–Freudian, states that all of us have the potential to control our
own lives but that many of us are too afraid to do so [and] as a result we give up our freedom and allow our lives to be governed by circumstance,
other people, political ideology or irrational feelings (McLeod, 2013, para. 21) Nevertheless, just because someone stays in their same situation and
allows themselves to fall prey to circumstance, does not mean that determinism is readily inescapable since the choice to make a change in one's life
is still there even if the choice is to not act (McLeod, 2013).
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Free Will Vs. Determinism
For centuries, there have been questions regarding free will and determinism. Free will is a human value that has inspired many individuals throughout
history. These concepts of free will and determinism have inspired many poets, spiritualist, philosophers, and activist. There have been numerous
philosophers who believe free will is a part of our human nature, and are continually questioning the concept of free will, constantly attempting to
understand its ' true meaning. In contrast to free will, there is determinism, which seems to bring many conflicts when regarding free will.
The human behavior of free will has the tendency to be caused by the people who have engaged in their actions. Usually, people have control of their
actions, or feel that we do. Typically, as humans, we are free to make our own choices. This freedom can be defined as having free will.
On the other hand, the concept behind determinism is that all events are determined due to prior or previous existing causes. In turn, it makes the
concept of, "free will" impossible. A question in Philosophy Now magazine sparked up a great debate: Are the concepts of determinism when applied
to the brain sciences logically compatible with free will? (Free Will).
The extent as to the relationship between free will and determinism is extremely difficult to answer. It is virtually impossible to understand the
compatibility between the two concepts. For one to understand these concepts, an individual would have to
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Free-Will Vs Determinism
According to Greene and Cohen's article, the problem of free will pertains to the conflicting definitions of free will and determinism. Free will can be
defined as the freedom to decide one's next state; having free will means that one's choices do not depend on past events. Oppositely, determinism
states that every condition in the present depends on past events and all conditions are entirely based on physical laws. Determinism thus claims that
there is only one predetermined way a given agent will act. Based on the definitions of free will and determinism, it appears that free will and
determinism cannot both be right. If one's choices are independent of past events, then physical laws and previous conditions do not determine those
choices. If the opposite is true, then free will cannot exist. For most people, aspects of both free will and determinism seem correct even though it
cannot be so. This is the problem of free will. To explain... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evidence of the existence of the two systems comes from the studies of patients with autism spectrum disorder, who are highly proficient at solving
problems about how physical objects work but cannot effectively utilize the second system to determine how living beings might behave. Greene and
Cohen uses Heider and Simmel's experiment with the film of three moving geometric shapes to support the claim that people use "folk psychology" to
attribute a purpose to the shapes and to perceive their actions in a social context. Furthermore, the example of
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Determinism, Soft Determinism And Libertarianism
Determinism supporters claim that all consequences are inevitable since conditions are met and nothing else would occur by any chances. And
determinism could influence and controlling everything in the universe with causal laws. According to determinism, we could make predictions about
the occurrences of certain events or actions of human beings. There three types of determinism that I will discuss in the following, the Hard
determinism, Soft determinism and Libertarianism. Hard determinism claims all the actions of human beings or consequences of events are
determined by external conditions, with such conditions satisfied there will be no choice of the results available any time. Spinoza, the philosopher
who stood for Hard determinism was convinced that no free wills were available for anything in the universe. Those "Free will" existed in people's
mind were built on illusions, since they had ignored the actual causes to them. The hard determinism could apply to everything we neither might
encountered in the past nor in present time. But I think the laws were found or formed by ourselves since the evolutions of the human societies in
thousands years, it 's not correct to say that no choices are ever made by ourselves. And the key point is that most of the causal laws were found
through scientific methods, but sciences has enhanced our power on predicting and even changing the progress that will result in a different end by
discovering more causal laws as time passes. Soft
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Determinism Between Free Will And Determinism Essay
Determinism relates directly to
The Fountain in Tommy's journey as he changes through the guidance of Izzi's from fearing and fighting death, to acceptance and grace in its
inevitability. This journey is central to the film as the lighting–dark to light–, colours –black to white– and shapes –triangles to rectangles to circles–
all symbolically represent this movement from fear, denial and blindness to enlightenment, acceptance and grace. It is in the climax of this journey that
the conflict between free will and determinism is addressed as through Izzi's book, a manifestation of her feelings (the queen is under attack as she is
battling cancer while Tommy her conquistador attempts to save her from death), Tommy is allowed one more chance at self–examination and
reflection. Through the insertion of himself into Izzi's book he does this exactly, seeing the consequences of Tomas' actions as they parallel his own. It
is in the belief that the conquistador is acting freely that Tommy can ascribe moral responsibility to his actions; if Tommy accepted determinism as true
the conquistador would be absolved of all moral agency, his action already determined through causality. In doing so Tommy recognizes that acting
selfishly will only leave him unfulfilled; the idea of free will is most explicitly affirmed as Tommy revisits the past with this understanding,
acknowledging he deprived his wife of his time in the valuable last moments of her life. Instead of pursuing the incessant
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Free-Will Vs Determinism
Everything happens for a reason. This is a belief accepted by many humans all over the world and is the basis behind decision–making. However,
many humans also believe that actions in life are pre–determined by causes external from the will, this belief is the idea behind determinism.
Philosopher David Hume believes that both free will and determinism can co–exist even though the two concepts seem to contradict each other. I
believe that Hume is correct to believe that free will and determinism can co–exist because determinism explains the outcome of a humans actions and
free will explains the motives behind a humans actions. Hume argues that experience is the origin of all ideas, even outlandish ones. For example, a
unicorn comes from the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hume brings the idea of God into play as he comes to two possible objections relating to God. The first objection is the idea that God, being an
infinite being, is the author of all actions and would not allow for evil actions to exist therefore all actions are good and humans just cannot see the
bigger picture that God has painted. The second objection is that if everything in the universe is as it should be and these evil things are meant to occur
then we are in a way placing blame on God and stripping him of his infinite power. Ultimately, Hume states that one cannot possibly figure out the ways
in which God works using simple philosophy and deems both of these objections pointless because they would only lead to more uncertainty and error.
Hume strengthens his arguments by stating that the way humans and animals understand cause and effect is exactly the same. Humans don't do any
kind of special reasoning or logic to conclude why something happens, we trick ourselves in to believing we do, in reality humans and animals alike
learn the relation between cause and effect through experience. Here Hume gives the ability for a human to understand cause and effect a more
instinctual characteristic than what the common human is accustomed
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Will Vs Determinism
Free Will Vs. Determinism I. Determinism Before one can properly evaluate the entire debate that enshrouds the Free Will/Determinism, each term
must have a meaning, but before we explore the meaning of each term, we must give a general definition. Determinism is, "Everything that happens
is caused to happen. (Clifford Williams. "Free Will and Determinism: A Dialogue" pg 3). This is the position that Daniel, a character in Williams'
dialogue, chooses to believe and defend. David Hume goes a little deeper and explains in his essay, "An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding of
Liberty and Necessity," that determinism is this: "It is universally allowed, that matter, in all its operations, is actuated by a necessary force, and... Show
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Daniel's response was to clear up where the reasonable bounds of induction truly exist. If one were to drop one hundred objects of all shapes, sizes,
and weights, and found that they all fell to the ground, then it would be safe to induce that all objects will fall to the ground. Accordingly, science
has "dropped" thousands of events, and found that they all had causes. So, according to Daniel, it is not only sane to assume, but actually should be
inferred that all things are caused. The only response to this is that we still have not seen enough to make an accurate inference. Though there seems
to be a lot of evidence in favor of determinism, there is one field that remains an anomaly in science. Almost every area of science is based on cause
and effect, order, and a structured protocol of operation, but the Quantum Mechanics is different. All matter is made up of atoms, and all atoms are
made up of electrons, neutrons, and protons. These in turn are made up of quarks. The movement of quarks, and the emission of photons as electrons
skip shells seem to be totally random. If this is true, then what are the implications on the free will/determinism debate? It may seem like an obscure
point, but if you look at the definition of determinism, it says that all things are caused, and if there is one single uncaused event, then determinism
must be false. So if you find one random event, then determinism is nothing more than a myth, but, in light of this
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Free-Will Vs Determinism
The notion of free will has received a lot of attention in philosophy. Before we can examine it, however, we must understand some basic terminology.
Determinism, when simply put, is the idea that everything including thoughts, decisions, and actions are predetermined before it even happens.
Everything was determined to happen up to what kind of toast you ate for breakfast. There is no choice, randomness, and free will does not exist.
Indeterminism is the opposite of determinism. It is a theory that one event does not necessarily cause another event to happen, and that if you were to
put the universe into rewind and play it over again, it would have a different outcome each time. Compatibilism or soft determinism, agrees that
determinism... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Determinism and free–will can not be associated with each other, because determinism is the belief that everything happens for a reason and free–will
is the idea that you have control over actions without influece or persuasions of any sort. If determinism is true, your past has influence over the
decisions that you make in the present and future, therefore, determinism and free–will are not compatible. "Every event has a cause; every cause is
also an event; human behavior is an event; thus, all human behavior is a cause; if an event is caused, it is not free; thus, no human behavior is free,
and free will does not exist" (Blatchford, 1998). This claim makes no sense since the fact that it presents that as if everything started from an initial
major event. However, this event can not be the initial and first one, since it also claims that every event has a cause, following this logic the first
event definitely does not exist and the chain of causes and events are
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Free Will and Determinism
The problem of free will and determinism is a mystery about what human beings are able to do. The best way to describe it is to think of the
alternatives taken into consideration when someone is deciding what to do, as being parts of various "alternative features" (Van–Inwagen). Robert
Kane argues for a new version of libertarianism with an indeterminist element. He believes that deeper freedom is not an illusion. Derk Pereboom
takes an agnostic approach about causal determinism and sees himself as a hard incompatibilist. I will argue against Kane and for Pereboom, because I
believe that Kane struggles to present an argument that is compatible with the latest scientific views of the world. Robert Kane begins by explaining
that there are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If described from a physical perspective, free will looks like chance. However, the indeterministic chaotic process is also, experientially, the agent's
effort of will – something the agent is doing. The agent's choice is something that the agent does and not something that happens to the agent.
Therefore, the choice reflects the agent's effort, even though the outcome is not yet determined. Kane ends his argument by saying that these
reflections naturally raise further questions about whether the indeterminism required by an incompatibilist theory of free will is actually there in the
brain and that every undetermined, self–forming, free choice is the initiation of what might be called a "value experiment" whose justification lies in
the future and is not fully explained by past reasons. Derk Pereboom's position is an agnostic approach about causal determinism. He contends that
if causal determinism were true, we do not have the sort of free will required for moral responsibility. As a hard compatibilist, he believes that life
without this kind of free will need not preclude a sense of meaning based on morality, and, in some respects, it could even be support it. When
arguing against compatibilism, Pereboom first defines compatibilism as free will of the type required for moral responsibility. He says that it is
compatible with determinism and that compatibilists will say that we do in fact have this sort of free will. He then defines a libertarianist as someone
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Determinism Vs. Free Will
Olivia Vogel
Introduction to philosophy
Jones
Determinism vs. Free will
The belief that all events have causes and if there ever is an equivalent origin, the same outcome will occur is called determinism. Almost meaning that
every event is certain and that there really isn't such thing as "free will". We have the debut of free will, it is an unmitigated appearance that simply
holds that there is a case about anything that happens in the near future, nevertheless how it comes about. Which leads to the question, do we have
free will? Or are our actions governed? Well if you look at free will it is the concept that you believe that it is ultimately your choice and even if you
were given alternative choices you could have chosen differently. Free will is a botheration by cause and reason, which leads to libertarianism –
whatever free action is, it involves reason and causes. Do I buy I new pair of shoes for no reason or do I act upon it due to a preceding idea? We can't
talk about free will when there is a reason why we do the acts behind it. Things and choices impose our other choices, so are we really free? It is
really hard to choose which theory I favor more, like being stuck between a rock and a hard place. Part of me believes that it is hard to see if the
case of the earth, chiliad of years ago, fixes everything I experience throughout my life. I somewhat believe that I am an independent agent and the
writer of my own
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Free-Will Vs Determinism
Free will and determinism are two distinct philosophies regarding human character that some philosophers believe to be compatible, while other
philosophers do not. Determinism suggests that every action and decision is predictable and foreseeable while free will affords these decisions as
random acts and selectable by our will and desire to choose to decide which path to take. In this paper, I will argue that free will is not compatible with
determinism.
EXPOSITION Determinism is the modern term derived from Democritus' ancient idea that "causal deterministic laws control the motion of atoms"
("Determinism"). Since everything in the universe consists of atoms, including people, then according to this law, this theory of deterministic ... Show
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Some have written that "the reason our behavior is unpredictable from the outside is that we have ultimate freedom of choice" ("Determinism"). Free
will could be described as having "voluntary and non–voluntary" acts and tendencies and what distinguishes the two refers to self–consciousness. Is this
a decision or act based on self–awareness and consciousness? We may choose to act on a decision, or we may choose not to act. That is our
self–conscious and our free will of decision–making. The mere act of consciously making a decision defines our moral freedom and free will. Henry
Sidgewick made a valid case on consciousness when he said, "Certainly, in the case of actions in which I have a distinct consciousness of choosing
between alternatives of conduct, one of which I conceive as right or reasonable, I find it impossible not to think that I can now choose to do what I
so conceive, however strong may be my inclination to act unreasonably, and however uniformly I may have yielded to such inclinations in the past"
("Determinism"). Because we have the ability to actively choose a path or decision based on our conscious thoughts attests to the ability to choose
based on free will and not because we are destined to choose that
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Hard Determinism And Compatibilism
The concept of free will has been a point of contention among philosophers who study metaphysics. Regarding this concept of free will, three theories
have arisen: hard determinism, libertarianism, and compatibilism. Hard determinism states that all human actions have been predetermined, whereas
libertarians state that all human actions are free, and compatibilism states that some human actions are free, though they are all casually determined
(Stewart et al., 2013, p. 154). Each of these three theories have a different definition of freedom, where hard determinism and libertarianism define
freedom as that the person was not casually determined and could have chosen the alternative to his action, and compatibilists define freedom as a
person's ability to perform action through his desires, feelings, and emotions (Stewart et al., 2013, p. 154). Perhaps one of the greatest arguments for
libertarianism involves the theory of causality. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If no other event caused the person to perform the action he did, then the person was the cause of the action. Furthermore, if the choice was not
predetermined and the person is the source of his choices, then they person is fully responsible for his choices (Stewart et al., 2013). Because the
person participated in the action "the person has become the cause of the choice in a very strong sense, for the choice is alleged to flow directly
from the person and not merely from some psychological events or states within the person" (Stewart et al., 2013, 158). People often speak as though
they make free choices. For example, people say, "I chose to do this." Because the person is the source of their actions gives them moral responsibility
for whatever they choose to
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Determinism Vs Free Will
Even with all of the technology and knowledge have available to us today, we are still unable to answer certain questions that have puzzled human
beings for centuries. Determinism versus free–will is one of the great questions that, at this point in time, cannot be proved or disproved. There is much
discussion regarding the issue of free–will versus determinism, and both present very important supplemental questions that both positions must face.
Although a definitive answer cannot be given or proved yet, many disciplines make their own attempt to provide factual or subjective information to
support both sides. Experts in philosophy, physics, psychology, theology, etc. all attempt to answer this universal question, whether it is through... Show
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It has been questioned as to whether time is a fourth dimension of our universe that we simply do not have the ability to see. Much like the sphere
explained to the square in Abbott's "Flatland," seeing something in a specific dimension automatically implies the next dimension exists. When the
square was able to see other citizens of Flatland, it implied that they had a miniscule amount of height into Space land, or else they would not be
visible. (Abbott) Scientists have attempted to prove that we live in a three dimensional world, where we see two dimensionally, but in which a fourth
dimension is present. If time is that fourth dimension and we were able to determine a way to move linearly through time (i.e. time travel), it would
lend to the idea that free–will does not exist because, much like God being omniscient, if the future already exists we have no ability to make our own
choices. The future is already set and our paths through life predetermined. Einstein discovered the idea of relativity of space and time in which he
called space–time. In short, scientists believed that if light traveled away from the earth as the earth was rotating, it would cause the speed of light to
increase, and if light traveled towards the earth as it was rotating, the speed of light would decrease. They discovered that the speed of light remained
the same. (Mastin) Einstein determined, through E=MC^2, that if the speed of light remains constant then the speed of time must change. This was
later tested and proved by placing multiple atomic clocks on the ground and some in a jet airplane. The aircraft was then flown around the world, and
when it returned the times of the clocks that remained in the same place differed from the times on the clocks that flew in the jet. Thus proving that
time, at least as we know it, is relative to motion. (Hafele) If this idea was
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Compatibilism Response To Determinism
The philosophy of determinism states that everything humans do are determined by the previous action and the causal law of nature. Determinism
believes that humans are no control over their action, therefore there is no free will, and nobody is responsible for their action. There are several
responses to the philosophy of determinism including libertarianism, compatibilism, and fatalist Libertarianism is one of response to determinism.
Libertarianism completely opposes the idea of Determinism. Libertarianism argues that determinism is wrong. Humans are free from anything, and
they have the right to choose; however, they are responsible for their decision. Humans are special creature because they have free will. We humans are
free from anything and our choice and our decision is based on our interest and nothing forces us to do something. Every human is responsible for their
action. Libertarianism believes that if humans are free and responsible, then there is a free will; therefore, the philosophy of determinism is completely
false. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Compatibilism believes in both free will and partial idea of determinism. compatibilism claim that even though everything is determined, however
humans have free will in determined life. Both determinism and compatibilism agree with the idea of everything is predetermined, but they disagree
on the idea of free will. Determinism believe that there is no free will and Everything is determined while compatibilism no indeed there is free will
in determined life, and humans are completely free and responsible of their actions. Compatibilism conclude their argument by our desire and goal are
already determined by previous event and casual low of nature, but humans are free and responsible for their
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Determinism Vs Libertarianism
Akash Shankar Richard Pulling 7–23–2015 Philosophy Are You Free The concept of determinism, compatibilism and libertarianism is truly trying to
explain if we are free and if so how much. Some of us believe that we are the masters of our fate, our soul while others believe our destiny is
predetermined and that we are bound to a certain set goal in life. The concepts of determinism, compatibilism and libertarianism try to help aid in that
discussion and help enlighten us on what we believe is the correct ideology. It is therefore extremely important to define what each of these three
concepts mean before comparing and contrasting the various arguments that each present. First off is determinism, this is a view that every event,
including human... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example the deterministic view has one major weak side that is clearly seen in the Loeb and Leopold case. Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold
were two young men who had privileged families and attended the best schools. However they murdered a fourteen year old boy to experience the
thrill of killing someone. The public wanted the death penalty to be handed down but attorney Clarence Darrow fought and won a life
imprisonment verdict (Chaffee 177).The attorney employed a hard determinist argument to show the judge that his clients were victims of
circumstance and they were beyond their own control. He even says in the trial that nature is strong and she is pitiless. She works in her own
mysterious way, and we are her victims (Chaffee 177). His argument obviously worked as the two young men were not sentenced to death. This one
case in my opinion shows how determinism does not make sense to me. I absolutely believe that the environment and the way were brought up has
an effect on how we act on the decisions we make. But at the end of the day I also believe that we should be fully help responsible for the actions that
we make. These two young men in my opinion should have been punished to the full degree. The deterministic argument puts too much emphasis on
the environment and other factors instead of one's self in my opinion. I could be taught and raised to steal my entire life, yes I may have been
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Determinism, Compatibility, And Incompatibility
This week in lecture we were introduced with the problem of Free Will. To dig deeper into the problem of Free Will we went through these four
concepts: Determinism, Indeterminism, Compatibility, and Incompatibility. Determinism is defined as "the doctrine that all event, including human
actions, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will. Some philosophers have taken determinism to imply the individual human beings have
no free will and cannot be morally responsible for their actions" (Google definitions). In philosophers perspective there is no randomness in life, every
action is predetermined, this is idea is expanded by the example that if you were on a path and there were multiple paths to continue on in reality only
one
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Environmental Determinism and Biological Determinism
Environmental Determinism and Biological Determinism can set restrictions on a person's behavior. Environmental Determinism is the view that the
environment can have a great impact on a person's behavior. Environmental Determinism is known as the name Climatic Determinism or the name
Geographical Determinism. Biological Determinism is the view that a person's genetic material can set limits on a person's behavior. Environmental
Determinism and Biological Determinism are different because they limit a person's behavior in different ways and are similar because they have
similar effects on different societies.
First of all, Environmental Determinism effects on behavior based on the environment. A large amount of tropical countries is... Show more content on
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Racist beliefs related to moral and intellectual characteristics still persist. The belief that one's race is superior to many other races still exists to this
day. This is how Biological Determinism affects based on a person's genetic material.
Third, Environmental Determinism and Biological Determinism are similar because everyone is affected by Environmental Determinism and
Biological Determinism. Environments affect the survival and growth of a person. Different environments affect a person's culture and decision
making. Environmental factors have a strong impact on a person. Agene is a "unit of hereditary information that occupies a fixed position on a
Chromosome"(Encyclopedia Britannica). A Chromosome is a "Threadlike part of the cell that carries hereditary information in the form of
Genes"(Encyclopedia Britannica). "A defining feature of any chromosome is its compactness. For instance, the 46 chromosomes found in human cells
have a combined length of 200 nm (1 nm = 10в€’ 9 metre); if the chromosomes were to be unraveled, the genetic material they contain would measure
roughly 2 metres (about 6.5 feet) in length (Encyclopedia Britannica)."Human beings rely on genetic material. People pass on genetic traits to
offspring. Phenotype is the interaction between Biology and the environment. Environmental Determinism and Biological Determinism are similar in
many ways.
Biological Determinism and Environmental Determinism has existing conditions that
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Free-Will And Determinism
Free Will and Determinism– is it an Illusion? Determinism, libertarianism and compatibilism are three significantly different views on where
unaccountability might stop and where free will and moral responsibility begin. Determinism is the strict opinion that every action and decision is the
cause of an event, genetics or the environment prior to that action. Quite the opposite is libertarianism, which happens to be the genuine belief in free
will as well as the denial of universal causation. Finally, deep self–compatibilism meshes both of these stand points together and introduces the idea
that one's action can be free if it stems purely out of personal, authentic desire. Since all three judgments have a backbone of convincing... Show more
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Second, Silenus would agree that if something is caused it can never be free. Silenus is very high on himself as he rarely ever takes Hench's threats
seriously because he is intelligent enough to understand that Hench feels responsible for anything that he does. This is partially because Silenus is
constantly reminding him that he isn't responsible for how his mind works and thus can never be held accountable for any action that may blossem
from his desires. Third, since Silenus concludes that he is not responsible for what he is, free will and moral responsibility must cease to exist in his
case. "Don't be silly Hench. Only human beings are responsible. I am what I am," (Satyr, 218). The Satyr considers himself to be above human
responsibility based on both his pre–determined genetic information, and also his environment when he's reduced to cleaning his creator's lab. To add,
all–human acquaintances Silenus has had the displeasure of meeting label him as an untrustworthy beast. By soaking up human behavior like a
sponge, Silenus discovers that people can be extremely selfish, so he decides it is ok to mock this behavior in a very direct manner. Therefore, Silenus
the Satyr and his determinist view that there are reasons behind every action have even Hench convinced that he is in fact liable for all negative
outcomes that Silenus may initiate. In the beginning of the story, Hench is
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Free Will Vs. Determinism
Free Will vs. Determinism What determines and influences human behavior? Humans have been looking the answer for this question during several
eras, thus they developed various theories attempting to explain human behavior. Determinism is the belief that one event is the consequence of a
previous action, similar to a chain. According to some philosophers who support determinism, the will of an agent follows physical laws, and every
action is explicable and predictable by physical conditions. By this means, an agent is not able to control his actions, but his actions are determined
physically. Free will, on the other hand, is the belief of freedom of choice, and hence decisions are self–controlled. Future cannot be predicted since
human behavior tends to be unstable.
From these extremely different positions, compatibilism emerged as the idea that determinism and free will exist in a compatible manner, which is the
most accepted theory. In this way, there is a connection between an agent's will and actions. It argues people's behavior is determined, but they are able
to choose freely according to their desires. Another hypothesis to explain human behavior is the idea that neither free will nor determinism exits, but
everything is random. This theory of incopatibilism states events are unpredictable and uncertain, nevertheless, it tends to confuse causation with
compulsion, which is why it is not the most acceptable argument to explain human behavior.
Annotated Bibliography
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Determinism In Groundhog Day
Free Will, Determinism, and Compatibilism in Groundhog Day As all philosophical theories show controversial view points, the same is true for the
concept of free will and determinism. Some people believe free will may be true, whereas others believe in determinism. However, some people
believe it could be possible for life to include both free will and determinism, which is called compatibilism. Free will is the philosophical idea that all
choices in life are ultimately free. Determinism is the idea that every event has a cause, including human thinking and acting. Compatibilism is the idea
that acting freely results from past experiences and desires. Provided that different situations throughout life prove probable evidence for both free ...
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Free will and determinism are compatible because a person acts freely according to desires determined by their past history (Rachels 116).
Freedom requires determinism in that, "free does not mean uncaused. Rather, it means something like uncoerced" (Rachels 117). This type of
freedom may better be looked at as control. Some actions are beyond a persons control, such as sneezing. A person cannot be blamed for sneezing,
but they can be blamed if they do not cover their face when sneezing. This is a freedom of control, based on the determined fact that a person
cannot stop a sneeze. In essence, "because free will is typically taken to be a necessary condition of moral responsibility, compatibilism is sometimes
expressed as a thesis about the compatibility between moral responsibility and determinism" (McKenna). Compatibilism fits perfectly within the
Groundhog Day storyline. As Phil knows what actions are determined upon that day, he also makes some choices dependent upon his desires. His
number one desire is to get out of the loop and to do so he knows he has to make the choice to become an all–around better person. As Rachels says,
"We are as free as a feather tossed in the wind. We are subject to prior cause and controlled by the laws of physics" (117). In other words, people do
possess some freedom, but not in a form of complete chaos. There are factors that influence a persons
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Determinism And Its Effects On Society
Determinism claims that all events are inevitable to have certain results at the end, since conditions are met and nothing else would occur. And it could
apply to everything in the universe with causal laws. With the discovering laws, we could make predictions. Over the years, there are more than one
determinism been developed over time.
Hard determinism claims all the actions of human beings or consequences of events are determined by external conditions, with such conditions
satisfied there will be no choice of the results available any time. Spinoza, the philosopher who stood for Hard determinism was convinced that no free
wills were available for anything in the universe. Those "Free will" existed in people's mind were built on illusions, since they had ignored the actual
causes for them. The hard determinism could apply to everything we neither might encounter in the past nor in present time. But I think the laws were
found or formed by ourselves since the revolutions of the human societies in thousands of years, it 's not correct to say that no choices are ever made
by ourselves. And the key point is that most of the causal laws were found through scientific methods, but sciences have enhanced our power on
predicting and even changing the progress that will result in a different end by discovering more causal laws as time passes.
Soft determinism is a philosophical theory that opposite to Hard determinism's conclusion that people are not accountable even for their
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Essay on Determinism and Free will
Determinism and Free will
Suppose that every event or action has a sufficient cause, which brings that event about. Today, in our scientific age, this sounds like a reasonable
assumption. After all, can you imagine someone seriously claiming that when it rains, or when a plane crashes, or when a business succeeds, there
might be no cause for it? Surely, human behavior is caused. It doesn't just happen for no reason at all. The types of human behavior for which people
are held morally accountable are usually said to be caused by the people who engaged in that behavior. People typically cause their own behavior by
making choices; thus, this type of behavior might be thought to be caused by your own choice–makings. This freedom to make ... Show more content on
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Our common practice of thinking of others and ourselves as accountable is simply not justified!
There are those who think that our behavior is a result of free choice, but there are also others who believe we are servants of cosmic destiny, and that
behavior is nothing but a reflex of heredity and environment. The position of determinism is that every event is the necessary outcome of a cause or
set of causes, and everything is a consequence of external forces, and such forces produce all that happens. Therefore, according to this statement, man
is not free.
If we accept the determinist argument and assume human behavior as a consequence of external factors rather than of free choice, then we must
realize that our explanation of human behavior leaves no room for morality. If people do not choose their actions, then they are not really
responsible for them, and there is no need for praising or blaming them. If determinism were true, then there would be no basis for human effort, for
why should a person make an effort if what he or she does doesn't make a difference? If what will be will be, then one has an excuse for doing
nothing. Life would not be so meaningful for people on deterministic grounds. Human life, as we know it, would not make much sense without the
concept of freedom. In our everyday lives, there are many times when we have to make decisions; what we
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Hard Determinism Analysis
An implication of free will is that man is nothing more than a puppet. Following the rules of determinism, humans will follow the same choices made
on previous occasions, whether they are right or wrong.The main idea of determinism is that everything can be explained or that everything has a
reason for being and being as it is and nothing else. Soft and hard determinism are two of the many different types of determinism that people believe
in. Both types of determinism's share the same belief that everything is determined at a physical level. In other words, all events that occur within
nature are determined by events that have already happened before it. Soft determinism believes that free will is compatible with determinism. They
believe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hard determinism (aka incompatibilism) is the view that determinism is true and there is no such thing as free will. In Locke's analogy of the
locked room, he describes a man asleep in a locked room. When the man wakes up, he decides to stay there. Although he believes he is using his free
will to make this choice, he could not have done anything else but remain in the room. "He has not the freedom to be gone.". Baron Holbach is an
18th–century French philosopher that strongly believes that free will is an illusion. According to Holbach, humans have no choice in anything they
because everything is already predetermined. Holbach also states that humans make choices based on their preferences. For example, if Amanda
walked into a bakery store filled with various types of baked goods, it would appear that Amanda has the free will to choose any item she desires.
Holbach would argue that Amanda has already made a choice in her mind before walking into the bakery due to chocolate chip cookies being her
favorite snack. If determinism is true only one future is possible at any moment in time. What really happens is that our behavior and our lives are
influenced by many factors that don't reach our
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Mr Nobody Determinism
Free will and determinism are major themes in Mr. Nobody. Both of these themes are shown through postmodern characteristics and techniques. Free
will is the power of humans to make choices that are not determined by prior causes or by divine intervention. Determinism is a theory or doctrine that
acts of the will , occurrences in nature, or social or psychological phenomena are causally determined by preceding events or natural laws. Free will is
present in the film. This can be interpreted through the young Nemo when he tries to choose the best choice; stay with his father or go with his mother.
Likewise, determinism is seen throughout the film. Determinism can be seen when Nemo can read the future. This shows how free will and determinism
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A movement away from the apparent objectivity provided helps reveal the themes of free will and determinism. Apparent objectivity is a clear bias
with no room for interpretation. With less use of apparent objectivity, there is more underlying bias opinion. Nemo is an omniscient narrator in the
film because he has access to all future events that are to occur in the film. This can relate to free will and determinism for the following reasons.
Since Nemo can predict the future he has the choice of choosing. This shows Nemo's character as one who cannot make a choice because of all the
possible outcomes. This hinders his ability of free will because all possible outcomes are set in stone and there is nothing he can do to change it. As
Nemo says, "As long as you don't choose, everything remains possible". What this quote could mean is that there is that the possibilities are endless
and there is nothing someone can do to stop them from doing it. This relates well with the movement away from apparent objectivity because whatever
choice someone makes, there is more interpretation with whatever choice they make. This is evident throughout the film when it shows different shots
of Nemo in his alternate lives. It shows the different angles of his other lives by portraying that
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Determinism, Hard And Soft
Determinism: According to Sappington (1990) there are two types of determinism, hard and soft. He states that those who hold hard determinism say
that human behavior is completely determined by outside factors and that ideas such a free will or moral responsibility are meaningless. Many famous
psychologists take this approach such as Freud who believed that people's behavior is controlled by unconscious factors and any conscious reasons
given are simply the brain rationalizing actions to the superego. Skinner argued against Freud and said that behavior is determined by their
reinforcement histories. Although they argue on the finer points they both believe that conscious choice is irrelevant.
The second kind of determinism that Sappington (1990) speaks of is soft determinism which is the belief that human behavior is determined, but this
does not mean that free will is incompatible with it. This view is says that people make choices that affect their lives but these choices themselves are
determined by other factors. According to Sappington (1990) Hobbes, Locke Hume, and Mill represent this position among with many other famous
psychologists. The idea of soft determinism is not controversial in psychology today. (Sappington 1990)
Is belief in free will or determinism mutually exclusive or can one hold both views? Philosophers have contrasted compatibilist and incompatibilist
positions (Sappington 1990). Incompatibilists argue that people cannot believe both views, while
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Ethical Consequences Of Determinism
One way of approaching the possible social and ethical consequences of determinism, should it be definitively proven, is to analyze the behavior of
devoutly religious individuals who believe God's will supersedes their own, compared with the behavior of individuals influenced by determinism who
believe their own free will is nonexistent. Religion in itself shares several key characteristics with determinism, the main differentiating factor being
forgiveness from a higher power. Without this guarantee of forgiveness, the social and ethical ramifications of a deterministic future that supersedes
religious beliefs are significant. Furthermore, operating under the lens of Antonio Damasio's theory of the three layers of consciousness and self, ...
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However, if determinism has always been true what would that mean for how our world and society has formed? One could argue that if
determinism was true, the world we live in today would be nothing like as we recognize it. According to Antonio Damasio, there are three layers to
consciousness and the self: the proto self, the core self, and the autobiographical self (Damasio 15:53). The proto self and core self are important, but
not entirely relevant to our discussion on determinism. The autobiogaphic self, however, is key. Damasio suggests that this autobiographical self is
"built on the basis of past memories and memories of the plans that we have made," (16:26). Additionally, "the autobiographical self has prompted
extended memory, reasoning [...] out of that came the instruments of culture [...] And it is within that culture that we really can get [...] something that
is not entirely set by our biology" (Damasio 16:26). If Damasio's conclusions are accurate, then the autobiographical self is separate from our biology
and not bound by the physical laws of determinism. If the autobiographical self is conscious, and with that consciousness came the ability to plan, take
action, and create all the successful elements of our current world cultures – would they still exist in a determinist world without an autobiographical
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Determinism And Free Will
Determinists believe that everything that occurs in the world follows both from the laws of nature and also the prior state of the universe. As a result,
they further believe that our actions are predetermined. Many philosophers believe this it offers a simple justification as to why people commit such
actions and, even more broad, why history precedes in the way that it does.
As an incompatibilist, I believe that determinism rules out the possibility of human freedom. Determinism relies on a cause and effect relationship
between the current state and the past. it uses empirical notions that past action, or experience, combines with natural law to basically set out our
actions. I cannot see how a philosophy that suggests this cause and effect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Peter van Inwagen, a proponent of libertarianism, argues in his piece "Freedom of the Will" that freedom and a society dictated. Libertarians often
rationalize that one must believe that humans have free will so that we as a society are able to hold people accountable for their actions. Yet, as a hard
determinist, I would say that yes we do exist in a cause and effect world in which actions are predetermined; yet, we are the means of those actions.
van Inwagen also rejects determinism because he believes in the possibility of one having multiple futures – which determinism does not allow for.
Most importantly, he rejects determinism's central idea, the causality relationship, in favor of a world in which humans can choose their own paths.
This idea of choice is not sound as actions that one has no control over before birth indirectly influence their decision making, rationalizing, and so
forth. For instance, people born into households with lower incomes tend to go to lower performing schools. These lower performing schools impact
their ideas about society, their role in society, and in a broader view, the world. The "choices" they make were already decided before they were even
born from the socioeconomic conditions and genetic history since the beginning of time that had preceded the birth. Unknowingly, the person makes
"choices," which are not really their own, based off of
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Examples Of Soft Determinism
People always say that nothing can stop you from achieving your dream and it shouldn't, however, the only one that can initiate the actions of the next
steps in your life is you. The definition of Soft Determinism is that one, determinism is true and two, each person has a right to live the way they want
as long as there is a Free Will. Soft Determinism is different as Determinism because Determinism is the exact opposite of free will. Determinism
challenges the fact that there is no Free Will. In a way, it can be seen as freedom, freedom of being their own person. Soft Determinism has many
perspectives about Free Will, however, it ties down to where in some situations where we are limited to our actions due to certain events such as life and
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Which can be seen a confusing because what makes it so different? Free Will are not as easily to define because in the point of view of
determinism, there many different perspectives on them. In the view of soft determinism is that Free Will does exist only depending on how
society and the environment has shaped one as a person. For instance, Free Will leads to moral responsibilities which limits the right to act freely
and limits the right to do what he/she wants. There are multiple examples of Soft Determinism and an easier way to understand the Free Will. To
break it down, if someone's stomach was growling the first thought would be buying a sandwich to eat during their lunch break, isn't that acting
freely? Since your mind is telling you that you are hungry and that you are craving a sandwich. It is acting on your own desires and wants because
you specifically wanted a sandwich instead of a slice of pizza or pasta. want to eat because you are hungry. You are making your own choice because
you would not had felt hungry if your body did not react. In a way you can see it as it not being your choice because you cannot control the hungry in
you but you can control what you consume, what you wear, and what you
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Free-Will Vs Determinism
In philosophy, there are two ideas called "Free will" and "Determinism." According to Google, Free will is "the power of acting without the constraint
of necessity or fate; the ability to act at one's own discretion." This basically means that you decide what you do, how you act, and what you want to
do in the future. On the other hand, also defined by Google, Determinism is "the doctrine that all events, including human action, are ultimately
determined by causes external to the will. Some philosophers have taken determinism to imply that individual human beings have no free will and
cannot be held morally responsible for their actions." Fundamentally, you do not have a choice in your actions as it was predetermined from your
start. According to free will, you are morally responsible for your own actions. You have a choice to be a murderer and you have a choice to be a
janitor. You have a choice to eat the fried rice or the Chinese authentic pizza. You decide whether want to stay in Oakland or live in Russia. You
determine whether Donald Trump is good–hearted. You decide whether you want to buy the Nokia Lumia 365 or the Iphone 5s. Basically, you have
freedom over your decisions. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This idea basically indicates that free will and determinism can occur together; both ideas are compatible with each other. I believe that reality is
based off of Compatibilism. There are some choices that you can't choice and there are some that you can decide on your own. You can't choose the
big life–changing decisions, but you can opt for the best case in average daily
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

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Is Determinism True

  • 1. Is Determinism True Determinism is the idea that everyone's life has been predetermined for them and, that anything that happens could have not gone another way. Also if when we were born all of our environments, genes were already determined to set us up for what we were made to do then at no point could our actions be up to us because everything has already been predetermined. When a event is determined it is not the same as being predictable, this statement would make determinism true because there is no one who can predict what happens next. The deterministic view describes free will as something that is not really there, this view believes we have no freedom in the choices a person makes. To include, Determinist believe that there is no free choice, that ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 2. Determinism Vs. Free Will The idea that the future is already determined is known in philosophy as determinism. There are various definitions of determinism available; but in this essay, I shall use the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy definition, which is 'the metaphysical thesis that the facts of the past, in conjunction with the laws of nature, entail every truth about the future This idea presents a difficult problem for the concept of free will: how can we make free choices if all our actions are determined by the facts of the past and the laws of nature? A related but distinct question is: how can we be held morally responsible for our actions if we have no free will? Undesirable consequences like these are not sufficient reasons for declaring determinism to be false; but they can act as a powerful motivator towards resolving the apparent conflict between determinism and free will. Some philosophers, such as Peter van Inwagen have gone as far as arguing that the existence of moral responsibility entails the existence of free will In this essay, I intend to argue that a solution to this dilemma lies not in choosing free will over determinism, nor vice versa; but in the theory that determinism and free will are compatible – known as compatibilism. Before going on, let us be clear about what we mean by the term free will. 'To have free will is to have what it takes to act freely. When an agent acts freely–when she exercises her free will–it is up to her whether she does one thing ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 3. determinism Essay Free Will Imagine if you found yourself in a state of bondage where every action desire and feeling was planned on an inexorable agenda that you could not help but comply with. Although this seems like a dark and fantastical world, if the idea of determinism is fully accepted than it may not be as distant as you might think. The idea of Free Will is one of the most timeless and dubitable philosophical questions and is imposable to disregard. The idea of Free Will has three prevailing schools of thought, consisting of Determinism, (The belief that every action is determined and therefore, not free.), Liberalism (the belief that our actions are not causally determined and therefore, free.)and lastly, Compatibilism (The belief that... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Could you imagine a world with no moral responsibility, albeit the world would be a much more accepting place, the price would be indifference and there would be nothing left to strive for, or to restrain you from treachery. It would be like sitting contently as a passive train pasengar, just waiting to see where the train's terminal track takes him. The deterministic argument that every action is the result of a prior action is imposable to dismiss, but whether or not you have a choice in what action you make is still up for grabs. Although it is very difficult to indisputably prove the case for Determinism, it is equally testing to argue free will. As I mentioned before, free will relies highly on the idea of responsibility. In order to deny free will, you must also deny responsibility, which is a very difficult thing for anyone to do. If we are truly ruled by causal law, than how could any event of occurred other wise, so in order to save moral responsibility, we must either disprove or reinterpret these causal laws. Most people consider free will as being able to make choices and find alternatives that have not already been determined. The Incompatibilist or liberalist believes that ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 4. Free-Will Vs Determinism Imagine that there is clear reasoning behind every event in each and everyone of our lives that we cannot control nor manipulate in any way. This is where the argument of "free will vs. determinism" comes into play. The concept of determinism states that outside factors affect our decisions and "free will" and "motivation" are just illusions that conceal the true beliefs towards human behavior (McLeod, 2013). This concept has a lot of support and most behaviorists argue against free will. To put it simply "free will" is the idea that most of our decisions come from within our minds and we are able to change our behaviors (McLeod, 2013). The argument between free will and determinism has scientific evidence for each creating a good amount of... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Carl Hoefer, the author of "Causal Determinism" in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, states that the universal definition of determinism is "The world is governed by (or is under the sway of) determinism if and only if, given a specified way things are at a time t, the way things go thereafter is fixed as a matter of natural law." (Hoefer, 2016) This definition is based on the concept that everything in the world can be explained and has a reason for existing at a certain time or place (Hoefer, 2016). Thomas Hobbes, one of the most renowned english philosophers who lived from 1588 to 1679, who many believe stated the most universal definition of free will as "A free agent is he that can do as he will, and forbear as he will, and that liberty is the absence of external impediments." (Timpe, 2013) Kevin Timpe interpreted this definition as the ability to select a course of action being that the individual is free and not being restricted by an external force (Chains, Walls, Bars, etc)(Timpe, 2013). There are so many variants of these definitions and are always subject to change and ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 5. The Pros And Cons Of Determinism No human can survive without water due to the fact that without water, a person will die from dehydration, but how do humans know we will die without water? Simple– there have been several incidences in the past of people dying from a lack of water. As a result, humans drink water so they do not die. In the study of metaphysics, determinism is a view of freedom and moral responsibility which explains that a person's actions are determined from previous events, and humans do not have free will. A common phrase people use is "you learn from your mistakes", which makes perfect sense. A mistake was made in the past, and it is not made in the future given similar circumstances. Aileen Wuornos is a real life example of somebody who had a horrifying past, and as a result, acted violently. Aileen is an... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Metaphysics also poses two more views on freedom and moral responsibility: libertarianism and compatibilism. Libertarianism explains that previous events do not determine a person's actions, and that all humans have free will. Compatibilism is a mix of libertarianism and determinism, stating that humans are determined by previous events, but have free will. Ultimately, determinism is the view that is the most logical because many people can relate to it due to their previous experiences. To begin, people who are not determinists will argue that people do have free will. A common criticism for determinism involves thehuman consciousness: "Consciousness is not a material thing, even if it is dependent on the physical brain, and thus is not bound by the laws of physics." (Eric Wayne). Due to the fact that an individual's thoughts cannot be observed with the five senses, then the consciousness of every individual is different. To ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 6. Free-Will Vs Determinism In part five of the textbook, Philosophy: The Quest For the Truth, the concept of freedom of the will and determinism is discussed in great lengths. The argument of free will and determinism between psychologists and philosophers has existed for centuries. People who are determined assume that outside, as well as internal forces, determine behavior. In addition to this they understand that although this is true in their eyes, people are free to choose their own behavior. According to the textbook, Philosophers assume that people seem to acceptdeterminism, which is defined as being, "the view that events are determined or necessitated by preceding physical causes and the laws of nature (394)". This being valid brings up many questions that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This is described as that both determinism and free will are compatible and can both be true. Traditional compatibilism makes it clear that an action is free if it is caused by your own choices and if it is not constrained by anything. This states that even if desires were determined by forces beyond control, an individual's will may be determined by preceding events and the laws of nature. However, if you are able to do what you will, you are acting freely. The solution is that free will is reconciled with determinism. In spite of this, Incompatibilist believe that if only our will is determined, then determinism is true. Correspondingly, they maintain that being able to act on your desires without constraints is not real freedom, because the desires they have are already ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 7. Moral Determinism Essay The Moral Implications of Determinism Determinism contains an entire set of parameters for how the universe operates. If true, determinism would seem to have all sorts of implications for rational actors and how we live our lives. A number of authors have written on these implications that determinism would have for causality,free will, and morality. However, I will argue that even the strictest reading of determinism, via causality and free will, does not have the implications for morality that many think it would. Specifically, these implications are generally thought to mean that our concept of moral responsibility would be in jeopardy–I will show why this is not the case. I will start by examining determinism and authors who have written ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Indeed, predeterminism seems quite incompatible with what we naturally conceive of as "free will." However, Harry Frankfurt argues for a better understanding of our 'free will' sense of accountability; Frankfurt argues that a person, Jones, is unknowingly implanted with a device in his brain that will activate and force him to perform a certain immoral action against his will. However, the device will only activate if Joes does not already intend to (and does) perform the immoral act by his own agency. If Jones commits the immoral act, and the device does not activate, it might as well have never been implanted inside him. Yet, we would still hold Jones morally responsible in this situation, even if he was unable to choose to do otherwise. Thus, Frankfurt's solution to our concept of moral responsibility is that one should be exempt from the responsibility of an act if he or she performed the action only because he or she could not have done otherwise; I will return to this idea ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 8. Determinism And Free-Will In this essay I will be addressing whether or not human beings are morally responsible for their actions. For one to be morally responsible for his/her action they must take into account that the decision being made was from their own free–will. Leading us now to whether human beings have free will or is it determined. If we were to say determinism is true, then no individual should be praised or punished for their actions due to the fact it was not based on their own free action. If free–will applies, he/she who commits an act practicing their own free–will deserves to be praised or punished for such an act. It could be argued that due to determinism people are not morally responsible for their actions, however this would be ridiculous. It ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... An example of an external force could be parents supporting a type of behaviour thereby encouraging it. On the other hand an internal force would be driven by hormones. Free–will believers assume that things are a bit difficult. They acknowledge that there is internal and external factors, but yet they still believe that humans are free to choose their own behaviour. Stace theorizes the idea of compatibility or soft determinism. He argues that free–will exists but to an extent which is known as soft determinism. Stace defines free act as "free acts are all caused by desire, motives, or by some sort of psychological state of the agent's mind". Unfree acts on the other hand are "those whose immediate causes are states of affairs external to the agent". Soft determinism is the view that determinism and free–will are compatible. It is a form of compatibilism. Soft determinism consists of two main claims: 1. Determinism is true. Every human action or event, was causally determined. For example, if you drank coffee instead of tea last night, you could not have chosen otherwise given your exact ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 9. Determinism Vs Libertarianism The controversial metaphysical debate of free will in philosophy revolves around the blatant discordancy between casual determinism and society's perception of free will. In Philosophy by Manuel Velasquez, he describes this debate as "a controversy that still rages in our society" (p. 202). The three foremost theories that are used in this deliberation are hard determinism, libertarianism, and compatibilism. Philosophers defend and believe in each one of these theories based upon their individual characteristics. The claim that a set of laws govern the universe and that all events have a purpose is known as the casual determinism theory (p. 204). Casual determinism presents the idea that it is plausible that all future events are predictable and "that there is only one path leading from the past" to the future (p. 204). The belief in this theory conceives the possibility that everything can be explained with reasoning based upon the laws of the universe. This concept would ease an individual's concern of the future with a sense of security by knowing that the uncertainties of life's events are foreseeable. An example would be knowing that an individual's car will break down on the highway during morning traffic or when a tree is going to fall on the roof of the house during a thunderstorm. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... 204). It argues that casual determinism and free will cannot coexist, and that casual determinism is the only viable explanation for human actions (p. 204). This theory would eliminate the various stressors of life today because responsibility for one's actions would no longer be needed. An individual could commit a crime and then claim that they did not have a choice because it was predetermined. If this were true then punishment should not exist and "the saint should be no more praised than the criminal should be [imprisoned]" ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 10. Determinism Vs Compatibilism Philosophers through history, especially those of late have debated over the matter of free will. The argument of humans being free is contradicted by a notion of a pre–determined fate, one that helps to conceive the notion of an omnipotent god. The three major groups of thought on this issue determinists, libertarians and compatibilists all have varying views of free will, while compatibilism is a combination of beliefs of the other two groups. A compatibilist would reject any notion that physical determinism impedes free will, as an event may be determined but done voluntarily. Compatibilists share views with both determinists and libertarians in regards to the freedom and determinism questions. Compatibilists are also called soft determinists, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... In his arguments for compatibilism Ayer suggest that free will be contradicted with constraint to show that an action can be determined, while also being unconstrained and hence free. A specific example of a determined yet unconstrained action is when an action is determined, such as ordering a pizza. It was determined that a person would order the pizza, however if it is a voluntary action it is believed to be unconstrained and free. Also in aiding the argument of compatibility against the given argument it is said that "we lack free will unless we would have done otherwise", Ayer argues that a person could do otherwise if they please, but that it may be determined that "they want to act as they ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 11. Determinism Vs Free Will Throughout society, one would be hard pressed to find an individual that did not believe in the concept of freedom. Free will has become a value so ingrained in civilization that most trust in it implicitly without question and the idea of being free is often romanticized in literature, politics, religion, and media...However, there is a juxtaposing viewpoint that is also widely recognized. Determinism is generally accepted as the opposite of free will in that individuals are not free agents in their own life and decisions and behavior is already planned out for them. Two paths that generally cannot mutually exist in the world; which one is right? Upon examining the research, the vote seems to fall in favor of free will. Free will is defined... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... 5). Essentially, if determinism exists, humans have no freedom of choice in their life and all actions of behavior are already decided for them and can be predicted. For example, in the case of determinism, it could be said that a child born into a family of violent parents will undoubtedly grow up to be violent as well due to observation and genetics (McLeod, 2013). However, this argument falls short because while it may be true that a child with abusive or violent parents is much more likely to grow up and act in the same manner for hereditary or child rearing reasons, that child still has the option to choose not to travel down the path and seek help. Eric Fromm, a noted Neo–Freudian, states that all of us have the potential to control our own lives but that many of us are too afraid to do so [and] as a result we give up our freedom and allow our lives to be governed by circumstance, other people, political ideology or irrational feelings (McLeod, 2013, para. 21) Nevertheless, just because someone stays in their same situation and allows themselves to fall prey to circumstance, does not mean that determinism is readily inescapable since the choice to make a change in one's life is still there even if the choice is to not act (McLeod, 2013). ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 12. Free Will Vs. Determinism For centuries, there have been questions regarding free will and determinism. Free will is a human value that has inspired many individuals throughout history. These concepts of free will and determinism have inspired many poets, spiritualist, philosophers, and activist. There have been numerous philosophers who believe free will is a part of our human nature, and are continually questioning the concept of free will, constantly attempting to understand its ' true meaning. In contrast to free will, there is determinism, which seems to bring many conflicts when regarding free will. The human behavior of free will has the tendency to be caused by the people who have engaged in their actions. Usually, people have control of their actions, or feel that we do. Typically, as humans, we are free to make our own choices. This freedom can be defined as having free will. On the other hand, the concept behind determinism is that all events are determined due to prior or previous existing causes. In turn, it makes the concept of, "free will" impossible. A question in Philosophy Now magazine sparked up a great debate: Are the concepts of determinism when applied to the brain sciences logically compatible with free will? (Free Will). The extent as to the relationship between free will and determinism is extremely difficult to answer. It is virtually impossible to understand the compatibility between the two concepts. For one to understand these concepts, an individual would have to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 13. Free-Will Vs Determinism According to Greene and Cohen's article, the problem of free will pertains to the conflicting definitions of free will and determinism. Free will can be defined as the freedom to decide one's next state; having free will means that one's choices do not depend on past events. Oppositely, determinism states that every condition in the present depends on past events and all conditions are entirely based on physical laws. Determinism thus claims that there is only one predetermined way a given agent will act. Based on the definitions of free will and determinism, it appears that free will and determinism cannot both be right. If one's choices are independent of past events, then physical laws and previous conditions do not determine those choices. If the opposite is true, then free will cannot exist. For most people, aspects of both free will and determinism seem correct even though it cannot be so. This is the problem of free will. To explain... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Evidence of the existence of the two systems comes from the studies of patients with autism spectrum disorder, who are highly proficient at solving problems about how physical objects work but cannot effectively utilize the second system to determine how living beings might behave. Greene and Cohen uses Heider and Simmel's experiment with the film of three moving geometric shapes to support the claim that people use "folk psychology" to attribute a purpose to the shapes and to perceive their actions in a social context. Furthermore, the example of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 14. Determinism, Soft Determinism And Libertarianism Determinism supporters claim that all consequences are inevitable since conditions are met and nothing else would occur by any chances. And determinism could influence and controlling everything in the universe with causal laws. According to determinism, we could make predictions about the occurrences of certain events or actions of human beings. There three types of determinism that I will discuss in the following, the Hard determinism, Soft determinism and Libertarianism. Hard determinism claims all the actions of human beings or consequences of events are determined by external conditions, with such conditions satisfied there will be no choice of the results available any time. Spinoza, the philosopher who stood for Hard determinism was convinced that no free wills were available for anything in the universe. Those "Free will" existed in people's mind were built on illusions, since they had ignored the actual causes to them. The hard determinism could apply to everything we neither might encountered in the past nor in present time. But I think the laws were found or formed by ourselves since the evolutions of the human societies in thousands years, it 's not correct to say that no choices are ever made by ourselves. And the key point is that most of the causal laws were found through scientific methods, but sciences has enhanced our power on predicting and even changing the progress that will result in a different end by discovering more causal laws as time passes. Soft ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 15. Determinism Between Free Will And Determinism Essay Determinism relates directly to The Fountain in Tommy's journey as he changes through the guidance of Izzi's from fearing and fighting death, to acceptance and grace in its inevitability. This journey is central to the film as the lighting–dark to light–, colours –black to white– and shapes –triangles to rectangles to circles– all symbolically represent this movement from fear, denial and blindness to enlightenment, acceptance and grace. It is in the climax of this journey that the conflict between free will and determinism is addressed as through Izzi's book, a manifestation of her feelings (the queen is under attack as she is battling cancer while Tommy her conquistador attempts to save her from death), Tommy is allowed one more chance at self–examination and reflection. Through the insertion of himself into Izzi's book he does this exactly, seeing the consequences of Tomas' actions as they parallel his own. It is in the belief that the conquistador is acting freely that Tommy can ascribe moral responsibility to his actions; if Tommy accepted determinism as true the conquistador would be absolved of all moral agency, his action already determined through causality. In doing so Tommy recognizes that acting selfishly will only leave him unfulfilled; the idea of free will is most explicitly affirmed as Tommy revisits the past with this understanding, acknowledging he deprived his wife of his time in the valuable last moments of her life. Instead of pursuing the incessant ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 16. Free-Will Vs Determinism Everything happens for a reason. This is a belief accepted by many humans all over the world and is the basis behind decision–making. However, many humans also believe that actions in life are pre–determined by causes external from the will, this belief is the idea behind determinism. Philosopher David Hume believes that both free will and determinism can co–exist even though the two concepts seem to contradict each other. I believe that Hume is correct to believe that free will and determinism can co–exist because determinism explains the outcome of a humans actions and free will explains the motives behind a humans actions. Hume argues that experience is the origin of all ideas, even outlandish ones. For example, a unicorn comes from the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Hume brings the idea of God into play as he comes to two possible objections relating to God. The first objection is the idea that God, being an infinite being, is the author of all actions and would not allow for evil actions to exist therefore all actions are good and humans just cannot see the bigger picture that God has painted. The second objection is that if everything in the universe is as it should be and these evil things are meant to occur then we are in a way placing blame on God and stripping him of his infinite power. Ultimately, Hume states that one cannot possibly figure out the ways in which God works using simple philosophy and deems both of these objections pointless because they would only lead to more uncertainty and error. Hume strengthens his arguments by stating that the way humans and animals understand cause and effect is exactly the same. Humans don't do any kind of special reasoning or logic to conclude why something happens, we trick ourselves in to believing we do, in reality humans and animals alike learn the relation between cause and effect through experience. Here Hume gives the ability for a human to understand cause and effect a more instinctual characteristic than what the common human is accustomed ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 17. Will Vs Determinism Free Will Vs. Determinism I. Determinism Before one can properly evaluate the entire debate that enshrouds the Free Will/Determinism, each term must have a meaning, but before we explore the meaning of each term, we must give a general definition. Determinism is, "Everything that happens is caused to happen. (Clifford Williams. "Free Will and Determinism: A Dialogue" pg 3). This is the position that Daniel, a character in Williams' dialogue, chooses to believe and defend. David Hume goes a little deeper and explains in his essay, "An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding of Liberty and Necessity," that determinism is this: "It is universally allowed, that matter, in all its operations, is actuated by a necessary force, and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Daniel's response was to clear up where the reasonable bounds of induction truly exist. If one were to drop one hundred objects of all shapes, sizes, and weights, and found that they all fell to the ground, then it would be safe to induce that all objects will fall to the ground. Accordingly, science has "dropped" thousands of events, and found that they all had causes. So, according to Daniel, it is not only sane to assume, but actually should be inferred that all things are caused. The only response to this is that we still have not seen enough to make an accurate inference. Though there seems to be a lot of evidence in favor of determinism, there is one field that remains an anomaly in science. Almost every area of science is based on cause and effect, order, and a structured protocol of operation, but the Quantum Mechanics is different. All matter is made up of atoms, and all atoms are made up of electrons, neutrons, and protons. These in turn are made up of quarks. The movement of quarks, and the emission of photons as electrons skip shells seem to be totally random. If this is true, then what are the implications on the free will/determinism debate? It may seem like an obscure point, but if you look at the definition of determinism, it says that all things are caused, and if there is one single uncaused event, then determinism must be false. So if you find one random event, then determinism is nothing more than a myth, but, in light of this ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 18. Free-Will Vs Determinism The notion of free will has received a lot of attention in philosophy. Before we can examine it, however, we must understand some basic terminology. Determinism, when simply put, is the idea that everything including thoughts, decisions, and actions are predetermined before it even happens. Everything was determined to happen up to what kind of toast you ate for breakfast. There is no choice, randomness, and free will does not exist. Indeterminism is the opposite of determinism. It is a theory that one event does not necessarily cause another event to happen, and that if you were to put the universe into rewind and play it over again, it would have a different outcome each time. Compatibilism or soft determinism, agrees that determinism... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Determinism and free–will can not be associated with each other, because determinism is the belief that everything happens for a reason and free–will is the idea that you have control over actions without influece or persuasions of any sort. If determinism is true, your past has influence over the decisions that you make in the present and future, therefore, determinism and free–will are not compatible. "Every event has a cause; every cause is also an event; human behavior is an event; thus, all human behavior is a cause; if an event is caused, it is not free; thus, no human behavior is free, and free will does not exist" (Blatchford, 1998). This claim makes no sense since the fact that it presents that as if everything started from an initial major event. However, this event can not be the initial and first one, since it also claims that every event has a cause, following this logic the first event definitely does not exist and the chain of causes and events are ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 19. Free Will and Determinism The problem of free will and determinism is a mystery about what human beings are able to do. The best way to describe it is to think of the alternatives taken into consideration when someone is deciding what to do, as being parts of various "alternative features" (Van–Inwagen). Robert Kane argues for a new version of libertarianism with an indeterminist element. He believes that deeper freedom is not an illusion. Derk Pereboom takes an agnostic approach about causal determinism and sees himself as a hard incompatibilist. I will argue against Kane and for Pereboom, because I believe that Kane struggles to present an argument that is compatible with the latest scientific views of the world. Robert Kane begins by explaining that there are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... If described from a physical perspective, free will looks like chance. However, the indeterministic chaotic process is also, experientially, the agent's effort of will – something the agent is doing. The agent's choice is something that the agent does and not something that happens to the agent. Therefore, the choice reflects the agent's effort, even though the outcome is not yet determined. Kane ends his argument by saying that these reflections naturally raise further questions about whether the indeterminism required by an incompatibilist theory of free will is actually there in the brain and that every undetermined, self–forming, free choice is the initiation of what might be called a "value experiment" whose justification lies in the future and is not fully explained by past reasons. Derk Pereboom's position is an agnostic approach about causal determinism. He contends that if causal determinism were true, we do not have the sort of free will required for moral responsibility. As a hard compatibilist, he believes that life without this kind of free will need not preclude a sense of meaning based on morality, and, in some respects, it could even be support it. When arguing against compatibilism, Pereboom first defines compatibilism as free will of the type required for moral responsibility. He says that it is compatible with determinism and that compatibilists will say that we do in fact have this sort of free will. He then defines a libertarianist as someone ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 20. Determinism Vs. Free Will Olivia Vogel Introduction to philosophy Jones Determinism vs. Free will The belief that all events have causes and if there ever is an equivalent origin, the same outcome will occur is called determinism. Almost meaning that every event is certain and that there really isn't such thing as "free will". We have the debut of free will, it is an unmitigated appearance that simply holds that there is a case about anything that happens in the near future, nevertheless how it comes about. Which leads to the question, do we have free will? Or are our actions governed? Well if you look at free will it is the concept that you believe that it is ultimately your choice and even if you were given alternative choices you could have chosen differently. Free will is a botheration by cause and reason, which leads to libertarianism – whatever free action is, it involves reason and causes. Do I buy I new pair of shoes for no reason or do I act upon it due to a preceding idea? We can't talk about free will when there is a reason why we do the acts behind it. Things and choices impose our other choices, so are we really free? It is really hard to choose which theory I favor more, like being stuck between a rock and a hard place. Part of me believes that it is hard to see if the case of the earth, chiliad of years ago, fixes everything I experience throughout my life. I somewhat believe that I am an independent agent and the writer of my own ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 21. Free-Will Vs Determinism Free will and determinism are two distinct philosophies regarding human character that some philosophers believe to be compatible, while other philosophers do not. Determinism suggests that every action and decision is predictable and foreseeable while free will affords these decisions as random acts and selectable by our will and desire to choose to decide which path to take. In this paper, I will argue that free will is not compatible with determinism. EXPOSITION Determinism is the modern term derived from Democritus' ancient idea that "causal deterministic laws control the motion of atoms" ("Determinism"). Since everything in the universe consists of atoms, including people, then according to this law, this theory of deterministic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Some have written that "the reason our behavior is unpredictable from the outside is that we have ultimate freedom of choice" ("Determinism"). Free will could be described as having "voluntary and non–voluntary" acts and tendencies and what distinguishes the two refers to self–consciousness. Is this a decision or act based on self–awareness and consciousness? We may choose to act on a decision, or we may choose not to act. That is our self–conscious and our free will of decision–making. The mere act of consciously making a decision defines our moral freedom and free will. Henry Sidgewick made a valid case on consciousness when he said, "Certainly, in the case of actions in which I have a distinct consciousness of choosing between alternatives of conduct, one of which I conceive as right or reasonable, I find it impossible not to think that I can now choose to do what I so conceive, however strong may be my inclination to act unreasonably, and however uniformly I may have yielded to such inclinations in the past" ("Determinism"). Because we have the ability to actively choose a path or decision based on our conscious thoughts attests to the ability to choose based on free will and not because we are destined to choose that ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 22. Hard Determinism And Compatibilism The concept of free will has been a point of contention among philosophers who study metaphysics. Regarding this concept of free will, three theories have arisen: hard determinism, libertarianism, and compatibilism. Hard determinism states that all human actions have been predetermined, whereas libertarians state that all human actions are free, and compatibilism states that some human actions are free, though they are all casually determined (Stewart et al., 2013, p. 154). Each of these three theories have a different definition of freedom, where hard determinism and libertarianism define freedom as that the person was not casually determined and could have chosen the alternative to his action, and compatibilists define freedom as a person's ability to perform action through his desires, feelings, and emotions (Stewart et al., 2013, p. 154). Perhaps one of the greatest arguments for libertarianism involves the theory of causality. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... If no other event caused the person to perform the action he did, then the person was the cause of the action. Furthermore, if the choice was not predetermined and the person is the source of his choices, then they person is fully responsible for his choices (Stewart et al., 2013). Because the person participated in the action "the person has become the cause of the choice in a very strong sense, for the choice is alleged to flow directly from the person and not merely from some psychological events or states within the person" (Stewart et al., 2013, 158). People often speak as though they make free choices. For example, people say, "I chose to do this." Because the person is the source of their actions gives them moral responsibility for whatever they choose to ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 23. Determinism Vs Free Will Even with all of the technology and knowledge have available to us today, we are still unable to answer certain questions that have puzzled human beings for centuries. Determinism versus free–will is one of the great questions that, at this point in time, cannot be proved or disproved. There is much discussion regarding the issue of free–will versus determinism, and both present very important supplemental questions that both positions must face. Although a definitive answer cannot be given or proved yet, many disciplines make their own attempt to provide factual or subjective information to support both sides. Experts in philosophy, physics, psychology, theology, etc. all attempt to answer this universal question, whether it is through... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... It has been questioned as to whether time is a fourth dimension of our universe that we simply do not have the ability to see. Much like the sphere explained to the square in Abbott's "Flatland," seeing something in a specific dimension automatically implies the next dimension exists. When the square was able to see other citizens of Flatland, it implied that they had a miniscule amount of height into Space land, or else they would not be visible. (Abbott) Scientists have attempted to prove that we live in a three dimensional world, where we see two dimensionally, but in which a fourth dimension is present. If time is that fourth dimension and we were able to determine a way to move linearly through time (i.e. time travel), it would lend to the idea that free–will does not exist because, much like God being omniscient, if the future already exists we have no ability to make our own choices. The future is already set and our paths through life predetermined. Einstein discovered the idea of relativity of space and time in which he called space–time. In short, scientists believed that if light traveled away from the earth as the earth was rotating, it would cause the speed of light to increase, and if light traveled towards the earth as it was rotating, the speed of light would decrease. They discovered that the speed of light remained the same. (Mastin) Einstein determined, through E=MC^2, that if the speed of light remains constant then the speed of time must change. This was later tested and proved by placing multiple atomic clocks on the ground and some in a jet airplane. The aircraft was then flown around the world, and when it returned the times of the clocks that remained in the same place differed from the times on the clocks that flew in the jet. Thus proving that time, at least as we know it, is relative to motion. (Hafele) If this idea was ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 24. Compatibilism Response To Determinism The philosophy of determinism states that everything humans do are determined by the previous action and the causal law of nature. Determinism believes that humans are no control over their action, therefore there is no free will, and nobody is responsible for their action. There are several responses to the philosophy of determinism including libertarianism, compatibilism, and fatalist Libertarianism is one of response to determinism. Libertarianism completely opposes the idea of Determinism. Libertarianism argues that determinism is wrong. Humans are free from anything, and they have the right to choose; however, they are responsible for their decision. Humans are special creature because they have free will. We humans are free from anything and our choice and our decision is based on our interest and nothing forces us to do something. Every human is responsible for their action. Libertarianism believes that if humans are free and responsible, then there is a free will; therefore, the philosophy of determinism is completely false. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Compatibilism believes in both free will and partial idea of determinism. compatibilism claim that even though everything is determined, however humans have free will in determined life. Both determinism and compatibilism agree with the idea of everything is predetermined, but they disagree on the idea of free will. Determinism believe that there is no free will and Everything is determined while compatibilism no indeed there is free will in determined life, and humans are completely free and responsible of their actions. Compatibilism conclude their argument by our desire and goal are already determined by previous event and casual low of nature, but humans are free and responsible for their ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 25. Determinism Vs Libertarianism Akash Shankar Richard Pulling 7–23–2015 Philosophy Are You Free The concept of determinism, compatibilism and libertarianism is truly trying to explain if we are free and if so how much. Some of us believe that we are the masters of our fate, our soul while others believe our destiny is predetermined and that we are bound to a certain set goal in life. The concepts of determinism, compatibilism and libertarianism try to help aid in that discussion and help enlighten us on what we believe is the correct ideology. It is therefore extremely important to define what each of these three concepts mean before comparing and contrasting the various arguments that each present. First off is determinism, this is a view that every event, including human... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... For example the deterministic view has one major weak side that is clearly seen in the Loeb and Leopold case. Richard Loeb and Nathan Leopold were two young men who had privileged families and attended the best schools. However they murdered a fourteen year old boy to experience the thrill of killing someone. The public wanted the death penalty to be handed down but attorney Clarence Darrow fought and won a life imprisonment verdict (Chaffee 177).The attorney employed a hard determinist argument to show the judge that his clients were victims of circumstance and they were beyond their own control. He even says in the trial that nature is strong and she is pitiless. She works in her own mysterious way, and we are her victims (Chaffee 177). His argument obviously worked as the two young men were not sentenced to death. This one case in my opinion shows how determinism does not make sense to me. I absolutely believe that the environment and the way were brought up has an effect on how we act on the decisions we make. But at the end of the day I also believe that we should be fully help responsible for the actions that we make. These two young men in my opinion should have been punished to the full degree. The deterministic argument puts too much emphasis on the environment and other factors instead of one's self in my opinion. I could be taught and raised to steal my entire life, yes I may have been ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 26. Determinism, Compatibility, And Incompatibility This week in lecture we were introduced with the problem of Free Will. To dig deeper into the problem of Free Will we went through these four concepts: Determinism, Indeterminism, Compatibility, and Incompatibility. Determinism is defined as "the doctrine that all event, including human actions, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will. Some philosophers have taken determinism to imply the individual human beings have no free will and cannot be morally responsible for their actions" (Google definitions). In philosophers perspective there is no randomness in life, every action is predetermined, this is idea is expanded by the example that if you were on a path and there were multiple paths to continue on in reality only one ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 27. Environmental Determinism and Biological Determinism Environmental Determinism and Biological Determinism can set restrictions on a person's behavior. Environmental Determinism is the view that the environment can have a great impact on a person's behavior. Environmental Determinism is known as the name Climatic Determinism or the name Geographical Determinism. Biological Determinism is the view that a person's genetic material can set limits on a person's behavior. Environmental Determinism and Biological Determinism are different because they limit a person's behavior in different ways and are similar because they have similar effects on different societies. First of all, Environmental Determinism effects on behavior based on the environment. A large amount of tropical countries is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Racist beliefs related to moral and intellectual characteristics still persist. The belief that one's race is superior to many other races still exists to this day. This is how Biological Determinism affects based on a person's genetic material. Third, Environmental Determinism and Biological Determinism are similar because everyone is affected by Environmental Determinism and Biological Determinism. Environments affect the survival and growth of a person. Different environments affect a person's culture and decision making. Environmental factors have a strong impact on a person. Agene is a "unit of hereditary information that occupies a fixed position on a Chromosome"(Encyclopedia Britannica). A Chromosome is a "Threadlike part of the cell that carries hereditary information in the form of Genes"(Encyclopedia Britannica). "A defining feature of any chromosome is its compactness. For instance, the 46 chromosomes found in human cells have a combined length of 200 nm (1 nm = 10в€’ 9 metre); if the chromosomes were to be unraveled, the genetic material they contain would measure roughly 2 metres (about 6.5 feet) in length (Encyclopedia Britannica)."Human beings rely on genetic material. People pass on genetic traits to offspring. Phenotype is the interaction between Biology and the environment. Environmental Determinism and Biological Determinism are similar in many ways. Biological Determinism and Environmental Determinism has existing conditions that ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 28. Free-Will And Determinism Free Will and Determinism– is it an Illusion? Determinism, libertarianism and compatibilism are three significantly different views on where unaccountability might stop and where free will and moral responsibility begin. Determinism is the strict opinion that every action and decision is the cause of an event, genetics or the environment prior to that action. Quite the opposite is libertarianism, which happens to be the genuine belief in free will as well as the denial of universal causation. Finally, deep self–compatibilism meshes both of these stand points together and introduces the idea that one's action can be free if it stems purely out of personal, authentic desire. Since all three judgments have a backbone of convincing... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Second, Silenus would agree that if something is caused it can never be free. Silenus is very high on himself as he rarely ever takes Hench's threats seriously because he is intelligent enough to understand that Hench feels responsible for anything that he does. This is partially because Silenus is constantly reminding him that he isn't responsible for how his mind works and thus can never be held accountable for any action that may blossem from his desires. Third, since Silenus concludes that he is not responsible for what he is, free will and moral responsibility must cease to exist in his case. "Don't be silly Hench. Only human beings are responsible. I am what I am," (Satyr, 218). The Satyr considers himself to be above human responsibility based on both his pre–determined genetic information, and also his environment when he's reduced to cleaning his creator's lab. To add, all–human acquaintances Silenus has had the displeasure of meeting label him as an untrustworthy beast. By soaking up human behavior like a sponge, Silenus discovers that people can be extremely selfish, so he decides it is ok to mock this behavior in a very direct manner. Therefore, Silenus the Satyr and his determinist view that there are reasons behind every action have even Hench convinced that he is in fact liable for all negative outcomes that Silenus may initiate. In the beginning of the story, Hench is ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 29. Free Will Vs. Determinism Free Will vs. Determinism What determines and influences human behavior? Humans have been looking the answer for this question during several eras, thus they developed various theories attempting to explain human behavior. Determinism is the belief that one event is the consequence of a previous action, similar to a chain. According to some philosophers who support determinism, the will of an agent follows physical laws, and every action is explicable and predictable by physical conditions. By this means, an agent is not able to control his actions, but his actions are determined physically. Free will, on the other hand, is the belief of freedom of choice, and hence decisions are self–controlled. Future cannot be predicted since human behavior tends to be unstable. From these extremely different positions, compatibilism emerged as the idea that determinism and free will exist in a compatible manner, which is the most accepted theory. In this way, there is a connection between an agent's will and actions. It argues people's behavior is determined, but they are able to choose freely according to their desires. Another hypothesis to explain human behavior is the idea that neither free will nor determinism exits, but everything is random. This theory of incopatibilism states events are unpredictable and uncertain, nevertheless, it tends to confuse causation with compulsion, which is why it is not the most acceptable argument to explain human behavior. Annotated Bibliography ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 30. Determinism In Groundhog Day Free Will, Determinism, and Compatibilism in Groundhog Day As all philosophical theories show controversial view points, the same is true for the concept of free will and determinism. Some people believe free will may be true, whereas others believe in determinism. However, some people believe it could be possible for life to include both free will and determinism, which is called compatibilism. Free will is the philosophical idea that all choices in life are ultimately free. Determinism is the idea that every event has a cause, including human thinking and acting. Compatibilism is the idea that acting freely results from past experiences and desires. Provided that different situations throughout life prove probable evidence for both free ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Free will and determinism are compatible because a person acts freely according to desires determined by their past history (Rachels 116). Freedom requires determinism in that, "free does not mean uncaused. Rather, it means something like uncoerced" (Rachels 117). This type of freedom may better be looked at as control. Some actions are beyond a persons control, such as sneezing. A person cannot be blamed for sneezing, but they can be blamed if they do not cover their face when sneezing. This is a freedom of control, based on the determined fact that a person cannot stop a sneeze. In essence, "because free will is typically taken to be a necessary condition of moral responsibility, compatibilism is sometimes expressed as a thesis about the compatibility between moral responsibility and determinism" (McKenna). Compatibilism fits perfectly within the Groundhog Day storyline. As Phil knows what actions are determined upon that day, he also makes some choices dependent upon his desires. His number one desire is to get out of the loop and to do so he knows he has to make the choice to become an all–around better person. As Rachels says, "We are as free as a feather tossed in the wind. We are subject to prior cause and controlled by the laws of physics" (117). In other words, people do possess some freedom, but not in a form of complete chaos. There are factors that influence a persons ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 31. Determinism And Its Effects On Society Determinism claims that all events are inevitable to have certain results at the end, since conditions are met and nothing else would occur. And it could apply to everything in the universe with causal laws. With the discovering laws, we could make predictions. Over the years, there are more than one determinism been developed over time. Hard determinism claims all the actions of human beings or consequences of events are determined by external conditions, with such conditions satisfied there will be no choice of the results available any time. Spinoza, the philosopher who stood for Hard determinism was convinced that no free wills were available for anything in the universe. Those "Free will" existed in people's mind were built on illusions, since they had ignored the actual causes for them. The hard determinism could apply to everything we neither might encounter in the past nor in present time. But I think the laws were found or formed by ourselves since the revolutions of the human societies in thousands of years, it 's not correct to say that no choices are ever made by ourselves. And the key point is that most of the causal laws were found through scientific methods, but sciences have enhanced our power on predicting and even changing the progress that will result in a different end by discovering more causal laws as time passes. Soft determinism is a philosophical theory that opposite to Hard determinism's conclusion that people are not accountable even for their ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 32. Essay on Determinism and Free will Determinism and Free will Suppose that every event or action has a sufficient cause, which brings that event about. Today, in our scientific age, this sounds like a reasonable assumption. After all, can you imagine someone seriously claiming that when it rains, or when a plane crashes, or when a business succeeds, there might be no cause for it? Surely, human behavior is caused. It doesn't just happen for no reason at all. The types of human behavior for which people are held morally accountable are usually said to be caused by the people who engaged in that behavior. People typically cause their own behavior by making choices; thus, this type of behavior might be thought to be caused by your own choice–makings. This freedom to make ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Our common practice of thinking of others and ourselves as accountable is simply not justified! There are those who think that our behavior is a result of free choice, but there are also others who believe we are servants of cosmic destiny, and that behavior is nothing but a reflex of heredity and environment. The position of determinism is that every event is the necessary outcome of a cause or set of causes, and everything is a consequence of external forces, and such forces produce all that happens. Therefore, according to this statement, man is not free. If we accept the determinist argument and assume human behavior as a consequence of external factors rather than of free choice, then we must realize that our explanation of human behavior leaves no room for morality. If people do not choose their actions, then they are not really responsible for them, and there is no need for praising or blaming them. If determinism were true, then there would be no basis for human effort, for why should a person make an effort if what he or she does doesn't make a difference? If what will be will be, then one has an excuse for doing nothing. Life would not be so meaningful for people on deterministic grounds. Human life, as we know it, would not make much sense without the concept of freedom. In our everyday lives, there are many times when we have to make decisions; what we ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 33. Hard Determinism Analysis An implication of free will is that man is nothing more than a puppet. Following the rules of determinism, humans will follow the same choices made on previous occasions, whether they are right or wrong.The main idea of determinism is that everything can be explained or that everything has a reason for being and being as it is and nothing else. Soft and hard determinism are two of the many different types of determinism that people believe in. Both types of determinism's share the same belief that everything is determined at a physical level. In other words, all events that occur within nature are determined by events that have already happened before it. Soft determinism believes that free will is compatible with determinism. They believe ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Hard determinism (aka incompatibilism) is the view that determinism is true and there is no such thing as free will. In Locke's analogy of the locked room, he describes a man asleep in a locked room. When the man wakes up, he decides to stay there. Although he believes he is using his free will to make this choice, he could not have done anything else but remain in the room. "He has not the freedom to be gone.". Baron Holbach is an 18th–century French philosopher that strongly believes that free will is an illusion. According to Holbach, humans have no choice in anything they because everything is already predetermined. Holbach also states that humans make choices based on their preferences. For example, if Amanda walked into a bakery store filled with various types of baked goods, it would appear that Amanda has the free will to choose any item she desires. Holbach would argue that Amanda has already made a choice in her mind before walking into the bakery due to chocolate chip cookies being her favorite snack. If determinism is true only one future is possible at any moment in time. What really happens is that our behavior and our lives are influenced by many factors that don't reach our ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 34. Mr Nobody Determinism Free will and determinism are major themes in Mr. Nobody. Both of these themes are shown through postmodern characteristics and techniques. Free will is the power of humans to make choices that are not determined by prior causes or by divine intervention. Determinism is a theory or doctrine that acts of the will , occurrences in nature, or social or psychological phenomena are causally determined by preceding events or natural laws. Free will is present in the film. This can be interpreted through the young Nemo when he tries to choose the best choice; stay with his father or go with his mother. Likewise, determinism is seen throughout the film. Determinism can be seen when Nemo can read the future. This shows how free will and determinism ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... A movement away from the apparent objectivity provided helps reveal the themes of free will and determinism. Apparent objectivity is a clear bias with no room for interpretation. With less use of apparent objectivity, there is more underlying bias opinion. Nemo is an omniscient narrator in the film because he has access to all future events that are to occur in the film. This can relate to free will and determinism for the following reasons. Since Nemo can predict the future he has the choice of choosing. This shows Nemo's character as one who cannot make a choice because of all the possible outcomes. This hinders his ability of free will because all possible outcomes are set in stone and there is nothing he can do to change it. As Nemo says, "As long as you don't choose, everything remains possible". What this quote could mean is that there is that the possibilities are endless and there is nothing someone can do to stop them from doing it. This relates well with the movement away from apparent objectivity because whatever choice someone makes, there is more interpretation with whatever choice they make. This is evident throughout the film when it shows different shots of Nemo in his alternate lives. It shows the different angles of his other lives by portraying that ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 35. Determinism, Hard And Soft Determinism: According to Sappington (1990) there are two types of determinism, hard and soft. He states that those who hold hard determinism say that human behavior is completely determined by outside factors and that ideas such a free will or moral responsibility are meaningless. Many famous psychologists take this approach such as Freud who believed that people's behavior is controlled by unconscious factors and any conscious reasons given are simply the brain rationalizing actions to the superego. Skinner argued against Freud and said that behavior is determined by their reinforcement histories. Although they argue on the finer points they both believe that conscious choice is irrelevant. The second kind of determinism that Sappington (1990) speaks of is soft determinism which is the belief that human behavior is determined, but this does not mean that free will is incompatible with it. This view is says that people make choices that affect their lives but these choices themselves are determined by other factors. According to Sappington (1990) Hobbes, Locke Hume, and Mill represent this position among with many other famous psychologists. The idea of soft determinism is not controversial in psychology today. (Sappington 1990) Is belief in free will or determinism mutually exclusive or can one hold both views? Philosophers have contrasted compatibilist and incompatibilist positions (Sappington 1990). Incompatibilists argue that people cannot believe both views, while ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 36. Ethical Consequences Of Determinism One way of approaching the possible social and ethical consequences of determinism, should it be definitively proven, is to analyze the behavior of devoutly religious individuals who believe God's will supersedes their own, compared with the behavior of individuals influenced by determinism who believe their own free will is nonexistent. Religion in itself shares several key characteristics with determinism, the main differentiating factor being forgiveness from a higher power. Without this guarantee of forgiveness, the social and ethical ramifications of a deterministic future that supersedes religious beliefs are significant. Furthermore, operating under the lens of Antonio Damasio's theory of the three layers of consciousness and self, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... However, if determinism has always been true what would that mean for how our world and society has formed? One could argue that if determinism was true, the world we live in today would be nothing like as we recognize it. According to Antonio Damasio, there are three layers to consciousness and the self: the proto self, the core self, and the autobiographical self (Damasio 15:53). The proto self and core self are important, but not entirely relevant to our discussion on determinism. The autobiogaphic self, however, is key. Damasio suggests that this autobiographical self is "built on the basis of past memories and memories of the plans that we have made," (16:26). Additionally, "the autobiographical self has prompted extended memory, reasoning [...] out of that came the instruments of culture [...] And it is within that culture that we really can get [...] something that is not entirely set by our biology" (Damasio 16:26). If Damasio's conclusions are accurate, then the autobiographical self is separate from our biology and not bound by the physical laws of determinism. If the autobiographical self is conscious, and with that consciousness came the ability to plan, take action, and create all the successful elements of our current world cultures – would they still exist in a determinist world without an autobiographical ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 37. Determinism And Free Will Determinists believe that everything that occurs in the world follows both from the laws of nature and also the prior state of the universe. As a result, they further believe that our actions are predetermined. Many philosophers believe this it offers a simple justification as to why people commit such actions and, even more broad, why history precedes in the way that it does. As an incompatibilist, I believe that determinism rules out the possibility of human freedom. Determinism relies on a cause and effect relationship between the current state and the past. it uses empirical notions that past action, or experience, combines with natural law to basically set out our actions. I cannot see how a philosophy that suggests this cause and effect ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Peter van Inwagen, a proponent of libertarianism, argues in his piece "Freedom of the Will" that freedom and a society dictated. Libertarians often rationalize that one must believe that humans have free will so that we as a society are able to hold people accountable for their actions. Yet, as a hard determinist, I would say that yes we do exist in a cause and effect world in which actions are predetermined; yet, we are the means of those actions. van Inwagen also rejects determinism because he believes in the possibility of one having multiple futures – which determinism does not allow for. Most importantly, he rejects determinism's central idea, the causality relationship, in favor of a world in which humans can choose their own paths. This idea of choice is not sound as actions that one has no control over before birth indirectly influence their decision making, rationalizing, and so forth. For instance, people born into households with lower incomes tend to go to lower performing schools. These lower performing schools impact their ideas about society, their role in society, and in a broader view, the world. The "choices" they make were already decided before they were even born from the socioeconomic conditions and genetic history since the beginning of time that had preceded the birth. Unknowingly, the person makes "choices," which are not really their own, based off of ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 38. Examples Of Soft Determinism People always say that nothing can stop you from achieving your dream and it shouldn't, however, the only one that can initiate the actions of the next steps in your life is you. The definition of Soft Determinism is that one, determinism is true and two, each person has a right to live the way they want as long as there is a Free Will. Soft Determinism is different as Determinism because Determinism is the exact opposite of free will. Determinism challenges the fact that there is no Free Will. In a way, it can be seen as freedom, freedom of being their own person. Soft Determinism has many perspectives about Free Will, however, it ties down to where in some situations where we are limited to our actions due to certain events such as life and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... Which can be seen a confusing because what makes it so different? Free Will are not as easily to define because in the point of view of determinism, there many different perspectives on them. In the view of soft determinism is that Free Will does exist only depending on how society and the environment has shaped one as a person. For instance, Free Will leads to moral responsibilities which limits the right to act freely and limits the right to do what he/she wants. There are multiple examples of Soft Determinism and an easier way to understand the Free Will. To break it down, if someone's stomach was growling the first thought would be buying a sandwich to eat during their lunch break, isn't that acting freely? Since your mind is telling you that you are hungry and that you are craving a sandwich. It is acting on your own desires and wants because you specifically wanted a sandwich instead of a slice of pizza or pasta. want to eat because you are hungry. You are making your own choice because you would not had felt hungry if your body did not react. In a way you can see it as it not being your choice because you cannot control the hungry in you but you can control what you consume, what you wear, and what you ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...
  • 39. Free-Will Vs Determinism In philosophy, there are two ideas called "Free will" and "Determinism." According to Google, Free will is "the power of acting without the constraint of necessity or fate; the ability to act at one's own discretion." This basically means that you decide what you do, how you act, and what you want to do in the future. On the other hand, also defined by Google, Determinism is "the doctrine that all events, including human action, are ultimately determined by causes external to the will. Some philosophers have taken determinism to imply that individual human beings have no free will and cannot be held morally responsible for their actions." Fundamentally, you do not have a choice in your actions as it was predetermined from your start. According to free will, you are morally responsible for your own actions. You have a choice to be a murderer and you have a choice to be a janitor. You have a choice to eat the fried rice or the Chinese authentic pizza. You decide whether want to stay in Oakland or live in Russia. You determine whether Donald Trump is good–hearted. You decide whether you want to buy the Nokia Lumia 365 or the Iphone 5s. Basically, you have freedom over your decisions. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ... This idea basically indicates that free will and determinism can occur together; both ideas are compatible with each other. I believe that reality is based off of Compatibilism. There are some choices that you can't choice and there are some that you can decide on your own. You can't choose the big life–changing decisions, but you can opt for the best case in average daily ... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...