IS CH2 Database Management (p1)
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The document discusses key concepts related to database management including: 1. It defines databases as collections of organized data that can be accessed, retrieved, and used via database management software. 2. Databases contain fields, records, files, and data types which are the basic units that make up a database. 3. Maintaining accurate and up-to-date data is important, and database management systems help ensure data integrity through validation, adding/editing/deleting records, and reducing redundancy. 4. Database systems improve upon file processing systems by allowing many users and programs to securely share centralized data.
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Data and Databases
IST
5500
1
Objectives
Describe differences between data, info & knowledge
Define database & identify steps to create one
Describe role of a database management system
Describe characteristics of a data warehouse; and
Define data mining & describe its role in an organization
2
Data, Information & Knowledge
Data: raw bits & pieces of info
Quantitative or qualitative
Data alone not useful
Needs context to be information
Aggregate & analyze: knowledge
Knowledge used for decisions
Wisdom includes experience!
NOTE: We will not be discussing older, hierarchical databases during this class
Databases
Relational database most popular
Limit our discussion to them
Examples: MS Access, MySQL & Oracle
Data organized into one or more tables
Each table contains set of fields
A record is one instance of a set of fields
Tables related by one or more fields: primary key
Database Design
Needs, requirements & goals?
Define data requiring tracking
Determine tables needed
Specifically which fields
Data to which they will relate
Establish primary key (unique)
Normalize: avoid duplicates & achieve flexibility
Designing a Database
Example: a university wants to create an information system to track participation in student clubs
Goal to give insight into how university funds clubs
Track number of club members & club activeness
Must keep track of the clubs, members & events
Following tables needed:
Clubs: club name, club president, short description of club
Students: student name, e-mail, year of birth
Memberships: correlates students with clubs, any given student can join multiple clubs
Events: when clubs meet & attendance
Designing a Database continued
Primary key must be selected for each table to create a relationship
unique identifier for each record in a table
Designing a Database Table Details
Designing a Database Table Details cont.
Designing a Database continued
Normalization
Design database in a way that:
reduces duplication of data between tables
gives table as much flexibility as possible
Purpose of creating Memberships table separate from Students & Clubs tables
Makes it simple to change design without major modifications to existing structure
Data Types
Each field in a database table needs a data type
Text, Number, Yes/No, Date/Time, Currency, Object, etc.
Importance of properly defined data types
tells database what functions can be performed
proper amount of storage space is allocated for data
Data Types: Assigned by Fields
Text – generally under 256 characters
Numbers* – usually different types
Yes/No – decisions (*special type)
Date/Time – formats (*special type)
Currency – types (*special type)
Paragraphs - allows text over 256
Objects – images, music, etc.
Database Tables 1NF (1st normal form)
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The document discusses database concepts and components. It lists the group members working on the project as Raja Muhammad noman, Muhammad aqib, Haider abbas, and Farhad abbas. It then covers topics such as the hierarchy of data, maintaining data through adding, changing and deleting records, and validating data. It also compares file processing and database approaches. The roles of database analysts and administrators in managing the database are also summarized.
Data base management system
This document provides an overview of database management systems and related concepts. It discusses data hierarchy, traditional file processing, the database approach to data management, features and capabilities of database management systems, database schemas, components of database management systems, common data models including hierarchical, network, and relational models, and the process of data normalization.
Database System
The document discusses database concepts including data, information, database management systems (DBMS), and examples of database systems. It defines data as raw facts and figures that can include text, numbers, sounds, images, charts and videos. Information is processed data used for decision making, and data can also be considered information. Examples of database systems include admission, examination, library, payroll, accounting, hotel reservation, and airline reservation systems. The document also discusses manual filing systems, computerized filing systems, and database systems as different approaches to data management. It outlines advantages of DBMS such as sharing data, controlling redundancy, improving data consistency and integrity, and faster development of new applications.
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IS L06 Communications and Networks
Computers communicate by transferring data, instructions, and information between devices using communications devices, channels, and protocols. A sender initiates the transfer, data is transmitted through a channel like cable or wireless media, and a receiver accepts the transmission. Common devices include modems, routers, hubs, and switches that connect components and route traffic. Networks connect multiple devices and come in different topologies like bus, ring, and star configurations. Networks can be intranets within an organization, extranets between groups, or the large global Internet system.
IS L05 Multimedia
The document discusses multimedia and how it combines multiple elements like text, graphics, animation, audio, video and more to deliver information to users. It provides examples of multimedia uses in different industries like business, education, healthcare and entertainment. It also discusses how multimedia content is developed using multimedia authoring software and the simplified software development lifecycle process used, which includes planning, analysis, design, implementation and operation/support.
IS L04 Programming Language
The document discusses programming languages and when programming occurs in the systems development life cycle (SDLC). It provides definitions and examples of different types of programming languages from low-level machine code to high-level visual languages. It also explains the different phases of the SDLC, with a focus on the implementation phase where actual programming and coding takes place to build the desired features according to the design. Programming happens after requirements have been analyzed, a solution designed, and the design validated.
IS L07 - Security, Ethics and Privacy
This document discusses information systems security, ethics, and privacy. It identifies several risks to information systems including human factors, environmental hazards, system failures, and cybercrime. It then outlines various security measures that can be implemented to minimize these risks, such as antivirus software, firewalls, access control, encryption, backups, and disaster recovery plans. The document also discusses issues around privacy, data collection, and potential health impacts of excessive technology use such as computer vision syndrome, repetitive strain injuries, and addiction.
IS L03 - Database Management
This document provides an overview of database management systems and different types of databases. It discusses how databases store and organize data, the roles of database analysts and administrators, features of database management systems like data maintenance, security, and backups. It also introduces different data models including relational, object-oriented, and multi-dimensional databases, comparing their data storage, specialties, benefits, and sample applications.
IS L02 - Development of Information Systems
This document provides an overview of information systems development using the System Development Lifecycle (SDLC) framework. The SDLC is a 5 phase process: 1) Planning, 2) Analysis, 3) Design, 4) Implementation, and 5) Operation, Support and Security. Each phase is described in detail, from assembling a project team to gathering requirements to designing and building the system to deployment and ongoing maintenance. The goal is to systematically develop an information system that solves business problems by following best practices at each step of the process.
IS L01 - Introduction to Information Systems (2019)
This document provides an introduction to information systems. It defines information systems as a "box" that processes "stuff" or data and provides results. It discusses the characteristics of data and information and how information must be accurate, timely, relevant, sufficient, cost-effective, verifiable, and organized to be valuable. The document also suggests reasons why businesses and consumers require information systems, such as for productivity, monitoring, automation, planning and decision making. It outlines different types of information systems based on their objectives. Finally, it speculates on the future of information systems and cloud, mobile, IoT, and what will be required to create this future.
Decision Making for Entrepreneurs
Decision making is important for entrepreneurs or anyone alike. Procrastination often leads to bad decision making and requires more time to rectify when it happens. Here are some tips to help you take control of your decisions for your business.
L008 Disaster Recovery Plan (2016)
The document discusses disaster recovery planning and business continuity. It outlines a 5-step risk management approach to assess assets, vulnerabilities, potential losses, protection options, and perform cost-benefit analyses to select effective controls. Regular backups using continuous, full, or mirror methods are important to ensure data is not lost. Disaster recovery concepts like using external hotsite or coldsite vendors can help organizations instantly swap or temporarily relocate operations in an emergency. The document provides guidance on developing a disaster recovery plan to minimize disruptions through preparedness and risk assessment.
L007 Managing System Security (2016)
This document discusses managing system security for information systems in organizations. It notes that defending against hundreds of potential threats is not a simple or inexpensive task due to factors like distributed computing resources, networks spanning outside the organization, rapid technological changes, and people sometimes violating security procedures. The objectives of defense strategies are outlined as prevention and deterrence of future attacks, early detection of attacks, recovery from damage, and correcting underlying problems. Several case studies on denial-of-service attacks, viruses, human error, and phishing are presented to illustrate lessons like all information being vulnerable and attackers using multiple methods. Risks to information systems are categorized as human errors, environmental hazards, computer system failures, cybercrime, and intentional threats. Finally, security
L006 IT Strategy (2016)
The document discusses key topics in IT strategy and managing information systems in organizations. It addresses whether technology or the management of technology is more important, noting that competitive advantage is derived from how technology is used rather than technology alone. It also discusses how IT plays a big role in business innovation by enabling strategic applications and supporting strategic change. Other topics covered include competitive intelligence and how technology affects competition through changing industry structure, giving competitive advantages, and spawning new businesses. The document also notes major issues to consider when implementing information systems, such as justification, risks/failures, finding the appropriate system, and managerial challenges. It concludes with ways for businesses to sustain an information system advantage.
L004 E-Commerce (2016)
This document discusses electronic commerce and online marketing. It begins by describing different types of e-commerce models and transactions. It then explains that most e-commerce applications are business-to-consumer (B2C) because it started with retailers moving online like catalogues and shopping channels. The document also differentiates between e-business and e-commerce. It outlines major issues organizations face with e-commerce and provides a framework with five pillars - people, public policy, marketing, supply services, and business partnerships - to implement e-commerce applications. It describes supporting e-commerce with services, processes, and markets. Finally, it compares traditional versus internet advertising and discusses issues in online marketing.
L003 Network Computing (2016)
The document discusses various tools for discovery, communication, and collaboration on the internet and web-based applications. It describes discovery tools that allow users to access global content through browsing and searching, such as software agents that retrieve third-party information on behalf of users. Communication tools mentioned include social networks, email, messengers, and chat rooms for exchanging messages and files. Collaboration tools discussed involve virtual collaboration using technology to enable organizations and individuals to work together, as well as groupware and workflow systems to connect people with shared goals.
MISO L001 Digital Economy (2016)
The document discusses how digital technologies have changed business models and the economy. It provides examples of how taking photos has evolved from using film and processing to using digital cameras and sharing photos instantly online. The document also outlines several common business models used in the new digital economy like e-tail, e-marketplaces, auctions, advertising, subscriptions, and affiliate marketing. It notes there are pressures driving businesses to change and improve, and businesses can respond to these pressures through various initiatives.
L002 IT Concepts & Management (2016)
This document discusses web-based systems and their types. A web-based system is a software, service, or application hosted on a server that can be accessed by users through web browsers from anywhere in the world. There are three main types of web architectures: intranets which use web technologies for private internal networks, extranets which connect multiple intranets to allow remote access, and the internet which is a global network of all networks. Common types of web-based systems include portals, enterprise web systems, e-commerce sites, and mobile commerce or m-commerce sites.
Social Media for Entrepreneurs
Entrepreneurs in the midst of their passion and excitement may approach social media lightly and find that social media does not 'work' for them. This presentation highlights some of the fundamentals of social media for entrepreneurs.
This presentation was shared in an entrepreneurship workshop in 2012.
See accompanying blog post: www.janwong.my/social-media-for-entrepreneurs-an-introduction
MISO L010
This document discusses the major impacts of information technology (IT) on individuals, organizations, and society. At the organizational level, IT has automated routine decisions, empowered lower-level managers, and led to thinner organizations. It has also redistributed power among managers and allowed non-managerial employees to make decisions. Within individuals, IT has led to both positive and negative psychological impacts as well as health issues. At the societal level, IT has improved healthcare and crime fighting but also raised issues around privacy and a growing digital divide.
MISO L007 managing system security
This document discusses managing system security in organizations. It covers security threats like human error, environmental hazards, computer failures, cybercrime and intentional threats. It describes methods to defend against these risks, including preventive control systems, detection of security issues, recovery from attacks, and correction of vulnerabilities. The document also discusses IT auditing to evaluate security controls and ensure compliance.
MISO L008 Disaster Recovery Plan
The document discusses disaster recovery planning for organizations. It describes the importance of disaster recovery and risk management. The key steps in a risk management approach are outlined, including identifying assets, threats, impact analysis, available controls, and cost-benefit analysis. Different types of backup systems and locations are explained for withstanding faults and disasters. A disaster recovery plan should address backup procedures, critical applications, facilities, communications, infrastructure, employees, and information to ensure business continuity if a major disaster occurs.
MISO L006 IT Strategy
This document discusses the role of information systems and technology in business strategy. It covers several key topics:
1) The evolution of IT from the mainframe era to today's network/wireless era.
2) How IT can provide strategic advantages like cost reduction, competitive intelligence, and supporting strategic change.
3) Porter's five forces model and how IT can impact competition by changing industry structure.
4) The importance of managing technology effectively for competitive advantage rather than just investing in technology.
5) Frameworks for analyzing IT strategy like Porter's value chain model and McFarlan's portfolio model.
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IS CH2 Database Management (p1)
- 1. INFORMATION SYSTEMS DATABASE MANAGEMENT (PART 1) Prepared by: Jan Wong
- 2. The Learning Outcomes Understand what are DATABASES Identify the components of a database Explain why data is importantto an organization Understand file maintenance techniques File processing System VS Database System
- 5. GIGO
- 7. Data Types
- 8. Validation
- 11. Procedure
- 12. Data Dictionary
- 14. Data & Information What is Data Integrity? Degree of which data is correct Garbage in, Garbage out (GIGO) - cannot create correct information from incorrect data
- 15. Data & Information What are the qualities of Valuable Information? 6 Qualities: Accurate Verifiable Timely Organized Meaningful Cost Effective + 1: Accessible
- 17. Add, Change (edit) & Delete Data
- 18. Sort & Retrieve Data
- 19. Create Forms & ReportsDATABASE
- 20. Data Hierarchy FIELDS RECORDS U C FILES D 1 F CHARACTERS DATABASE 1 1
- 21. In other words… DATABASE
- 23. Smallest unit of data a user can access to
- 24. Field Name: Uniquely identifies each field
- 25. Field Size: Defines the maximum number of characters the field can contain
- 26. Data Type: Specifies what kind of data the field containsFIELDS
- 28. Letters, numbers & special characters
- 33. How to uniquely differentiate records?Primary Key RECORD
- 34. Data Hierarchy What is are data files? Collection of related records stored on disk FILE
- 37. Ticket Reservation System (e.g. Cinema)
- 41. File Processing System Each department has it’s own set of files Records in one file may not relate to records in another file e.g. HR dept & other depts Possible weaknesses: Data redundancy: Same fields / records stored in different files Isolated data: Data stored in different files therefore difficult to access
- 42. DatabaseProcessing System Many programs and users can share data in database Secures data so only authorized users can access certain data Strengths: Reduced data redundancy Improved data integrity Shared data Faster / Centralized Access Reduced development time
- 43. “Assists organizations / ‘people’ in creating and managing databases” Database ManagementSystems (DBMS)
- 44. “Data Dictionary - Contains data about each file in database and each field within those files” Database ManagementSystems (DBMS)
- 45. “Report Generator - Allows user to design a report on screen, retrieve data into report design, then display or print reports” Database ManagementSystems (DBMS)
- 47. Actual Change
- 48. After ImageDatabase ManagementSystems (DBMS)
- 50. Chapter 2: Database Management (Part 2)