This document lists and describes various meteorological instruments used to measure different weather phenomena. It discusses instruments that measure temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, humidity, rainfall, sunlight, and other meteorological variables. The instruments are used to collect weather data that can be analyzed to study weather patterns and climate conditions.
It is he best project to give an idea for the school project on meteorological Instruments. it gives info of few commonly used instruments which play a great role in day to day life and much more......
It is he best project to give an idea for the school project on meteorological Instruments. it gives info of few commonly used instruments which play a great role in day to day life and much more......
Dew point temperature and measurement tools for compressed gas and gases. the selection of the right measuring instrument is decisive for proper temperature measurement and humidity measurement in compressed gas and gases
Relative humidity is a measurement used to describe water vapor in the air. In general, it expresses how close the air is to saturation. In this lab, you will use a psychrometer
WEATHER is the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place with regard to temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind, cloudiness, and precipitation. The term weather is restricted to conditions over short periods of time; conditions over long periods are referred to as climate.
this is my presentation of hydraulic and water resources engineering. I have discussed in this ppt about network density for given rain gauge and calculations and index of witness.
Dew point temperature and measurement tools for compressed gas and gases. the selection of the right measuring instrument is decisive for proper temperature measurement and humidity measurement in compressed gas and gases
Relative humidity is a measurement used to describe water vapor in the air. In general, it expresses how close the air is to saturation. In this lab, you will use a psychrometer
WEATHER is the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place with regard to temperature, air pressure, humidity, wind, cloudiness, and precipitation. The term weather is restricted to conditions over short periods of time; conditions over long periods are referred to as climate.
this is my presentation of hydraulic and water resources engineering. I have discussed in this ppt about network density for given rain gauge and calculations and index of witness.
Meteorological observations are made for a variety of reasons. They are used for the real-time preparation of weather charts and maps, for weather forecasts and severe weather warnings, for the study of climate, and for local weather-dependent operations. This module highlights all related details.
Included in the slide is a presentation about the weather and the different kinds of weather instruments. This slide is best used in demo presentation. It also includes sample test questions and assignments. It does not have slide special effects. Its reference is based only on self research from various sites and definitions by meriam dictionary.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
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Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
2. Meteorological Instruments
Thermometer
Use for measuring the temperature .
Unit: Degree Centigrade (C°)
Degree Fahrenheit (F°)
Ceilometer
Ceilometer use for measuring the cloud height
and thickness.
Unit: Meter (m)
Feet (ft)
3. CONT……..
Fiel mill
Use for measure the strength of electrical field in
the atmosphere near thunderstorm clouds.
Unit: newton per coulomb (N/C)
volts per meter (V/M)
Rain Gauge
Use for measuring the rain fall in any area.
Unit: centimeter or inches or millimeter
4. Ceiling projector
The ceiling projector or cloud
searchlight is used to measure the height
of the base of clouds (called the ceiling)
above the ground
Unit: ft , m
Anemometer
Use for measuring the speed of wind.
Unit: km/hr
CONT……..
5. Barometer
Use for measuring the atmospheric pressure.
Unit: hector-pascal (hPa), Millibar (mb), inch (in)
Snow Gauge
Use for measuring the solid precipitation over a set
period of time.
Unit: millimeter (mm)
CONT……..
6. Hygrometer
Use for measure the relative humidity of air in
percentage.
Unit : percentage have no unit
Disdrometer
Use for measuring the rain drop size distribution.
Unit : N/(D)[m-3m-1]
CONT……..
7. Wind profiler
A wind profiler is a type of weather observing
equipment that use radar or sound waves to
detect the wind speed and direction of various
elevation above the ground.
Unit: km/hr or km
Koniscope
Use to detect and measure the content of dust
Particles in the atmosphere.
Unit micrometer in diameter
CONT……..
8. Stromglass
Observing the liquid in the Stromglass was suppose
to indicate change in the weather .if the liquid in
the glass was clear ,the weather would be clear
and bright.
Composition
2.5 potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride , 33ml distilled
water , 40ml of methanol and 10g of camphor .
CONT……..
9. Evaporation pan
Use to measure the combine and integrate effect
of several climate elements;temperature,humidity
,rain fall, drought dispersion, solar radiation , wind
Unit: Degree Celsius, Percentage, Millimeter, w/m2
Anemoscope
Anemoscope is a contrivance for indicating and
recording the direction of the wind; also, a device
intended to foretell change in the weather.
CONT……..
10. Thermoscope
Use to measure the change in temperature of a
substance by noting change in the volume of the
substance without numerical scale.
Nephelometer
Use for measure the conc. Of suspended particulates
In liquid or gas colloid.
Unit: Turbidity standard unit (NTU)
Formazin Nephelometric unit (FNU)
CONT……..
11. Wind vane
Wind vane are also refered to as weather vanes ,
science when the wind change direction ,it often
brings a change in weather.
Solarimeter
Use to measuring combine and diffuse solar radiation
through a surface.
Unit: w/m2
CONT……..
12. Sunshine recorder
Use to record the amount of sunshine in hours of
bright at a given location. The result provide
information about the weather , climate as well
as the temperature of a geographical area.
Unit: Kwh/(m2 day)
CONT……..
13. Pyranometer
A pyranometer is an instrument that
measures the total amount of sunlight
reaching a horizontal plane on Earth's
surface. This quantity is called "insolation.
Unit: Watts per square meter (W/m2)
Anemograph
A graph connected to the dials records the wind
speeds and directions on a continuous basis for
a monthly period.
CONT……..
14. Thermograph
Thermograph consists of a bi‐metallic spiral coils
and uncoils with changes in temperature. This
action causes movement of an attached pen.
This is a chart that is changed on a weekly basis.
windsock
Sock aligns in wind flow and changes shape
depending on wind speed (qualitatively).
CONT……..
15. Radio Sonde
Small instrument package (temperature, pressure,
relative humidity) connected to a balloon filled
e.g. with helium. The balloons usually burst at
about 30 km. Data is sent to ground via radio
transmission.
Unit: Hectopascal , degree Celsius, percentage
Doppler Radar (Doppler mode, velocity mode)
using the Doppler effect, the direction and
speed of precipitation can be determined in m/s
CONT……..
16. Pyrheliometer
use for measuring direct sunshine two manganin
strips, one is heated by the sun, the other electrically
until they have the same temperature. The current
needed is proportional to the incoming short wave
radiation.
Unit: watts per square meter
CONT……..
17. Hail pads
Hail pads measure the size of hail that falls
during a storm. A standard hail pad consists of
florist's foam and aluminum foil. The falling
hail strikes the foil and creates dimples for the
observer to measure after the storm.
Unit: inches
CONT……..
18. Psychrometer
A psychrometer is used to measure
humidity or moisture in the air.
Unit: Percent (%) moisture held in the air.
COMPASS
A COMPASS is a navigational
instrument for finding directions.
CONT……..
