This document lists and describes various meteorological instruments used to measure different weather phenomena. It discusses instruments that measure temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, humidity, rainfall, sunlight, and other meteorological variables. The instruments are used to collect weather data that can be analyzed to study weather patterns and climate conditions.

1. Meteorological Instruments
Presented by :
Muhammad Usman
BAGF14E256

2. Meteorological Instruments
Thermometer
Use for measuring the temperature .
Unit: Degree Centigrade (C°)
Degree Fahrenheit (F°)
Ceilometer
Ceilometer use for measuring the cloud height
and thickness.
Unit: Meter (m)
Feet (ft)

3. CONT……..
Fiel mill
Use for measure the strength of electrical field in
the atmosphere near thunderstorm clouds.
Unit: newton per coulomb (N/C)
volts per meter (V/M)
Rain Gauge
Use for measuring the rain fall in any area.
Unit: centimeter or inches or millimeter

4. Ceiling projector
The ceiling projector or cloud
searchlight is used to measure the height
of the base of clouds (called the ceiling)
above the ground
Unit: ft , m
Anemometer
Use for measuring the speed of wind.
Unit: km/hr
CONT……..

5. Barometer
Use for measuring the atmospheric pressure.
Unit: hector-pascal (hPa), Millibar (mb), inch (in)
Snow Gauge
Use for measuring the solid precipitation over a set
period of time.
Unit: millimeter (mm)
CONT……..

6. Hygrometer
Use for measure the relative humidity of air in
percentage.
Unit : percentage have no unit
Disdrometer
Use for measuring the rain drop size distribution.
Unit : N/(D)[m-3m-1]
CONT……..

7. Wind profiler
A wind profiler is a type of weather observing
equipment that use radar or sound waves to
detect the wind speed and direction of various
elevation above the ground.
Unit: km/hr or km
Koniscope
Use to detect and measure the content of dust
Particles in the atmosphere.
Unit micrometer in diameter
CONT……..

8. Stromglass
Observing the liquid in the Stromglass was suppose
to indicate change in the weather .if the liquid in
the glass was clear ,the weather would be clear
and bright.
Composition
2.5 potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride , 33ml distilled
water , 40ml of methanol and 10g of camphor .
CONT……..

9. Evaporation pan
Use to measure the combine and integrate effect
of several climate elements;temperature,humidity
,rain fall, drought dispersion, solar radiation , wind
Unit: Degree Celsius, Percentage, Millimeter, w/m2
Anemoscope
Anemoscope is a contrivance for indicating and
recording the direction of the wind; also, a device
intended to foretell change in the weather.
CONT……..

10. Thermoscope
Use to measure the change in temperature of a
substance by noting change in the volume of the
substance without numerical scale.
Nephelometer
Use for measure the conc. Of suspended particulates
In liquid or gas colloid.
Unit: Turbidity standard unit (NTU)
Formazin Nephelometric unit (FNU)
CONT……..

11. Wind vane
Wind vane are also refered to as weather vanes ,
science when the wind change direction ,it often
brings a change in weather.
Solarimeter
Use to measuring combine and diffuse solar radiation
through a surface.
Unit: w/m2
CONT……..

12. Sunshine recorder
Use to record the amount of sunshine in hours of
bright at a given location. The result provide
information about the weather , climate as well
as the temperature of a geographical area.
Unit: Kwh/(m2 day)
CONT……..

13.  Pyranometer
A pyranometer is an instrument that
measures the total amount of sunlight
reaching a horizontal plane on Earth's
surface. This quantity is called "insolation.
Unit: Watts per square meter (W/m2)
Anemograph
A graph connected to the dials records the wind
speeds and directions on a continuous basis for
a monthly period.
CONT……..

14. Thermograph
Thermograph consists of a bi‐metallic spiral coils
and uncoils with changes in temperature. This
action causes movement of an attached pen.
This is a chart that is changed on a weekly basis.
windsock
Sock aligns in wind flow and changes shape
depending on wind speed (qualitatively).
CONT……..

15. Radio Sonde
Small instrument package (temperature, pressure,
relative humidity) connected to a balloon filled
e.g. with helium. The balloons usually burst at
about 30 km. Data is sent to ground via radio
transmission.
Unit: Hectopascal , degree Celsius, percentage
Doppler Radar (Doppler mode, velocity mode)
using the Doppler effect, the direction and
speed of precipitation can be determined in m/s
CONT……..

16.  Pyrheliometer
use for measuring direct sunshine two manganin
strips, one is heated by the sun, the other electrically
until they have the same temperature. The current
needed is proportional to the incoming short wave
radiation.
Unit: watts per square meter
CONT……..

17. Hail pads
Hail pads measure the size of hail that falls
during a storm. A standard hail pad consists of
florist's foam and aluminum foil. The falling
hail strikes the foil and creates dimples for the
observer to measure after the storm.
Unit: inches
CONT……..

18. Psychrometer
A psychrometer is used to measure
humidity or moisture in the air.
Unit: Percent (%) moisture held in the air.
COMPASS
A COMPASS is a navigational
instrument for finding directions.
CONT……..