Vivek Yadav's presentation discusses agrometeorological instruments used for protected crop cultivation. It introduces meteorology and explains how measuring weather parameters like temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and rainfall can help farmers plan cropping patterns, reduce losses, and manage pests and diseases. The presentation describes common instruments for measuring these parameters, including sunshine recorders, quantum sensors, pyranometers, thermometers, barometers, hygrometers, and rain gauges. It provides photos and explanations of how each instrument works.

1. Name –VIVEK YADAV
School of life sciences
Sikkim University
Presentation
On
Agro-meteorological Instruments
For protected cultivation
Sikkim University
Department of Horticulture

2. Introduction
• An applied science which deals with relationship between weather/climatic
conditions and agricultural production.
• Greek word “Meteoro” means ‘above the earth’s surface’ (atmosphere) “logy”
means ‘indicating science’. Branch of science dealing with that of atmosphere
is known as meteorology.
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3. IMPORTANCE TO CROP PRODUCTION
(protected cultivation)
• Helps in planning cropping patterns/systems.
• Reduction in waste of capital.
• Manipulation selection of sowing dates for optimum crop yields.
• Reducing losses of applied chemicals and fertilizers.
• Judicious irrigation to crops.
• Efficient harvesting of all crops.
• Reducing or eliminating outbreak of pests and diseases.
• Efficient management of soils which are formed out of weather action.
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4. Parameter to be Measured
Atm.
moisture
Temperat
ure
Wind Humidity Light
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5. Solar radiation
Sunshine recorder
Lux meter
Quantum sensor
Tube solarimeter
Angstrom Phyrheliometer
Pyranometer
Net radiometter
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6. Sunshine Recorder
• Convex glass sphere mounted on a brass
bowl with three sets of grooves for
holding the sunshine recorder cards.
• Convex glass sphere burns a trace on the
cords when exposed to sun.
• The length on burning trace is the
measure of the duration of bright
sunshine.
• Three types of cards :
• long curved for summer
• short for winter
• straight card for equinoxes

7. Sunshine meter
Measurement Cords
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8. Quantum sensor and
Tube solarimeter
• Quantum Sensor: measures intensity
of PAR (400-700nm) wavelength
range.
• It gives an output quantum flux rather
than energy flux as quantum response
is more appropriate to photosynthesis
studies .
• Measuring in MOLES.
• Tube Solarimeter: intensity of solar
radiation.
• Used in not uniform condition.
• Unit : W/mm
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9. Quantum sensor Reading device
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10. Pyranometer /Albedometer
• Measures global solar radiation both
direct and diffuse radiation.
• It can be used as Albedometer if it is
exposed to earthen surface .
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11. Temperature
Simple Stevenson screen
Maximum thermometer/ Minimum Thermometer
Dry/ Wet bulb thermometer
Infrared thermometer
Assmann psycrometer/ psychrometer
Psychrometer
Six’s Max-Min thermometer
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12. Single Stevenson Screen
• Wooden box designed for housing 4
thermometer which record the
surface air temperature.
• White painted
• Open for air passage.
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13. Dry and Wet bulb
• Dry: consists of a bulb at one end and
is connected with a tube in which the
mercury is filled.
• Wet : bulb of thermometer is wrapped
with a muslin cloth using cotton
thread .
• Other end of the string of the cotton
thread is dipped in a small and
narrow mouth glass bottle having DD
water.
• Used for hygrometric table for RH.
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14. Dry and wet thermometerviveksu1194@hotmail.com 14

15. Wind distribution
Aneroid Barometer
Kew barometer
Barograph
Wind Vane
Anemometer
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16. Aneroid barometer
• Consists of thin shallow circular metal
box from which all air has been
removed .
• Packed top and bottom to make
pressure sanative.
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17. Wind vane Anemometer
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18. Barographviveksu1194@hotmail.com 18

19. Atmospheric moisture
Station hygrometer
Hygrometer/ hygrograph
Leaf wetness recorder/ counter
Open-Pan evaprometer
Duvdevani Dewguage
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20. Hygrometer
• Any instrument for measuring the
water-vapor content of the
atmosphere.
• Classical
• Metal paper
• Hair tension
• Siling
• Chilled (dew point )
• Modern
• Capitative
• Theraml
• Gravimeteric
• Resisitive
Instruments usually work on measurements of
some other quantity such as temperature,
pressure, mass or a mechanical or electrical
change in a substance as moisture is absorbed.
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21. Digital hygrometerHair Hygrometer Dry and wet Bulbviveksu1194@hotmail.com 21

22. Rainfall
Ordinary rainguage
Self recording rainguage
Automatic weather station
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23. Rainguage
• A rain gauge is a type of instrument used
by meteorologists and hydrologists to
gather and measure the amount of liquid
precipitation over a set period of time.
• Different names:
• Udometer
• Pluviometer
• Ombrometer
Standard
Pluviometer of
intensities
Weighing precipitation
gauge
Optical rain gauge
TYPES
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25. Rain gauge is an meteorological
instrument for determining the
depth of precipitation (usually in
mm) that occurs over a unit area
(usually one meter squared) and
thus measuring rainfall amount.
One millimeter of measured
precipitation is the equivalent of
one liter of rainfall per meter
squared.
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