This document is a project report submitted by Irfan Ali, student number 3166516, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Business Administration degree. The report is on the topic of e-commerce and was submitted to the project guide, Sonam Mam, and certified by the examiner at Radha Krishna Institute of Technology & Management. The report includes an acknowledgment, declaration, index and sections on introducing e-commerce, the history and process of e-commerce, types of e-commerce, and the scope, limitations, applications, advantages and impact of e-commerce.

1. A PROJECT REPORT
ON
e- Commerce
Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement of
Bachelor of Business Administration (B.B.A)
B.B.A VIth Semester
Batch 2012-2015
Submitted To : Submitted By :
Irfan Ali
Roll No. 3166516
Ritu Mam

2. PROJECTED BY IRFAN
ALI

3. This is to certify that Mr. Irfan Ali with Roll no. 3166516
student of BBA ( Bachelor Of Business Administration)
Radha Krishna Institute of Technology & Management
(R.K.I.T.M.) Simbhaoli, Hapur has completed the project
work & has submitted a report for the same in partial
fulfillment of the course by C.C.S. University Meerut for
the year 2012-2015 in the Topic “ E-Commerce” . The
Student has worked under our Guidance as directed.
SIGNATURE OF EXAMINER
CERTIFICATE
RADHA KRISHNA ISTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
SIMBHAOLI, HAPUR, (U.P.)

4. A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T
RADHA KRISHNA ISTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
SIMBHAOLI, HAPUR, (U.P.)
I would like to express a deep sense of thanks &
gratitude to my project guide Sonam Mam for guiding
me immensely through the course of the project. He
always evinced keen interest in my work. His
constructive advice & constant motivation have been
responsible for the successful completion of this
project.
I also thanks to my all Teachers for their motivation &
support. I must thanks to my classmates for their
timely help & support for compilation of this project.

5. DECLARATION
RADHA KRISHNA ISTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
SIMBHAOLI, HAPUR, (U.P.)
I here by declare that the project work entitled “E –
Commerce” submitted to Radha Krishna Institute of
Technology & Management Simbhaoli, Hapur is
prepared by me. All the coding are result of my
personal efforts.

6. INDEX
 Introduction of E-Commerce?
 Why use E-Commerce ?
 Brief History of E-Commerce
 Process of E-Commerce
 Limitations of E-Commerce
 E-Commerce Application
 Types of E-Commerce
 Different Definitions of E-Commerce
 Scopes of E-Commerce
 Difference of E-Commerce and
Traditional Commerce
 Benefits of E-Commerce
 Advantages & Disadvantages of E-
Commerce
 Impact of E-Commerce

7. Introduction of
“E-Commerce”
 According to Dictionary.com
 Commerce is a division of trade or
production which deals with the exchange
of goods and services from producer to
final consumer
 It comprises the trading of something of
economic value such as goods, services,
information, or money between two or
more entities.
 Commonly known as Electronic Marketing.
 “It consist of buying and selling goods and
services over an electronic systems Such as
the internet and other computer networks.”

8. E-COMMERCE
 It is commonly known as electronic
marketing.
 It consist of buying and selling goods and
services over an electronic system such as
the internet.
 E-commerce is the purchasing , selling &
exchanging goods and services over
computer network or internet through
which transactions or terms of sale are
performed electronically.

9. Different Definitions of
Electronic Commerce
 Daniel Minoli and Emma Minoli gave their
view of Internet-based commerce as
follows:
 “… This revolution is known as electronic
commerce, which is any purchasing or
selling through an electronic
communications medium.
 … Internet-based commerce, in general,
and Web-based commerce, in particular,
are important sub-disciplines of electronic
commerce.”

10. Why
Use
E-Commerce…….?

11. • Low Entry Cost
• Reduces Transaction Costs
• Access to the global market
• Secure market share

12. Brief
History
Of
E-
Commerc
e

13.  1970s: Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)
 Used by the banking industry to
exchange account information over
secured networks
 Late 1970s and early 1980s: Electronic Data
Interchange (EDI) for e-commerce within
companies
 Used by businesses to transmit data
from one business to another
 1990s: the World Wide Web on the
Internet provides easy-to-use technology
for information publishing and
dissemination
 Cheaper to do business (economies of
scale)
 Enable diverse business activities
(economies of scope)

14. The
Process
Of
E-
Commerc
e

15. The process of E-commerce

16. The Process of E-commerce
 A consumer uses Web browser to connect
to the home page of a merchant's Web site
on the Internet.
 The consumer browses the catalog of
products featured on the site and selects
items to purchase. The selected items are
placed in the electronic equivalent of a
shopping cart.
 When the consumer is ready to complete
the purchase of selected items, she
provides a bill-to and ship-to address for
purchase and delivery

17.  A consumer uses Web browser to connect
to the home page of a merchant's Web site
on the Internet.
 The consumer browses the catalog of
products featured on the site and selects
items to purchase. The selected items are
placed in the electronic equivalent of a
shopping cart.
 When the consumer is ready to complete
the purchase of selected items, she
provides a bill-to and ship-to address for
purchase and delivery
 When the merchant's Web server receives
this information, it computes the total cost
of the order--including tax, shipping, and
handling charges--and then displays the
total to the customer.

18. The Scope of Electronic
Commerce
 Electronic Commerce encompasses
one or more of the following:
 EDI
 EDI on the Internet
 E-mail on the Internet
 Shopping on the World Wide Web
 Product sales and services on the Web
 Electronic banking or funds transfer
 Outsourced customer and employee care
operations
Outsourced customer and employee care
operations

19. Limitations of
E- Commerce
 Technical Limitations:
 Lack of security, reliability, standards
 Insufficient bandwidth
 Rapid change in software development
tools
 Difficult to integrate the Internet and EC
s/w with existing applications and
databases
 Venders require special web servers and
other infrastructures
 Incompatibility of certain operating
systems with certain h/w or s/w.

20. E-commerce Applications
 Supply Chain Management
 Video-on-demand
 Procurement and purchasing
 On-line Marketing and Advertising
 Home Shopping

21. Types
Of
E-Commerce

22. Different types of
E-Commerce
 Business-to-business (B2B)
 Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
 Business-to-government (B2G)
 Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
 Government to consumer (G2C)
 Government-to-business (G2B)

23. What is B2B e-commerce?
 B2B e-commerce is simply defined as
ecommerce between companies. About
80% of e-commerce is of this type.
 Examples:
 Intel selling microprocessor to Dell
 Heinz selling ketchup to Mc Donald's

24. Business-to-business (B2B)
 B2B stands for Business to Business. It consists of
largest form of Ecommerce. This model defines that
Buyer and seller are two different entities. It is
similar to manufacturer issuing goods to the retailer
or wholesaler.
E.g.:-Dell deals computers and other associated
accessories online but it is does not make up all those
products. So, in govern to deal those products, first
step is to purchases them from unlike businesses i.e.
the producers of those products.

25. B2B E-commerce

26. What is B2C ecommerce?
 Business-to-consumer e-commerce, or
commerce between companies and
consumers, involves customers gathering
information; purchasing physical goods or
receiving products over an electronic
network.
 Example:
 Dell selling me a laptop

27. Business-to-consumer (B2C):
 It is the model taking businesses and consumers
interaction. The basic concept of this model is to
sell the product online to the consumers.
 B2c is the direct trade between the company and
consumers. It provides direct selling through online.
For example: if you want to sell goods and services
to customer so that anybody can purchase any
products directly from supplier’s website.

28. B2C E-commerce

29. Business-to-Employee (B2E)
 Business-to-employee (B2E) electronic commerce
uses an intra business network which allows
companies to provide products and/or services to
their employees. Typically, companies use B2E
networks to automate employee-related corporate
processes.

30. What is C2C ecommerce?
 Consumer-to-consumer e-commerce or
C2C is simply commerce between private
individuals or consumers.
 Example:
 Mary buying an iPod from Tom on eBay
 Me selling a car to my neighbor

31. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)
 There are many sites offering free classifieds,
auctions, and forums where individuals can buy and
sell thanks to online payment systems like PayPal
where people can send and receive money online
with ease. eBay's auction service is a great example
of where person-to-person transactions take place
everyday since 1995.

32. C2C E-commerce

33. What is B2G ecommerce?
 Business-to-government e-commerce or
B2G is generally defined as commerce
between companies and the public sector.
It refers to the use of the Internet for public
procurement, licensing procedures, and
other government-related operations
 Example:
 Business pay taxes, file reports, or sell
goods and services to Govt. agencies.

34. Business-to-government (B2G)
 B2G networks provide a platform for businesses to
bid on government opportunities which are
presented as solicitations in the form of RFPs in
a reverse auction fashion. Public sector
organizations (PSOs) post tenders in the form of
RFPs, RFIs, RFQs, Sources Sought, etc. and
suppliers respond to them.

35. B2G E-commerce

36. G2B E-commerce
 Government-to-business (G2B) is a
business model that refers to government
providing services or information to
business organization.
Government uses B2G model website to
approach business organizations. Such
websites support auctions, tenders and
application submission functionalities.

37. Government-to-business (G2B)
 The objective of G2B is to reduce burdens on
business, provide one-stop access to information
and enable digital communication using the
language of e-business (XML). Moreover, the
government should reuse the data reported
appropriately and take advantage of commercial
electronic transaction protocols.

38. G2B e-commerce

39. G2C E-commerce
 This Model is also a part of e-governance.
 The objective of this model is to provide
good and effective services to each citizen.
 The Government provides the following
facilities to the citizens through website.
 Information of all government
departments,
 Different welfare schemes,
 Different application forms to be used by
the citizens.

40. Government to consumer (G2C)
 The electronic commerce activities performed
between the government and its citizens
or consumers, including paying taxes, registering
vehicles, and providing information and services

41. G2C E-commerce

42. The Scope of Electronic
Commerce
 Electronic Commerce encompasses
one or more of the following:
 EDI
 EDI on the Internet
 E-mail on the Internet
 Shopping on the World Wide Web
 Product sales and services on the Web
 Electronic banking or funds transfer
 Outsourced customer and employee care
operations

43. TRADITIONAL
BUSINESS
DIRECT
SELLING

44. Differences between Electronic
Commerce and traditional
commerce
Traditional commerce:
 face-to-face, telephone lines , or mail
systems
 manual processing of traditional business
transactions
 individual involved in all stages of
business transactions
 E-Commerce:
 using Internet or other network
communication technology
 automated processing of business
transactions
 individual involved in all stages of
transactions
 pulls together all activities of business
transactions, marketing and advertising as
well as service and customer support

45. Benefits of E- Commerce
Benefits to Organizations:
 Market expansion to national and
international markets
 Reduced cost of creating, processing,
distributing, storing and retrieving
 paper based information
 Reduced inventories.(Just-in –time
manufacturing)
 Automated business processing
 Cost-effective document transfer
 Reduced time to complete business
transactions, speed-up the delivery time
 Improved customer service.
 Increased productivity
 Reduced transportation Costs

46. Benefits of E- Commerce
Benefits to Consumers:
 Transactions can be done 24 hrs. a day, all
year round and from any
 location
 Customer has more choices
 Rapid inter-personal communications and
information accesses
 Wider access to assistance and to advice
from experts
 Save shopping time and money
 Fast services and delivery

47. E-commerce vs. E-business
 We use the term e-business to refer
primarily to the digital enablement of
transactions and processes within a firm,
involving information systems under the
control of the firm.
 E-commerce include commercial
transactions involving an exchange of value
across organizational boundaries

48. ADVANTAGES OF E-
COMMERCE
 Faster buying/selling procedure, as well as
easy to find products.
 Buying/selling 24/7.
 More reach to customers, there is no
theoretical geographic limitations.
 Low operational costs and better quality of
services.
 No need of physical company set-ups.
 Easy to start and manage a business.
 Customers can easily select products from
different providers without moving around
physically.

49. DISADVANTAGES OF E-
COMMERCE
 Unable to examine products personally
 Not everyone is connected to the Internet
 There is the possibility of credit card
number theft
 Mechanical failures can cause
unpredictable effects on the total
processes.

50. Impact of E- Commerce
 Improving Direct Marketing
 Product Promotion
 New Sales Channels
 Direct Savings
 Reduced Cycle Time
 Customer Service
 Brand or Corporate Image

51. Impact of E- Commerce
 Transforming Organizations
 Technology and Organizational
Learning
 Changing Nature of Work
 Transforming
 New Product Capabilities
 New Business Models

52. Impact of E- Commerce
 Impact on Manufacturing
 Manufacturing systems are changing
from mass production to demand-driven
 Just –In-time Manufacturing
 Web-based systems
 Flexible sytems
 Impact on HRM, Training and
Education
 Impact on HRM, Training and
Education

53. “E-Commerce”
-By using electronic technology through the internet, it
achieved:
More competition, more marketplaces, faster transaction,
and more advanced technologies to make activities
between customers and producers more active.
We as customers and internet users are responsible to
keep our e-commerce healthy and safe so that e-business
can be more reliable in future.
.
CONCLUSION
RADHA KRISHNA ISTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
SIMBHAOLI, HAPUR, (U.P.)

54. 1. Background
 Provide an overview of the history behind the proposed
project
 Clearly state why perform the project, and also refer to
a programming context.
 Write a brief explanation of the need behind the
project.
2. Objectives
 State the major objectives of the proposed project.
 Describe the intended achievements to be gained at
different stages of the project lifecycle.
 Provide an overview of the resources required.
.
Reference
RADHA KRISHNA ISTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
SIMBHAOLI, HAPUR, (U.P.)

55. 3. Issues
 Highlight the key issues to be studied and disputed at
every stage of the project lifecycle.
4.Methodology
 Define the key phases of the project implementation
process.
 Specify the required level of stakeholder involvement.
 Describe the content and duration of project activities.
5.Reporting
 Provide the Table of Contents for project reports.
 Define rules for composing annexes.
 Add report templates.
 Set submission dates.
.
Reference
RADHA KRISHNA ISTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
SIMBHAOLI, HAPUR, (U.P.)

56. 5. Work plan
 Provide a summary of the anticipated work
 Describe the activities and necessary resources
required for achieving the project’s results and purpose
 Provide the activity schedule template
 Describe The finance resources allocated to the project
.
Reference
RADHA KRISHNA ISTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
SIMBHAOLI, HAPUR, (U.P.)

57. By Irfan Ali